使用servlet3.0異步特性改造spring-cloud-zuul

​ 咱們知道spring-cloud-zuul是依賴springMVC來註冊路由的,而springMVC又是在創建在servlet之上的(這裏微服務專家楊波老師寫過一篇文章講述其網絡模型,能夠參考看看),在servlet3.0以前使用的是thread per connection方式處理請求,就是每個請求須要servlet容器爲其分配一個線程來處理,直到響應完用戶請求,才被釋放回容器線程池,若是後端業務處理比較耗時,那麼這個線程將會被一直阻塞,不能幹其餘事情,若是耗時請求比較多時,servlet容器線程將被耗盡,也就沒法處理新的請求了,因此Netflix還專門開發了一個熔斷的組件Hystrix 來保護這樣的服務,防止其因後端的一些慢服務耗盡資源,形成服務不可用。不過在servlet3.0出來以後支持異步servlet了,能夠把業務操做放到獨立的線程池裏面去,這樣能夠儘快釋放servlet線程,springMVC自己也支持異步servlet了,本篇文章將帶你如何使用servlet3.0的異步特性來改造spring-cloud-zuul優化其性能。java

​ 咱們先來建立一個zuul的maven項目,就叫async-zuul吧,具體代碼我放在github上了。項目依賴於consul作註冊中心,啓動時先要在本地啓動consul,爲了能看到效果咱們先來新建一個zuul的filter類:git

@Component
public class TestFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    //忽略無關代碼,具體看github上的源碼
    @Override
    public Object run() {
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
        System.out.println("==============線程名稱:" +                                         Thread.currentThread().getName() 
                + ",訪問url:" + request.getRequestURI() + "================");
        return null;
    }
}

主要就是打印下線程的名稱,這個filter是zuul的前置過濾器,咱們主要就是看下在zuul在執行路由時是由什麼線程執行的。好了咱們來啓動下main方法,不過咱們還須要一個後端服務,很簡單,建立一個springcloud項目名叫book便可,並提供一個url:/book/borrow,啓動後把服務註冊到consul上,成功後咱們經過zuul的代理來訪問下book服務:github

http://localhost:8080/book/book/borrow

輸出:spring

==========線程名稱:http-nio-8080-exec-10,訪問url:/book/book/borrow=======

很清楚的看到執行filter的線程是servlet容器線程,等下咱們改形成異步後再作一下對比。segmentfault

​ 還記得在文章spring-cloud-zuul原理解析(一)中咱們分析到,spring-cloud-zuul的路由映射使用到springMVC的兩大組件ZuulHandlerMappingZuulController ,目前確定是沒法支持異步servlet的。那麼這兩個類在哪裏被加載的呢?答案就是ZuulServerAutoConfiguration,此類是spring-cloud-zuul自動配置類,源碼以下:後端

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnBean(annotation=EnableZuulProxy.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ ZuulProperties.class })
@ConditionalOnClass(ZuulServlet.class)
@Import(ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration.class)
public class ZuulServerAutoConfiguration {
    //無關代碼省略..........
    @Bean
    public ZuulController zuulController() {
        return new ZuulController();
    }
    @Bean
    public ZuulHandlerMapping zuulHandlerMapping(RouteLocator routes) {
        ZuulHandlerMapping mapping = new ZuulHandlerMapping(routes, zuulController());
        mapping.setErrorController(this.errorController);
        return mapping;
    }
    //無關代碼省略..........
}

能夠看到這兩個類在spring-cloud-zuul中並無爲咱們提供擴展,無法替換它們來實現servlet的異步邏輯,那該怎麼辦呢?spring-cloud-zuul還有一個自動配置配ZuulProxyAutoConfiguration繼承自ZuulServerAutoConfiguration,咱們把這兩個配置類所有替換掉,換成咱們本身的不就能夠了麼?是的,不過首先咱們得先排除加載這兩個自動配置類,springboot爲咱們提供這樣的設置:api

@EnableZuulProxy
//排除ZuulProxyAutoConfiguration配置類
@SpringBootApplication(exclude=ZuulProxyAutoConfiguration.class)
public class Startup {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Startup.class, args);
    }
}

