React Native升級到0.60.0之後,有了很明顯的變化,具體能夠參見React Native 0.60 新特性一覽。我的看來對於開發者來講有幾個明顯的變化要須要注意的:javascript
a.移除Lean Corehtml
WebView 和 NetInfo從React Native 的 repo 中遷移出來, WebView 和 NetInfo, 須要單獨安裝如下兩個庫react-native-webview,@react-native-community/netinfo,前端
b.Native Modules如今已自動連接java
React Native CLI 的團隊已經對稱爲autolinking的 native module 連接進行了重大改進!大多數場景再也不須要使用react-native link。與此同時,該團隊對整個連接過程進行了完全改革。確保使用react-native unlink來取消預先存在的依賴關係。也就是說,以前引用第三方原生庫的時候,通常狀況下再也不須要運行react-native linknode
c.默認使用CocoaPodsreact
首次初始化項目和安裝完第三方庫之後,通常狀況下須要用CocoaPods來完成iOS端的項目依賴,具體操做爲進行項目根目錄後執行:ios
cd ios && pod instal
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下面再詳細地介紹一下怎樣建立一個React Native0.60.X項目,而且引入TypeScript支持(筆者的電腦系統爲macOS 10.14.6, Xcode版本爲10.3),而後版本一步步地運行起來的。git
在終端依次運行如下命令:github
npm install -g yarn react-native-cli
react-native init AwesomeProject
cd AwesomeProject && npm i
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這裏用react-native init 初始化的項目已經默認將react-native的生成爲最新的發佈版本,若是想要從老版本切換到最新的版本,我的認爲這是最快捷的一種方式(筆者以前嘗試過其餘升級方式,但都由於各類衝突而最終放棄,最終是初始化新的項目,把原來的項目目錄再複製過來,而後再解決新老版本的差別問題)。web
另外值得提出的是,原來初始化項目以後,再執行 npm i安裝好相應的依賴以後,再運行react-native run-ios,等待一段時間以後,會在模擬器上運行起來官方的示例程序。但前面講過,0.60.0版本以後,默認使用 CocoaPods來安裝iOS依賴,且Native Modules如今已自動連接,此時若是直接運行行react-native run-ios,會直接報錯,在模擬器上看不到咱們預期的結果。 此時應該先用CocoaPods來安裝iOS端的依賴,進行工程根目錄,運行如下命令:
cd ios && pod install
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若是是第一次運行pod install,須要耐心等待片刻,直到出現如下截圖的內容,說明已經安裝好了iOS端的依賴。
而後再運行下以命令:
cd .. && react-native run-ios
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不出意外,最終會運行成功,而且在模擬器上看到以下預期的結果。
這裏有一點須要提醒一下,見上面用pod install安裝依賴成功以後截圖的最後幾行,下次若是要用xCode打開iOS項目時,應該直接雙擊打開AwesomeProject.xcworkspace而不是AwesomeProject.xcodeproj,不然在xCode運行調試和打包都會報錯。
首先依次安裝如下依賴包:
npm install typescript --save-dev
npm install react-native-typescript-transformer --save-dev
npm install @types/react --save-dev
npm install @types/react-native --save-dev
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再運行:
yarn tsc --init --pretty --jsx react
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這樣會在項目的根目錄生成tsconfig.json文件,按照官方的說法,要打開**"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true**這一行的註釋,tsconfig.json的主要內容以下:
{
"compilerOptions": {
/* Basic Options */
// "incremental": true, /* Enable incremental compilation */
"target": "ESNEXT", /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019' or 'ESNEXT'. */
"module": "commonjs", /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', or 'ESNext'. */
// "lib": [], /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */
"allowJs": true, /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
// "checkJs": true, /* Report errors in .js files. */
"jsx": "react", /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */
// "declaration": true, /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
// "declarationMap": true, /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
// "sourceMap": true, /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
// "outFile": "./", /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
// "outDir": "./", /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
// "rootDir": "./", /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
// "composite": true, /* Enable project compilation */
// "tsBuildInfoFile": "./", /* Specify file to store incremental compilation information */
// "removeComments": true, /* Do not emit comments to output. */
// "noEmit": true, /* Do not emit outputs. */
// "importHelpers": true, /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */
// "downlevelIteration": true, /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */
// "isolatedModules": true, /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */
/* Strict Type-Checking Options */
"strict": true, /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
// "noImplicitAny": true, /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
// "strictNullChecks": true, /* Enable strict null checks. */
// "strictFunctionTypes": true, /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
// "strictBindCallApply": true, /* Enable strict 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods on functions. */
// "strictPropertyInitialization": true, /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */
// "noImplicitThis": true, /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */
// "alwaysStrict": true, /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */
/* Additional Checks */
// "noUnusedLocals": true, /* Report errors on unused locals. */
// "noUnusedParameters": true, /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
// "noImplicitReturns": true, /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
// "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true, /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */
/* Module Resolution Options */
// "moduleResolution": "node", /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
// "baseUrl": "./", /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */
// "paths": {}, /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */
// "rootDirs": [], /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
// "typeRoots": [], /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
// "types": [], /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true, /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */
"esModuleInterop": true /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */
// "preserveSymlinks": true, /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */
// "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true, /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */
/* Source Map Options */
// "sourceRoot": "", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
// "mapRoot": "", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
// "inlineSourceMap": true, /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
// "inlineSources": true, /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */
/* Experimental Options */
// "experimentalDecorators": true, /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
// "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */
},
"exclude": ["node_modules", "babel.config.js", "metro.config.js", "jest.config.js"]
}
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而後再在項目根目錄下建立rn-cli.config.js文件,填寫如下內容:
module.exports = {
getTransformModulePath() {
return require.resolve('react-native-typescript-transformer');
},
getSourceExts() {
return ['ts', 'tsx'];
},
};
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這樣,React-Native項目支持TypeScript語法的主要配置就基本完成了。把項目根目錄下的index.js修改成index.ts, 把App.js修改成App.tsx, 而後再執行react-native run-ios在模擬器上運行程序,不出意外,能夠看到前端一樣的默認界面。 到這裏爲止,就已經建立好了React-Native 0.60.X最新版的默認初始化項目,而且已經配置好TypeScript語法支持。在後續的文章中會給你們一塊兒分享如何一步步建立簡單實用的APP,敬請期待吧!