咱們爲何使用jQuery庫呢?緣由之一就在於咱們可使jQuery代碼在各類不一樣的瀏覽器和存在bug的瀏覽器上完美運行。javascript
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script> <script> // Different ways to achieve the Document Ready event // With jQuery $(document).ready(function(){ /* ... */}); // Short jQuery $(function(){ /* ... */}); // Without jQuery (doesn't work in older IE versions) document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){ // Your code goes here }); // The Trickshot (works everywhere): r(function(){ alert('DOM Ready!'); }) function r(f){/in/.test(document.readyState)?setTimeout('r('+f+')',9):f()} </script>
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script> <script> var route = { _routes : {}, // The routes will be stored here add : function(url, action){ this._routes[url] = action; }, run : function(){ jQuery.each(this._routes, function(pattern){ if(location.href.match(pattern)){ // "this" points to the function to be executed this(); } }); } } // Will execute only on this page: route.add('002.html', function(){ alert('Hello there!') }); route.add('products.html', function(){ alert("this won't be executed : (") }); // You can even use regex-es: route.add('.*.html', function(){ alert('This is using a regex!') }); route.run(); </script>
使用&&操做符的特色是若是操做符左邊的表達式是false,那麼它就不會再判斷操做符右邊的表達式了。因此:php
// Instead of writing this:
if($('#elem').length){ // do something } // You can write this: $('#elem').length && log("doing something");
下面舉幾個例子,咱們先寫一個id爲elem的div。js代碼以下:css
// First, cache the element into a variable:
var elem = $('#elem'); // Is this a div? elem.is('div') && log("it's a div"); // Does it have the bigbox class? elem.is('.bigbox') && log("it has the bigbox class!"); // Is it visible? (we are hiding it in this example) elem.is(':not(:visible)') && log("it is hidden!"); // Animating elem.animate({'width':200},1); // is it animated? elem.is(':animated') && log("it is animated!");
其中判斷是否爲動畫我以爲很是不錯。html
經過使用$(「*」).length();方法能夠判斷網頁的元素數量。java
// How many elements does your page have?
log('This page has ' + $('*').length + ' elements!');
/ Old way
log($('#elem').length == 1 ? "exists!" : "doesn't exist!"); // Trickshot: jQuery.fn.exists = function(){ return this.length > 0; } log($('#elem').exists() ? "exists!" : "doesn't exist!");
// Select an element. The second argument is context to limit the search
// You can use a selector, jQuery object or dom element $('li','#firstList').each(function(){ log($(this).html()); }); log('-----'); // Create an element. The second argument is an // object with jQuery methods to be called var div = $('<div>',{ "class": "bigBlue", "css": { "background-color":"purple" }, "width" : 20, "height": 20, "animate" : { // You can use any jQuery method as a property! "width": 200, "height":50 } }); div.appendTo('#result');
這裏用到了hostname屬性。jquery
<ul id="links"> <li><a href="007.html">The previous tip</a></li> <li><a href="./009.html">The next tip</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a></li> </ul> // Loop through all the links $('#links a').each(function(){ if(this.hostname != location.hostname){ // The link is external $(this).append('<img src="assets/img/external.png" />') .attr('target','_blank'); } });
<ul id="meals"> <li> <ul class="breakfast"> <li class="eggs">No</li> <li class="toast">No</li> <li class="juice">No</li> </ul> </li> </ul> // Here is how it is used: var breakfast = $('#meals .breakfast'); breakfast.find('.eggs').text('Yes') .end() // back to breakfast .find('.toast').text('Yes') .end() .find('.juice').toggleClass('juice coffee').text('Yes'); breakfast.find('li').each(function(){ log(this.className + ': ' + this.textContent) });
<script> // Prevent right clicking on this page $(function(){ $(document).on("contextmenu",function(e){ e.preventDefault(); }); }); </script>
