先構建一個基礎鏡像,添加repo的環境和編譯的環境,而centos鏡像就是初始的官方鏡像,後面構建php、nginx、mysql都使用該鏡像爲base image:php
[root@server myCentos]# cat Dockerfile #查看Dockerfile文件 # base image FROM centos # MAINTAINER MAINTAINER 381347268@qq.com # add epel and 163 yum RUN yum install wget epel-release -y \ && mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.back \ && wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo \ && wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo \ && yum clean all && yum makecache # Necessary packages RUN yum install -y wget gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel ntpdata crontabs # change timzone to Asia/Shanghai RUN cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
[root@server myCentos]# docker build -t centos:v1 . #構建鏡像取名爲centos:v1
[root@server myCentos]# docker images #構建完成後查看該鏡像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos v1 cca50f986518 About a minute ago 665MB
查看nginx和php的目錄結構:html
[root@server ~]# tree nginx nginx ├── Dockerfile ├── fastcgi_params ├── nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz ├── nginx.conf └── www.conf
[root@server ~]# tree php php ├── Dockerfile ├── libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz ├── php-5.6.35.tar.gz ├── php-fpm.conf.default └── php.ini-production
這裏詳細描述下nginx和php的構建過程,已經構建過程當中用到的全部工具包和配置文件node
首先構建nginx鏡像,查看nginx的Dockerfile:mysql
[root@server nginx]# cat Dockerfile # base image FROM centos:v1 MAINTAINER 381347268@qq.com RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin www ADD nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz /usr/local/src # install Dependency package RUN yum install libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt-devel WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.8.1 # make && make install RUN ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_spdy_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install # configure COPY nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf COPY fastcgi_params /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params RUN mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d COPY www.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/www.conf EXPOSE 80 CMD ["/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"]
這裏nginx採用了編譯安裝,建立了用戶www和安裝了nginx的一些依賴包,copy了一些配置文件到鏡像中。詳細配置文件參考:nginx
經過Dockerfile構建nginx鏡像:c++
[root@server nginx]# docker build -t nginx:v1 . #構建nginx鏡像,tag爲v1 [root@server nginx]# docker images #查看構建完成的鏡像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx v1 c1c90aaefa1e 33 seconds ago 752MB
centos v1 cca50f986518 2 hours ago 665MB
特別說明下配置文件:git
[root@server nginx]# cat www.conf server { listen 80; root /usr/local/nginx/html; index index.htm index.html index.php; location ~ \.php$ { root /usr/local/nginx/html; fastcgi_pass php:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } }
能夠發現fastcgi_pass php:9000;github
這是由於php也是一個容器,和nginx是隔離的,後面啓動容器的時候nginx將會經過--link的方式與鏡像進行互聯訪問sql
查看php的Dockerfile:docker
[root@server php]# cat Dockerfile # base image FROM centos:v1 MAINTAINER 381347268@qq.com ADD libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz /usr/local/src WORKDIR /usr/local/src/libmcrypt-2.5.8 RUN ./configure && make && make install ADD php-5.6.35.tar.gz /usr/local/src RUN yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libjpeg-turbo libjpeg-turbo-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel zlib zlib-devel libcurl libcurl-devel WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-5.6.35 RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-mcrypt --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-bz2 --with-gd && make && make install COPY php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini COPY php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin php RUN sed -i -e 's@;pid = run/php-fpm.pid@pid = run/php-fpm.pid@g' -e 's@nobody@php@g' -e 's@listen = 127.0.0.1:9000@listen = 0.0.0.0:9000@g' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf RUN sed -i 's@;daemonize = yes@daemonize = no@g' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf EXPOSE 9000 CMD ["/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm"]
