CentOS7 基礎環境搭建---製做系統模板

環境準備vmware workstation 11

硬件環境

處理器這裏開啓VT-x

 

實驗用的宿主機系統版本

CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1503-01.iso

[root@data-1-1 opt]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core) 
[root@data-1-1 opt]# uname -rm
3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 x86_64
[root@data-1-1 opt]# 

系統採用最小化安裝，安裝時爲了讓默認網卡名字爲eth0，安裝以前傳遞參數

按tab鍵後，末尾加入net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

這是經過編輯/etc/default/grub並加入「net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 」到GRUBCMDLINELINUX變量來實現的。

末尾加上vga=791  是爲了讓安裝是顯示分辨率高一點，便於顯示所有。不然虛擬機窗口可能顯示不全

關於分辨率參照表以下

 

 

系統安裝時的配置：

軟件包選擇：最小化安裝

添加中文語言支持

分區方案：boot分區500MB，swap分區4GB，其他全給根分區。採用標準分區格式，不使用lvm

取消KDUMP

點擊網卡，確認是否已是eth0

 

 安裝以後修改ip地址爲靜態的，同時刪除IPv6相關的行

[root@data-1-1 opt]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.145.131
GATEWAY=192.168.145.2
DNS1=192.168.145.2
[root@data-1-1 opt]# 

 

命令行執行下面，關閉selinux和防火牆，修改主機名，退出窗口從新登陸

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
echo 'alias cls="clear screen"'>>.bash_profile
echo "alias grep='grep --colour=auto'"  >>/etc/profile
sed  -i   's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g'   /etc/selinux/config
setenforce  0
hostnamectl set-hostname data-1-1

添加dns解析，能夠採用公網dns，也能夠採用公司內部dns

[root@data-1-1 ~]# ping www.baidu.com
ping: unknown host www.baidu.com
[root@data-1-1 ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf 
[root@data-1-1 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 
nameserver 10.0.1.11
[root@data-1-1 ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (115.239.211.112) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 115.239.211.112: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=4.81 ms

--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.816/4.816/4.816/0.000 ms
[root@data-1-1 ~]# 

安裝基礎軟件包

[root@data-1-1 ~]# yum install lsof vim screen mtr nc nmap lrzsz openssl-devel gcc glibc gcc-c++ make  zip dos2unix  mysql sysstat  wget  rsync   net-tools  dstat setuptool  system-config-*  iptables ntsysv mlocate telnet tree -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package screen-4.1.0-0.23.20120314git3c2946.el7_2.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 2:mtr-0.85-7.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 2:nmap-ncat-6.40-7.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 2:nmap-6.40-7.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-60.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-2.17-157.el7_3.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-c++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package dos2unix-6.0.3-4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package sysstat-10.1.5-11.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package wget-1.14-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package rsync-3.0.9-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package dstat-0.7.2-12.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package setuptool-1.19.11-8.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package system-config-keyboard-base-1.4.0-4.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-printer-udev-1.4.1-19.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package system-config-printer-libs-1.4.1-19.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-firewall-1.2.29-10.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-users-docs-1.0.9-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-printer-1.4.1-19.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package system-config-users-1.3.5-2.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-date-docs-1.0.11-4.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-firewall-base-1.2.29-10.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-keyboard-1.4.0-4.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-firewall-tui-1.2.29-10.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-language-1.4.0-7.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-kickstart-2.9.6-1.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-date-1.10.6-2.el7.centos.noarch already installed and latest version
Package system-config-kdump-2.0.13-15.el7.centos.noarch already installed and latest version
Package iptables-1.4.21-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package ntsysv-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@data-1-1 ~]# 

　　

mlocate包的做用能讓
centos7 使用updatedb和locate命令

基礎rpm包補充

[root@data-1-1 data]# yum install unzip zip chkconfig -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
Package unzip-6.0-16.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@data-1-1 data]# 

　　

 

安裝命令自動補全工具

CentOS7官方源默認已經包含bash-completion，直接安裝

yum -y install bash-completion

　　

centos6默認不帶這個包，須要經過epel源安裝 

默認狀況下，CentOS6官方源不包含bash-completion，須要從epel源中安裝。可直接安裝rpm包
# rpm -ivh https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/epel/6/x86_64/bash-completion-1.3-7.el6.noarch.rpm
或者安裝epel的repo源，經過yum安裝
# rpm -ivh https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install bash-completion

　　

安裝tcpdump，它是個抓包工具，有時候會用到
安裝psmisc包，安裝以後多了 fuser, killall,pstree等命令

yum install tcpdump -y
yum install psmisc -y

　

安裝時間同步工具

yum install ntpdate -y

　　

 

作時間同步

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
echo '*/15 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com &>/dev/null' >>/var/spool/cron/root