// Here is how it is used: if(window != window.top){ window.top.location = window.location; } else{ alert('This page is not displayed in a frame. Open 011.html to see it in action.'); }
// Make the stylesheet visible and editable
$('#regular-style-block').css({'display':'block', 'white-space':'pre'}) .attr('contentEditable',true);
這樣便可改變內聯樣式了。web
<p class="descr">In certain situations you might want to prevent text on the page from being selectable. Try selecting this text and hit view source to see how it is done.</p> <script> // Prevent text from being selected $(function(){ $('p.descr').attr('unselectable', 'on') .css('user-select', 'none') .on('selectstart', false); }); </script>
這樣,內容就不能被選擇啦。ajax
下面會介紹四種不一樣的方法。正則表達式
<!-- Case 1 - requesting jQuery from the official CDN -->
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script> <!-- Case 2 - requesting jQuery from Google's CDN (notice the protocol) --> <!-- <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script> --> <!-- Case 3 - requesting the latest minor 1.8.x version (only cached for an hour) --> <!-- <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10/jquery.min.js"></script> --> <!-- Case 4 - requesting the absolute latest jQuery version (use with caution) --> <!-- <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery.min.js"></script> -->
咱們知道js操做DOM是很是浪費資源的,咱們能夠看看下面的例子。json
CODE
// Bad
//var elem = $('#elem'); //for(var i = 0; i < 100; i++){ // elem.append('<li>element '+i+'</li>'); //} // Good var elem = $('#elem'), arr = []; for(var i = 0; i < 100; i++){ arr.push('<li>element '+i+'</li>'); } elem.append(arr.join(''));
也許你會使用正則表達式來解析URL,但這絕對不是一種好的方法,咱們能夠借用a標籤來實現它。
// You want to parse this address into parts:
var url = 'http://tutorialzine.com/books/jquery-trickshots?trick=12#comments';
// The trickshot: var a = $('<a>',{ href: url }); log('Host name: ' + a.prop('hostname')); log('Path: ' + a.prop('pathname')); log('Query: ' + a.prop('search')); log('Protocol: ' + a.prop('protocol')); log('Hash: ' + a.prop('hash'));
jQuery揹負的太多,這即是緣由,你能夠用通常的js。
// Print the IDs of all LI items
$('#colors li').each(function(){ // Access the ID directly, instead // of using jQuery's $(this).attr('id') log(this.id); });
// Let's try some benchmarks!
var iterations = 10000, i; timer('Fancy'); for(i=0; i < iterations; i++){ // This falls back to a SLOW JavaScript dom traversal $('#peanutButter div:first'); } timer_result('Fancy'); timer('Parent-child'); for(i=0; i < iterations; i++){ // Better, but still slow $('#peanutButter div'); } timer_result('Parent-child'); timer('Parent-child by class'); for(i=0; i < iterations; i++){ // Some browsers are a bit faster on this one $('#peanutButter .jellyTime')
// Bad:
// $('#pancakes li').eq(0).remove(); // $('#pancakes li').eq(1).remove(); // $('#pancakes li').eq(2).remove(); // Good: var pancakes = $('#pancakes li'); pancakes.eq(0).remove(); pancakes.eq(1).remove(); pancakes.eq(2).remove(); // Alternatively: // pancakes.eq(0).remove().end() // .eq(1).remove().end() // .eq(2).remove().end();
若是你追求代碼的更高性能,那麼當你設置事件監聽程序時必須當心,只定義一次函數而後把它的名字做爲事件處理程序傳遞是不錯的方法。
$(document).ready(function(){ function showMenu(){ alert('Showing menu!'); // Doing something complex here } $('#menuButton').click(showMenu); $('#menuLink').click(showMenu); });
因爲jQuery對象有index值和長度,因此這意味着咱們能夠把對象看成普通的數組對待。這樣也會有更好地性能。
var arr = $('li'), iterations = 100000; timer('Native Loop'); for(var z=0;z<iterations;z++){ var length = arr.length; for(var i=0; i < length; i++){ arr[i]; } } timer_result('Native Loop'); timer('jQuery Each'); for(z=0;z<iterations;z++){ arr.each(function(i, val) { this; }); } timer_result('jQuery Each');
修改一個dom元素要求網頁重繪,這個代價是高昂的,因此若是你想要再提升性能,就能夠嘗試着當對一個元素進行大量修改時先從頁面中分離這個元素,修改完以後再添加到頁面。
// Modifying in place