以後,咱們建立兩個本身的配置配,徹底拷貝ZuulServerAutoConfigurationZuulProxyAutoConfiguration這兩個類,不過光這兩個類仍是不行,這兩個類使用到了類RibbonCommandFactoryConfiguration,裏面的內部類是protected的,咱們無法使用,也得本身建立,也是拷貝自RibbonCommandFactoryConfiguration,而後咱們還需修改ZuulController的邏輯改爲異步方式,因此再新建一個類繼承ZuulController,這樣咱們就新建了本身的三個配置類和一個本身的ZuulController`類,以下:springboot

public class MyZuulController extends ZuulController{
    private final AsyncTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor;
    public MyZuulController(AsyncTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor) {
        super();
        this.asyncTaskExecutor = asyncTaskExecutor;
    }
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        //真正的異步化邏輯
        final AsyncContext asyncCtx = request.startAsync();
        this.asyncTaskExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
        MyZuulController.this.handleRequestInternal((HttpServletRequest)asyncCtx.getRequest(),
                            (HttpServletResponse)asyncCtx.getResponse());
                }catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    asyncCtx.complete();
                    RequestContext.getCurrentContext().unset();
                }
            }
        });
        return null;
    }
}

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnBean(annotation=EnableZuulProxy.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ ZuulProperties.class })
@ConditionalOnClass(ZuulServlet.class)
@Import(ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration.class)
public class MyZuulServerAutoConfiguration {
    //省略代碼,徹底拷貝自ZuulServerAutoConfiguration
    /**
     * 自定義線程池
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public AsyncTaskExecutor zuulAsyncPool() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("zuul-async-");
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
        executor.setQueueCapacity(50);
        return executor;
    }
    //這裏換成咱們本身的MyZuulController類,而且傳入一個咱們自定義的線程池
    @Bean
    public ZuulController zuulController(AsyncTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor) {
        return new MyZuulController(asyncTaskExecutor);
    }
    @Bean
    public ZuulHandlerMapping zuulHandlerMapping(RouteLocator routes,AsyncTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor) {
        ZuulHandlerMapping mapping = new ZuulHandlerMapping(routes, zuulController(asyncTaskExecutor));
        mapping.setErrorController(this.errorController);
        return mapping;
    }
}

@Configuration
@Import({ MyRibbonCommandFactoryConfiguration.RestClientRibbonConfiguration.class,
    MyRibbonCommandFactoryConfiguration.OkHttpRibbonConfiguration.class,
    MyRibbonCommandFactoryConfiguration.HttpClientRibbonConfiguration.class })
@ConditionalOnBean(annotation=EnableZuulProxy.class)
public class MyZuulProxyAutoConfiguration extends MyZuulServerAutoConfiguration {
    //省略代碼,徹底拷貝自ZuulProxyAutoConfiguration
}

public class MyRibbonCommandFactoryConfiguration {
    //省略代碼,徹底拷貝自RibbonCommandFactoryConfiguration
}

這裏咱們稍做了一點修改網絡

@ConditionalOnBean(ZuulProxyMarkerConfiguration.Marker.class)
//替換成:
@ConditionalOnBean(annotation=EnableZuulProxy.class)

這樣作的目的主要是配合註解@EnableZuulProxy使用,只有開啓了此註解才加載配置類。咱們還替換ZuulController成咱們自定義的MyZuulController了,這裏是異步化的主要邏輯,其實也很是簡單,就是使用了serv3.0爲咱們提供的api來開啓異步化。萬事已經具有啦,咱們再次啓動zuul,訪問上面的url,輸出:app

==========線程名稱:zuul-async-1,訪問url:/book/book/borrow==========

哈哈,執行filter的線程變成咱們自定義的線程名稱了,達到了咱們的需求,servlet已經變成異步的了。

這是我對spring-cloud-zuul實現異步servlet的想法,記錄下來,可能不是最好的實現方式,若是您有更好的方法歡迎留言給我一塊兒探討下!

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