構建的服務必須運行在前臺,而對於nginx來講:daemon off 表示將後臺運行關閉了,因而運行在前臺
而對於php:sed -i 's@;daemonize = yes@daemonize = no@g' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
這裏也是將daemon模式關閉了,因而/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm 運行在前臺
經過Dockerfile構建php鏡像:
[root@server php]# docker build -t php:v1 . #構建php鏡像,tag爲v1 [root@server php]# docker images #查看構建完成的鏡像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE php v1 2019612cc0a4 35 seconds ago 1.19GB
nginx v1 c1c90aaefa1e About an hour ago 752MB
centos v1 cca50f986518 2 hours ago 665M
利用構建的鏡像啓動php、nginx服務:
[root@server php]# docker run -d --name php -v /www:/usr/local/nginx/html php:v1 #啓動一個php容器並經過-v進行映射 cf77c85e7c2f63a7ac2db2edaa37d22418503e8cfa35d87b9cfad541d03e004a [root@server php]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 80:80 -v /www:/usr/local/nginx/html --link=php:php nginx:v1 #啓動一個nginx容器並經過-v進行映射及--link進行關聯php容器 3bbc12db8e9cc118a7824c5a314d13c4e37f3a6397f32bbfe939f9e424b306e0
上面啓動php的容器時,使用了-v進行映射,若是這裏不進行映射,那麼php的程序會啓動,可是遇到php結尾的文件將不會解析,出現file not found的錯誤
查看容器狀態:
[root@server php]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3bbc12db8e9c nginx:v1 "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 26 seconds ago Up 25 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx cf77c85e7c2f php:v1 "/usr/local/php/sbin…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 9000/tcp php
在宿主機上到網站目錄建立測試文件:
[root@server www]# tree . #查看網站目錄的結構 . ├── index.php └── test.html [root@server www]# cat index.php #查看index.php文件 <?php phpinfo() ?> [root@server www]# cat test.html #查看test.html文件 <h1>Hello Docker nginx-php</h1>
訪問測試:
進入到php容器查看hosts文件:
[root@server ~]# docker exec -it php /bin/bash #使用exec進入php容器 [root@cf77c85e7c2f php-5.6.35]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 172.17.0.2 cf77c85e7c2f
進入到nginx容器查看hosts文件:
[root@server ~]# docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash #使用exec進入nginx容器 [root@3bbc12db8e9c nginx-1.8.1]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 172.17.0.2 php cf77c85e7c2f 172.17.0.3 3bbc12db8e9c
能夠看到nginx的hosts文件中有一條php的解析,這就是爲何nginx可以和php進行通訊的原因(經過--link進行指定)
基於上面的步驟,nginx和php的鏈接就ok了,下面添加一個mysql 而後測試部署wordpress
查看mysql的目錄結構:
[root@server mysql]# tree . . ├── business.sql ├── Dockerfile ├── MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-client.rpm ├── MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-common.rpm ├── MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-compat.rpm ├── MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-server.rpm ├── server.cnf └── setup.sh
查看mysql的Dockerfile:
[root@server mysql]# cat Dockerfile FROM centos MAINTAINER 381347268@qq.com COPY MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-client.rpm /root/MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-client.rpm COPY MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-common.rpm /root/MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-common.rpm COPY MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-compat.rpm /root/MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-compat.rpm COPY MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-server.rpm /root/MariaDB-10.0.33-centos7-x86_64-server.rpm WORKDIR /root RUN yum remove mysql-libs -y RUN yum -y install *.rpm ADD business.sql /root/business.sql ADD server.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf ADD setup.sh /root/setup.sh RUN yum clean all RUN chmod +x /root/setup.sh EXPOSE 3306 CMD ["/root/setup.sh"]
(1)這裏所使用的基礎鏡像是centos(官方鏡像,latest);(2)配置文件經過後面啓動時掛載進去,(若是後面有更改,只須要在某個目錄建立好配置文件,而後進行掛載便可);(3)business.sql是關於執行的sql(賦予root密碼,建立數據庫等等);(4)setup.sh是執行了從新初始化mysql(mariadb),最後重啓了服務(使用了 --user=mysql,避免出現了使用root用戶啓動mariadb)
setup.sh腳本原理:Dockerfile用來安裝數據庫服務,安裝完成後,經過setup.sh腳本從新將mysql進行初始化 初始化後,開啓MySQL服務執行setup.sh中的sql,關閉mysql數據庫 從新之前臺的方式啓動MySQL數據庫服務
