LNMP = Linux + Ningx + Mysql + PHPjavascript
由Nginx取代apache,提供web服務;php
PHP做爲一個獨立服務存在而非apache的一個模塊,這個服務爲php-fpm;css
Nginx直接處理靜態請求,動態請求會轉發給php-fpm。html
Nginx在處理靜態文件的速率較Apache要快的多,這時二者的底層設計所決定的。同時Nginx能夠處理的併發訪問量也較Apache要大的多,畢竟Apache建立之初並無考慮到當今的高併發訪問量的規模會如此之大。Apache採用的是多進程的方式,對內存的要求會較高,並且有限制;Nginx採用多線程的方式,在內存消耗方面要比Apache好的多。java
Mysql安裝的方法與LAMP架構中一致node
可能缺乏的軟件包:mysql
[root@localhost src]# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper libaio-devel
具體操做以下:linux
[root@localhost src]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost src]# mv mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ [root@localhost mysql]# useradd mysql [root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /data
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf "修改[mysqld]內的2行便可 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql 保存退出"
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld "一樣要修改一下參數 basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysql"
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start
本人安裝過程當中報的一個錯(讀安裝過程報錯十分重要)nginx
... ./bin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/tmp/iboFQUc3' (Errcode: 30 - Read-only file system) ...
發現是我以前在tmp下掛載了磁盤鏡像,mysql_install_db腳本對/tmp目錄又有寫權限致使的錯誤。執行umount /tmp
後,腳本運行正常。c++
PHP的安裝的部分參數較LAMP不一樣
[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf php-5.6.30.tar.gz [root@localhost src]# cd php-5.6.30
[root@localhost src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# yum install -y epel-release [root@localhost php-5.6.30]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ libxml2-devel openssl-devel libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl [root@localhost php-5.6.30]# make && make install
php7版本已經取消--with-mysql參數,編譯安裝時該參數不寫,寫了會報錯
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini [root@localhost php-5.6.30]# cd /usr/local/php-fpm/etc [root@localhost etc]# vi php-fpm.conf [root@localhost etc]# cat php-fpm.conf [global] # 定義全局參數 pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] # 模塊名 listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock # 監聽socket #listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen.mode = 666 # 監聽是socket纔會生效 user = php-fpm # 定義用戶 group = php-fpm # 定義組 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024
# 啓動腳本模板文件在/usr/local/src/php-5.6.30/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm [root@localhost etc]# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.30 [root@localhost php-5.6.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@localhost php-5.6.30]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@localhost php-5.6.30]# chkconfig --add php-fpm [root@localhost php-5.6.30]# chkconfig --level 345 php-fpm on
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# service php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done
相對於LAMP中php安裝目錄,LNMP安裝的php多了一些文件、目錄
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# ls /usr/local/php-fpm/ bin etc include lib php sbin var [root@localhost php-5.6.30]# ls /usr/local/php-fpm/var/ log run # sbin目錄下是php-fpm啓動腳本 [root@localhost php-5.6.30]# ls /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/ php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.6.30]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -i | grep -i configure [19-Dec-2017 22:10:30] NOTICE: PHP message: PHP Warning: Unknown: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in Unknown on line 0 Configure Command => './configure' '--prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm' '--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc' '--enable-fpm' '--with-fpm-user=php-fpm' '--with-fpm-group=php-fpm' '--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql' '--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config' '--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/' '--with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock' '--with-libxml-dir' '--with-gd' '--with-jpeg-dir' '--with-png-dir' '--with-freetype-dir' '--with-iconv-dir' '--with-zlib-dir' '--with-mcrypt' '--enable-soap' '--enable-gd-native-ttf' '--enable-ftp' '--enable-mbstring' '--enable-exif' '--with-pear' '--with-curl' '--with-openssl'
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -m [PHP Modules] cgi-fcgi Core ctype curl date dom ereg exif fileinfo filter ...
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t [02-Jan-2018 21:43:03] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful
yum install -y libxml2-devel
yum install -y openssl-devel
yum install -y libcurl-devel
yum install -y libjpeg-devel
yum install -y libpng-devel
yum install -y freetype-devel
yum install -y epel-release yum install -y libmcrypt-devel
官網 nginx.org,由俄羅斯程序員開發的一種web服務器,小巧而強大。Ningx在處理靜態文件方便較apache更好,被更多國內外網站也採用。Ningx能夠經過外接模塊來擴展功能,這點與apache同樣。
Ningx不只能夠應用於web服務,一樣能夠用於反向代理服務以及負載均衡。
Nginx是一個開源的軟件,淘寶基於其開發的Tengine,在使用上與其一致,其內的服務名、配置文件等都一致,不一樣的是它添加了一些定製化的模塊,在安全限速方面的表現很好,另外還支持對js、css合併功能。
openresty:一個由Nginx核心+lua相關組件和模塊組成的支持lua的高性能web容器。
當前最新穩定版:http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src [root@localhost src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz --... 22:22:26-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz 正在解析主機 nginx.org (nginx.org)... 206.251.255.63, 95.211.80.227, 2606:7100:1:69::3f, ... 正在鏈接 nginx.org (nginx.org)|206.251.255.63|:80... 已鏈接。 已發出 HTTP 請求,正在等待迴應... 200 OK 長度:981687 (959K) [application/octet-stream] 正在保存至: 「nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz」 100%[============================>] 981,687 74.1KB/s 用時 9.3s ... 22:22:36 (103 KB/s) - 已保存 「nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz」 [981687/981687]) [root@localhost src]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd nginx-1.12.2 [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx [root@localhost src]# make && make install
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: - 30 21 # description: http service. # Source Function Library . /etc/init.d/functions # Nginx Settings NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" RETVAL=0 prog="Nginx" start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } restart() { stop start } configtest() { $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t return 0 } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; reload) reload ;; restart) restart ;; configtest) configtest ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}" RETVAL=1 esac exit $RETVAL
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig --add nginx [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig nginx on # 若是沒法直接使用nginx命令,則表示/etc/init.d不在PATH變量內,能夠經過修改/etc/profile來添加
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bak [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf user nobody nobody; worker_processes 2; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { use epoll; worker_connections 6000; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526; server_names_hash_max_size 4096; log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]' ' $host "$request_uri" $status' ' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 30; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; connection_pool_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 1k; large_client_header_buffers 8 4k; request_pool_size 4k; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp; proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp; fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 8k; gzip_comp_level 5; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /usr/local/nginx/html; location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; } } }
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx start Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ 肯定 ] [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep nginx root 1302 0.0 0.0 20500 628 ? Ss 21:40 0:00nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 1307 0.0 0.2 22944 3464 ? S 21:40 0:00nginx: worker process nobody 1308 0.0 0.2 22944 3212 ? S 21:40 0:00nginx: worker process root 2386 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/0 R+ 21:42 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
在配置自定義啓動腳本以前若是使用PREFIX/sbin/nginx啓動了腳本,那麼可能出現以下錯誤:
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# nginx start Starting nginx (via systemctl): Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. [失敗]
解決方法是使用PREFIX/sbin/nginx -s stop
先關閉nginx進程,而後使用自定義腳本啓動便可。