JdbcTemplate詳解

一、JdbcTemplate操做數據庫 Spring對數據庫的操做在jdbc上面作了深層次的封裝,使用spring的注入功能,能夠把DataSource註冊到JdbcTemplate之中。同時,爲了支持對properties文件的支持,spring提供了相似於EL表達式的方式,把dataSource.properties的文件參數引入到參數配置之中,<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />。java

實例代碼以下: 提供數據源的相關配置信息:jdbc.properties driverClassName=org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/stanley?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 username=root password=123456 initialSize=1 maxActive=500 maxIdle=2 minIdle=1mysql

提供spring的配置文件,將jdbc.properties與JdbcTemplate粘合起來的配置文件:beans.xmlspring

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>sql

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">數據庫

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
     <property name="driverClassName" value="${driverClassName}"/>
     <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
     <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
     <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
        <!-- 鏈接池啓動時的初始值 -->
 <property name="initialSize" value="${initialSize}"/>
 <!-- 鏈接池的最大值 -->
 <property name="maxActive" value="${maxActive}"/>
 <!-- 最大空閒值.當通過一個高峯時間後,鏈接池能夠慢慢將已經用不到的鏈接慢慢釋放一部分,一直減小到maxIdle爲止 -->
 <property name="maxIdle" value="${maxIdle}"/>
 <!--    最小空閒值.當空閒的鏈接數少於閥值時,鏈接池就會預申請去一些鏈接,以避免洪峯來時來不及申請 -->
 <property name="minIdle" value="${minIdle}"/>
</bean>

<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean>express

aop:config <aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut" expression="execution(* cn.comp.service...(..))"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut"/> </aop:config> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager"> tx:attributes <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" propagation="NOT_SUPPORTED"/> <tx:method name="*"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice>apache

<bean id="personService" class="cn.comp.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> </beans>app

提供POJO的java類:Person.java public class Person { private Integer id; private String name;函數

public Person(){}this

public Person(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }

提供對Person的操做接口:PersonService.java public interface PersonService {

public void save(Person person);

public void update(Person person);

public Person getPerson(Integer personid);

public List<Person> getPersons();

public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception; }

提供對接口的實現類:PersonServiceBean.java public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService { private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) { this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); }

public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception{ jdbcTemplate.update("delete from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid}, new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}); }

public Person getPerson(Integer personid) {
return (Person)jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid}, new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}, new PersonRowMapper()); }

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public List<Person> getPersons() { return (List<Person>)jdbcTemplate.query("select * from person", new PersonRowMapper()); }

public void save(Person person) { jdbcTemplate.update("insert into person(name) values(?)", new Object[]{person.getName()}, new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR}); }

public void update(Person person) { jdbcTemplate.update("update person set name=? where id=?", new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getId()}, new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR, java.sql.Types.INTEGER}); } }

提供在查詢對象時,記錄的映射回調類:PersonRowMapper.java public class PersonRowMapper implements RowMapper {

public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int index) throws SQLException { Person person = new Person(rs.getString("name")); person.setId(rs.getInt("id")); return person; } }

【注意】:因爲dbcp的jar包對common-pool和commons-collections的jar包有依賴,全部須要把他們一塊兒引入到工程中。【 commons-dbcp-1.2.1.jar, commons-pool-1.2.jar, commons-collections-3.1.jar】, 參考文檔《JDBC高級部分》:http://tianya23.blog.51cto.com/1081650/270849

二、JdbcTemplate事務 事務的操做首先要經過配置文件,取得spring的支持, 再在java程序中顯示的使用@Transactional註解來使用事務操做。

在xml配置文件中增長對事務的支持: <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>

<bean id="personService" class="cn.comp.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean>

在java程序中顯示的指明是否須要事務,當出現運行期異常Exception或通常的異常Exception是否須要回滾 @Transactional public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService { private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) { this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); } // unchecked , // checked @Transactional(noRollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception{ jdbcTemplate.update("delete from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid}, new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}); throw new RuntimeException("運行期例外"); } @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED) public Person getPerson(Integer personid) {
return (Person)jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid}, new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}, new PersonRowMapper()); }

@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED) @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public List<Person> getPersons() { return (List<Person>)jdbcTemplate.query("select * from person", new PersonRowMapper()); }

public void save(Person person) { jdbcTemplate.update("insert into person(name) values(?)", new Object[]{person.getName()}, new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR}); }

public void update(Person person) { jdbcTemplate.update("update person set name=? where id=?", new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getId()}, new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR, java.sql.Types.INTEGER}); } } 在默認狀況下,Spring會對RuntimeException異常進行回滾操做,而對Exception異常不進行回滾。能夠顯示的什麼什麼樣的異常須要回滾,什麼樣的異常不須要回滾, 經過 @Transactional(noRollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)設置要求運行時異常不回滾 或者經過RollbackFor=Exception.class來要求須要捕獲的異常回滾。

【注意】Spring對數據庫的操做提供了強大的功能,好比RowMapper接口封裝數據庫字段與Java屬性的映射、查詢返回List的函數等,可是裏面還要寫一堆SQL語句仍是比較煩人的,在這部分建議使用ibatis或hibernate來代替, 不知道Spring後期的版本會不會把這個整合到裏面。

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