動態路由——OSPF高級配置實驗篇（四）

時間 2019-11-05

原文原文鏈接

搭建OSPF高級配置實驗

搭建拓撲圖

在GNS 3中拓撲區域添加6臺路由設別，其中一臺R6路由設備做爲網絡運營商提供的網絡設備路由，在R3路由設備中添加兩塊單口業務單板，分別用於鏈接外部網絡路由與PC機；添加四臺PC機與路由設備鏈接，其中PC3做爲網絡運營商的服務器設備，與R3路由設備相連。其中劃分三個區域area 0、area 2、RIP；分別路由設備與PC接口處標註網段信息，如圖所示：redis

網段劃分：

192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.0/24
192.168.30.0/24
192.168.40.0/24
192.168.50.0/24
192.168.60.0/24
192.168.70.0/24
12.0.0.0/24
13.0.0.0/24

Router ID 劃分：

R2：2.2.2.2
R3：3.3.3.3
R4：4.4.4.4

搭建實驗

一、首先在R1路由設備中添加網段地址，並設置將R1路由設備配置爲默認路由。服務器

R1#conf t                           //進入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int f0/0                 //進入f0/0接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0   //添加IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut               //開啓接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:01:10.451: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:01:11.451: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int f0/1              //進入f0/1接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0      //添加IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut               //開啓接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:01:44.735: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:01:45.735: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit                    //退出接口模式
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.20.2   //配置默認路由
R1(config)#do show ip route           //查看路由表    
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.20.2 to network 0.0.0.0

C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.20.2                    //配置成功

二、進入R2路由設備，配置接口地址，啓動OSPF協議，設置宣告Router ID、網段信息；設置靜態路由用於鏈接默認路由網段，最後在OSPF協議中注入直連網段信息與靜態相連的默認路由網段信息。網絡

R2#conf t                       //進入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int f0/0              //進入f0/0接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0    //添加IP地址
R2(config-if)#no shut            //開啓接口
R2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:11:10.515: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:11:11.515: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#int f0/1             //進入f0/1接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0   //添加IP地址
R2(config-if)#no shut            //開啓接口
R2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:11:49.983: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:11:50.983: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 1         //開啓ospf協議，進程號爲1
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2     //設置並宣告Router ID
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1    //在area 1區域中宣告網段信息
R2(config-router)#exit                //退出ospf協議
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.1   //配置靜態路由信息
R2(config)#router ospf 1          //進入ospf協議
R2(config-router)#redistribute connected subnets     //注入直連網段信息
R2(config-router)#redistribute static subnets         //注入默認路由網段信息
R2(config-router)#ex                                   //退出協議
R2(config)#do show ip route           //查看路由表信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S    192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.20.1                     //成功添加網段信息
C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

三、在R3路由設備中配置接口IP地址；配置默認路由鏈接外部網段；開啓OSPF協議，設置Router ID，並在區域中宣告網段，注入設置的外部默認路由網段信息。ide

R3#conf t                        //進入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int f0/0               //進入f0/0接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0      //添加IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut              //開啓接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:42:41.963: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:42:42.963: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int f0/1            //進入f0/1接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0        //添加IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut            //開啓接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:43:23.963: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:43:24.963: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int f1/0             //進入f1/0接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.0            //添加IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut               //開啓接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:44:01.631: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:44:02.631: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int f2/0               //進入f2/0接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.70.1 255.255.255.0             //添加IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut               //開啓接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:44:41.015: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet2/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:44:42.015: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet2/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#do show ip int b       //查看接口信息
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            192.168.30.2    YES manual up                    up      
FastEthernet0/1            192.168.40.1    YES manual up                    up      
FastEthernet1/0            12.0.0.1        YES manual up                    up      
FastEthernet2/0            192.168.70.1    YES manual up                    up        //成功添加網段 
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.0.0.2          //配置默認路由，鏈接外部網段
R3(config)#router ospf 1                               //開啓ospf協議，進程號爲1
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3                   //設置宣告Router ID
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1   //在area 1區域中宣告網段信息，注意子網掩碼寫反碼
R3(config-router)#
*Mar  1 00:47:50.531: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0    //在area 0區域中宣告網段信息，注意子網掩碼寫反碼
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.70.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#default-information originate          //將外部路由網段注入ospf協議中
R3(config-router)#ex                                     //退出
R3(config)#do show ip route                              //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 12.0.0.2 to network 0.0.0.0

C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:21, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O E2 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:21, FastEthernet0/0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C    192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 12.0.0.2                                  //成功添加網段

四、在R4路由設備添加接口IP地址，啓用RIP協議，啓用版本2，關閉路由自動彙總功能，宣告網段信息，最後注入OSPF協議，設置跳數爲5；啓用OSPF協議，設置Router ID，並在區域中宣告網段，注入RIP協議。學習

