在咱們的平常工做中,常常會用到Spring、Spring Boot、Spring Cloud、Struts、Mybatis、Hibernate等開源框架,有了這些框架的誕生,平時的開發工做量也是變得愈來愈輕鬆,咱們用 Spring Boot
分分鐘能夠新建一個Web項目。java
記得本身剛開始工做的時候仍是在用Servlet
寫Web
項目,本身寫數據庫鏈接池,用原生JDBC
操做數據庫,好了不發散了。回到這篇文章的主題,今天經過手寫Spring框架,幫你們深刻了解一下Spring的工做機制,文中涉及的代碼只用來幫助你們理解Spring,不會在線上使用,有不嚴謹的地方還請你們掠過。git
com.mars.demo
和 com.mars.framework
,以便隨後只掃描業務代碼。servlet-api
包,僅供編譯器使用,全部配置 scope
爲 provided
。首先新建一個 HttpServlet 的實現類 MarsDispatcherServlet
,用來接收請求。web
public class MarsDispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//6. 處理請求
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
}
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<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Spring Mvc Education</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>marsmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.mars.framework.servlet.MarsDispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>application.properties</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>marsmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
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com.mars.framework.servlet.MarsDispatcherServlet
。load-on-startup
, 標記容器是否在啓動的時候就加載這個servlet(實例化並調用其init()方法)。servlet-mapping
, 將全部請求轉發到這個servlet處理。scanPackage=com.mars.demo
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這個比較好理解,僅配置了一項內容,意思是要掃描的包,隨後咱們會獲取這個值去加載容器。spring
這裏僅列舉兩個,其餘都大同小異,須要源碼的能夠去個人代碼倉庫fork。數據庫
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MarsController {
String value() default "";
}
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@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MarsRequestMapping {
String value() default "";
}
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先列出框架在初始化的時候都要作那些事情api
接下來咱們一步步完成上面的操做瀏覽器
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("===================");
//1.加載配置文件
doLoadConfig(config.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation"));
//2.掃描全部相關聯的類
doScanner(contextConfig.getProperty("scanPackage"));
//3.初始化全部相關聯的類,而且將其保存在IOC容器裏面
doInstance();
//4.執行依賴注入(把加了@Autowired註解的字段賦值)
doAutowired();
//Spring 和核心功能已經完成 IOC、DI
//5.構造HandlerMapping,將URL和Method進行關聯
initHandlerMapping();
System.out.println("Mars MVC framework initialized");
}
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private Properties contextConfig = new Properties();
private void doLoadConfig(String location) {
InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(location);
try {
contextConfig.load(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (inputStream != null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
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private void doScanner(String basePackage) {
//獲取要掃描包的url
URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("/" + basePackage.replaceAll("\\.", "/"));
File dir = new File(url.getFile());
//遍歷包下面全部文件
for(File file: dir.listFiles()) {
if(file.isDirectory()){
//遞歸掃描
doScanner(basePackage + "." + file.getName());
} else {
String className = basePackage + "." + file.getName().replace(".class", "");
classNames.add(className);
System.out.println(className);
}
}
}
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private void doInstance() {
if(classNames.isEmpty()) return;
for(String className: classNames) {
try {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
if(clazz.isAnnotationPresent(MarsController.class)) {
Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
String beanName = lowerFirstCase(clazz.getSimpleName());
ioc.put(beanName, instance);
} else if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(MarsService.class)) {
MarsService service = clazz.getAnnotation(MarsService.class);
//2.優先使用自定義命名
String beanName = service.value();
if("".equals(beanName.trim())) {
//1.默認使用類名首字母小寫
beanName = lowerFirstCase(clazz.getSimpleName());
}
Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
ioc.put(beanName, instance);
//3.自動類型匹配(例如:將實現類賦值給接口)
Class<?> [] interfaces = clazz.getInterfaces();
for(Class<?> inter: interfaces) {
ioc.put(inter.getName(), instance);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//利用ASCII碼的差值
private String lowerFirstCase(String str) {
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
chars[0] += 32;
return String.valueOf(chars);
}
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private void doAutowired() {
if(ioc.isEmpty()) return;
for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry: ioc.entrySet()) {
//注入的意思就是把全部的IOC容器中加了@Autowired註解的字段賦值
//包含私有字段
Field[] fields = entry.getValue().getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for(Field field : fields) {
//判斷是否加了@Autowired註解
if(!field.isAnnotationPresent(MarsAutowired.class)) continue;
MarsAutowired autowired = field.getAnnotation(MarsAutowired.class);
String beanName = autowired.value();
if("".equals(beanName)) {
beanName = field.getType().getName();
}
//若是這個字段是私有字段的話,那麼要強制訪問
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
field.set(entry.getValue(), ioc.get(beanName));
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
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private void initHandlerMapping() {
if(ioc.isEmpty()) return;
for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : ioc.entrySet()) {
Class<?> clazz = entry.getValue().getClass();
if(!clazz.isAnnotationPresent(MarsController.class)) continue;
String baseUrl = "";
if(clazz.isAnnotationPresent(MarsRequestMapping.class)) {
MarsRequestMapping requestMapping = clazz.getAnnotation(MarsRequestMapping.class);
baseUrl = requestMapping.value();
}
Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
for(Method method : methods) {
if(!method.isAnnotationPresent(MarsRequestMapping.class)) continue;
MarsRequestMapping requestMapping = method.getAnnotation(MarsRequestMapping.class);
String regex = requestMapping.value();
regex = (baseUrl + regex).replaceAll("/+", "/");
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex);
handlerMapping.add(new Handler(entry.getValue(), method, pattern));
System.out.println("Mapping: " + regex + "," + method.getName());
}
}
}
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新建一個Controllermvc
@MarsController
@MarsRequestMapping("/demo")
public class DemoApi {
@MarsAutowired
private DemoService demoService;
@MarsRequestMapping("/query")
public void query(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, @MarsRequestParam("name") String name) {
System.out.println("name: " + name);
String result = demoService.get(name);
try{
resp.getWriter().write(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@MarsRequestMapping("/add")
public void add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, @MarsRequestParam("a") Integer a, @MarsRequestParam("b") Integer b) {
try {
resp.getWriter().write(String.format("%d+%d=%d", a, b, (a+b)));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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提供兩個接口,一個經過請求名稱返回響應的介紹內容,另外一個將請求的兩個Integer相加並返回。app
建立一個Service框架
public interface DemoService {
String get(String name);
}
@MarsService
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
public String get(String name) {
return String.format("My name is %s.", name);
}
}
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咱們的項目運行在Jetty中,因此添加相關插件以及配置:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>7.1.6.v20100715</version>
<configuration>
<stopPort>9988</stopPort>
<stopKey>foo</stopKey>
<scanIntervalSeconds>5</scanIntervalSeconds>
<connectors>
<connector implementation="org.eclipse.jetty.server.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
<port>8080</port>
<maxIdleTime>60000</maxIdleTime>
</connector>
</connectors>
<webAppConfig>
<contextPath>/</contextPath>
</webAppConfig>
</configuration>
</plugin>
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點擊 jetty:run
運行項目
瀏覽器訪問: http://localhost:8080/demo/query?name=Mars
瀏覽器訪問:http://localhost:8080/demo/add?a=10&b=20
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