var elem = $('#elem'); timer('In place'); for(i=0; i < iterations; i++){ elem.width(Math.round(100*Math.random())); elem.height(Math.round(100*Math.random())); } timer_result('In place'); var parent = elem.parent(); // Detaching first timer('Detached'); elem.detach(); for(i=0; i < iterations; i++){ elem.width(Math.round(100*Math.random())); elem.height(Math.round(100*Math.random())); } elem.appendTo(parent); timer_result('Detached');
咱們已經習慣了把咱們全部的代碼都放在ready的事件處理程序中,可是,若是你的html頁面很龐大,decument ready恐怕會被延遲了,因此對於一些咱們不但願ready後才能夠觸發的事件能夠放在html的head元素中。
<script> // jQuery is loaded at this point. We can use // event delegation right away to bind events // even before $(document).ready: $(document).on('click', '#clickMe', function(){ alert('Hit view source and see how this is made'); }); $(document).ready(function(){ // This is where you would usually bind event handlers, // but as we are using delegation, there is no need to. // $('#clickMe').click(function(){ alert('Hey!'); }); }); // Note: You should place your script tags at the bottom of the page. // I have included them in the head only to demonstrate that we can bind // events before document ready and before the elements are created. </script>
咱們以前提到過,操做dom是很是慢的,因此當添加多個元素的樣式時建立一個style元素並添加到document中是更好的作法。
<ul id="testList"> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> </ul> var style = $('<style>'); // Try commenting out this line, or change the color: style.text('#testList li{ color:red;}'); // Placing it before the result section so it affects the elements style.prependTo('#result');
現代的web apps很是的依賴js,這裏的一個技巧就是隻有當js可用時才能顯示特定的元素。看下面的代碼。
$(document).ready(function(){ $('html').addClass('JS'); }); html.JS #message { display:block; } #message {display:none;}
這樣,只有js可用的時候id爲message的元素纔會顯示;若是不支持js,則該元素不會顯示。
jQuery擁有一個先進的事件處理機制,經過on()方法能夠監聽還不存在的事件。 這是由於on方法能夠傳遞一個元素的子元素選擇器做爲參數。看下面的例子:
<ul id="testList"> <li>Old</li> <li>Old</li> <li>Old</li> <li>Old</li> </ul>
var list = $('#testList'); // Binding an event on the list, but listening for events on the li items: list.on('click','li',function(){ $(this).remove(); }); // This allows us to create li elements at a later time, // while keeping the functionality in the event listener list.append('<li>New item (click me!)</li>');
這樣,即便li是後建立的,也能夠經過on()方法來監聽。
有時,咱們只須要綁定只運行一次的事件處理程序。那麼one()方法是一個不錯的選擇,經過它你就能夠高枕無憂了。
<button id="press">Press me!</ul> var press = $('#press'); // There is a method that does exactly that, the one(): press.one('click',function(){ alert('This alert will pop up only once'); }); // What this method does, is call on() behind the scenes, // with a 1 as the last argument: // press.on('click',null,null,function(){alert('I am the one and only!');}, 1);
咱們能夠經過使用trigger模擬觸發一個click事件。
<button id="press">Press me!</ul> var press = $('#press'); // Just a regular event listener: press.on('click',function(e, how){ how = how || ''; alert('The buton was clicked ' + how + '!'); }); // Trigger the click event press.trigger('click'); // Trigger it with an argument press.trigger('click',['fast']);
使用觸摸事件和相關的鼠標事件並無太多不一樣,可是你得有一個方便的移動設備來測試會更好。看下面這個例子。
// Define some variables
var ball = $('<div id="ball"></div>').appendTo('body'), startPosition = {}, elementPosition = {}; // Listen for mouse and touch events ball.on('mousedown touchstart',function(e){ e.preventDefault(); // Normalizing the touch event object e = (e.originalEvent.touches) ? e.originalEvent.touches[0] : e; // Recording current positions startPosition = {x: e.pageX, y: e.pageY}; elementPosition = {x: ball.offset().left, y: ball.offset().top}; // These event listeners will be removed later ball.on('mousemove.rem touchmove.rem',function(e){ e = (e.originalEvent.touches) ? e.originalEvent.touches[0] : e; ball.css({ top:elementPosition.y + (e.pageY - startPosition.y), left: elementPosition.x + (e.pageX - startPosition.x), }); }); }); ball.on('mouseup touchend',function(){ // Removing the heavy *move listeners ball.off('.rem'); });