R4#conf t                       //進入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R4(config)#int f0/0              //進入f0/0接口
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0       //添加IP地址
R4(config-if)#no shut             //開啓接口
R4(config-if)# 
*Mar  1 01:03:22.375: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 01:03:23.375: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#int f0/1              //進入f0/1接口
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0           //添加IP地址
R4(config-if)#no shut             //開啓接口
R4(config-if)#
*Mar  1 01:03:57.519: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 01:03:58.519: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ex             //退出接口模式
R4(config)#router rip         //啓用RIP協議
R4(config-router)#version 2    //啓用版本2
R4(config-router)#no auto-summary      //關閉路由自動彙總功能
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0        //宣告網段    
R4(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 5   //注入ospf協議，設置條數爲5
R4(config-router)#ex                             //退出
R4(config)#router ospf 1             //開啓ospf協議，進程號爲1
R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4    //設置宣告Router ID
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0  //在area 0區域中宣告網段信息，注意子網掩碼寫反碼
R4(config-router)#
*Mar  1 01:10:09.027: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets    //注入RIP協議
R4(config-router)#ex                          //退出
R4(config)#do show ip route                   //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.40.1 to network 0.0.0.0

O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:30, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:30, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:30, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O    192.168.70.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:30, FastEthernet0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:30, FastEthernet0/0          //成功學習網段信息

五、在R5路由設備中添加接口IP地址，啓用RIP協議，並關閉自動彙總功能，宣告兩個網段。測試

R5#conf t                    //進入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R5(config)#int f0/0            //進入f0/0接口
R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0    //添加IP地址
R5(config-if)#no shut          //開啓接口
R5(config-if)#
*Mar  1 01:27:42.539: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 01:27:43.539: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R5(config-if)#int f0/1         //進入接口f0/1
R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0  //添加IP地址
R5(config-if)#no shut           //開啓接口
R5(config-if)#
*Mar  1 01:28:17.635: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 01:28:18.635: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R5(config-if)#router rip         //啓用RIP協議
R5(config-router)#version 2       //啓用版本2
R5(config-router)#no auto-summary  //關閉自動彙總功能
R5(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0    //宣告網段信息
R5(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0
R5(config-router)#ex                  //退出
R5(config)#do show ip route             //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.50.1 to network 0.0.0.0

R    192.168.30.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R    192.168.10.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
R    192.168.40.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
R    192.168.20.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R    192.168.70.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
R*   0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:26, FastEthernet0/0       //成功學習網段信息

六、在R6路由設備中添加接口IP地址，而後配置靜態路由。code

R6#conf t                  //進入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R6(config)#int f0/0        //進入f0/0接口
R6(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.2 255.255.255.0      //添加IP地址
R6(config-if)#no shut      //開啓接口
R6(config-if)#
*Mar  1 01:36:54.323: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 01:36:55.323: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R6(config-if)#int f0/1      //進入接口f0/1
R6(config-if)#ip add 13.0.0.1 255.255.255.0     //添加IP地址
R6(config-if)#no shut         //開啓接口
R6(config-if)#
*Mar  1 01:37:26.223: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 01:37:27.223: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R6(config-if)#ex            //退出模式
R6(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 12.0.0.1     //設置靜態路由
R6(config)#do show ip route           //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       13.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S    192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 12.0.0.1                       //網段添加成功

七、分別在PC機中添加IP地址，並測試網絡互通性。orm

PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1      //添加IP地址
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

PC2> ip 192.168.70.2 192.168.70.1      //添加IP地址
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.70.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.70.1

PC3> ip 13.0.0.2 13.0.0.1             //添加IP地址
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 13.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 13.0.0.1

P4> ip 192.168.60.2 192.168.60.1      //添加IP地址
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.60.1

PC1> ping 192.168.70.2                //測試PC1與PC2的互通性
192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=2 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=53.853 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=60.168 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=57.781 ms    //成功通訊

PC1> ping 13.0.0.2                   //測試PC1與PC3的互通性
13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=2 timeout
84 bytes from 13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=76.872 ms
84 bytes from 13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=83.919 ms
84 bytes from 13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=77.712 ms    //成功通訊

PC1> ping 192.168.60.2              //測試PC1與P4的互通性
192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=59 time=97.596 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=59 time=97.688 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=59 time=99.732 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=59 time=103.440 ms    //成功通訊

PC2> ping 13.0.0.2               //測試PC2與PC3的互通性    
13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=2 timeout
84 bytes from 13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=38.042 ms
84 bytes from 13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=37.842 ms
84 bytes from 13.0.0.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=62 time=40.034 ms    //成功通訊

PC2> ping 192.168.60.2            //測試PC2與P4的互通性
192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=2 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=56.783 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=63.372 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=53.795 ms    //成功通訊

PC3> ping 192.168.60.2            //測試PC3與P4的互通性
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=78.788 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=79.786 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=87.773 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=84.850 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=84.778 ms    //成功通訊