[root@server mysql]# cat setup.sh #!/bin/sh chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql mysql_install_db --user=mysql > /dev/null mysqld_safe --user=mysql & sleep 5 mysql < /root/business.sql sleep 5 ps -wef | grep mysql | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9 mysqld_safe --user=mysql
[root@server mysql]# cat business.sql create database wordpress DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8; USE mysql; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("root") WHERE user='root'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
[root@server mysql]# cat server.cnf [mysqld] bind-address=0.0.0.0 console=1 general_log=1 general_log_file=/dev/stdout collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci character-set-server=utf8
經過Dockerfile構建mysql鏡像:
[root@server mysql]# docker build -t mysql:v1 . #構建mysql鏡像
查看構建完成的鏡像:
[root@server mysql]# docker images #查看三個鏡像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql v1 4a3e428817c1 2 hours ago 813MB php v1 2019612cc0a4 3 hours ago 1.19GB nginx v1 c1c90aaefa1e 4 hours ago 752MB
基於上面的三個鏡像 nginx、mysql、php構建lnmp環境,咱們先將上面啓動的容器給刪除掉,由於沒有什麼用了
先啓動三個容器:
[root@server mysql]# docker run -d --name mysql -v /root/mysql/server.cnf:/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -p 3306:3306 mysql:v1 #啓動一個mysql容器 df28bcb97289676654ea7b573b0e3e52f910a599ff03b2dbf2dfe6345726127d [root@server mysql]# docker run -d --name php -v /www:/usr/local/nginx/html --link=mysql:mysql php:v1 #啓動一個php容器 2f7fd098f0069deeaef4eb5b067e981c6be01a16d0769c3bc4203eab03a45c40 [root@server mysql]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 80:80 -v /www:/usr/local/nginx/html --link=php:php nginx:v1 #啓動一個nginx容器 b68688cd6f2d324e58c469cfb49fa7a14257ef2bb0c301a40a36ef244201c159 [root@server mysql]# docker ps #查看啓動的三個容器的狀態 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b68688cd6f2d nginx:v1 "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx 2f7fd098f006 php:v1 "/usr/local/php/sbin…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 9000/tcp php df28bcb97289 mysql:v1 "/root/setup.sh" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql
這裏闡述下這裏啓動的這三個容器:(1)先啓動一個mysql容器, 而且將上面的server.cnf配置文件和數據目錄掛載到了容器內部,這樣就防止了數據的丟失;(2)接着啓動一個php容器,使用了-v進行映射,若是這裏不進行映射,那麼php的程序會啓動,可是遇到php結尾的文件將不會解析,出現file not found的錯誤,而且使用了 --link 與mysql 關聯,這樣php容器就能夠鏈接mysql數據庫了;(3)最後啓動一個nginx容器,一樣使用了-v 進行映射,將網站目錄映射到宿主機,經過 --link與php 關聯。
開始安裝wordpress:
[root@server ~]# cd /www/ [root@server www]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.tar.gz [root@server www]# tar xf wordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.tar.gz [root@server www]# ll 總用量 8324 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19 1月 11 12:27 index.php -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32 1月 11 12:04 test.html drwxr-xr-x 5 nobody nfsnobody 4096 4月 23 2017 wordpress -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8507412 4月 23 2017 wordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
經過瀏覽器訪問宿主機進行安裝:http://IP/wordpress
...省略...
進入到mysql容器查看hosts:
[root@server ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash #使用exec進入mysql容器 [root@df28bcb97289 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 172.17.0.2 df28bcb97289
進入到php容器查看hosts:
[root@server ~]# docker exec -it php /bin/bash #使用exec進入到php容器 [root@2f7fd098f006 php-5.6.35]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 172.17.0.2 mysql df28bcb97289 172.17.0.3 2f7fd098f006
進入到nginx容器查看hosts:
[root@server ~]# docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash #使用exec進入到nginx容器 [root@b68688cd6f2d nginx-1.8.1]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 172.17.0.3 php 2f7fd098f006 172.17.0.4 b68688cd6f2d
經過觀察能夠看見在php容器的hosts中有一條mysql的記錄,這也就是爲何安裝wordpress時後,咱們直接填寫mysql容器的名字變能夠鏈接了。同理,nginx中也有一條php的記錄。
相關軟件包及配置文件見GitHub :https://github.com/buji595/docker_project/tree/master/Dockerfile_Project/lnmp