在jQuery1.7版本時對事件處理進行了簡化,看看下面的例子吧。
<div id="holder"> <button id="button1">1</button> <button id="button2">2</button> <button id="button3">3</button> <button id="button4">4</button> <button id="clear" style="float: right;">Clear</button> </div> // Lets cache some selectors var button1 = $('#button1'), button2 = $('#button2'), button3 = $('#button3'), button4 = $('#button4'), clear = $('#clear'), holder = $('#holder'); // Case 1: Direct event handling button1.on('click',function(){ log('Click'); }); // Case 2: Direct event handling of multiple events button2.on('mouseenter mouseleave',function(){ log('In/Out'); }); // Case 3: Data passing button3.on('click', Math.round(Math.random()*20), function(e){ // This will print the same number over and over again, // as the random number above is generated only once: log('Random number: ' + e.data); }); // Case 4: Events with a namespace button4.on('click.temp', function(e){ log('Temp event!'); }); button2.on('click.temp', function(e){ log('Temp event!'); }); // Case 5: Using event delegation $('#holder').on('click', '#clear', function(){ log.clear(); }); // Case 6: Passing an event map var t; // timer clear.on({ 'mousedown':function(){ t = new Date(); }, 'mouseup':function(){ if(new Date() - t > 1000){ // The button has been held pressed // for more than a second. Turn off // the temp events $('button').off('.temp'); alert('The .temp events were cleared!'); } } });
咱們知道js中可使用preventDefault()方法來阻止默認行爲,可是jQuery對此提供了更簡單的方法。以下:
<a href="http://google.com/" id="goToGoogle">Go To Google</a> $('#goToGoogle').click(false);
對一個元素綁定多個事件處理程序並不常見,而使用event.result更能夠將多個事件處理程序聯繫起來。看下面的例子。
<button id="press">點擊</button> <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script> <script> var press = $('#press'); press.on('click',function(){ return 'Hip'; }); // The second event listener has access // to what was returned from the first press.on('click',function(e){ console.log(e.result + ' Hop!'); }); </script>
這樣,控制檯會輸出Hip Hop!
你可使用on()方法建立本身喜歡的事件名稱,而後經過trigger來觸發。舉例以下:
<button id="button1">Jump</button> <button id="button2">Punch</button> <button id="button3">Click</button> <button id="clear" style="float: right;">Clear</button> <div id="eventDiv"></div> <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script> <script> var button1 = $('#button1'), button2 = $('#button2'), button3 = $('#button3'), clear = $('#clear'), div = $('#eventDiv'); div.on({ jump : function(){ alert('Jumped!'); }, punch : function(e,data){ alert('Punched '+data+'!'); }, click : function(){ alert('Simulated click!'); } }); button1.click(function(){ div.trigger('jump'); }); button2.click(function(){ // Pass data along with the event div.trigger('punch',['hard']); }); button3.click(function(){ div.trigger('click'); }); clear.click(function(){ //some clear code }); </script>
你知道如何在不下載一個文件的狀況下經過發送一個ajax請求頭獲得一個文件的大小嗎? 使用jQuery就很容易。
<a href="001.html" class="fetchSize">First Trickshot</a> <br /> <a href="034.html" class="fetchSize">This Trickshot</a> <br /> <a href="assets/img/ball.png" class="fetchSize">Ball.png</a> <br /> // Loop all .fetchSize links $('a.fetchSize').each(function(){ // Issue an AJAX HEAD request for each one var link = this; $.ajax({ type : 'HEAD', url : link.href, complete : function(xhr){ // Append the filesize to each $(link).append(' (' + humanize(xhr.getResponseHeader('Content-Length')) + ')'); } }); }); function humanize(size){ var units = ['bytes','KB','MB','GB','TB','PB']; var ord = Math.floor( Math.log(size) / Math.log(1024) ); ord = Math.min( Math.max(0,ord), units.length-1); var s = Math.round((size / Math.pow(1024,ord))*100)/100; return s + ' ' + units[ord]; }
注意:這個例子如何咱們直接使用瀏覽器是無法獲得的,必須使用本地的web服務器打開運行才能夠。
延遲(deferreds)是一個強大的工具。jQuery對於每個Ajax請求都會返回一個deferred對象。 deferred.done()
方法接受一個或多個參數,全部這些都參數能夠是一個單一的函數或一個函數數組。當Deferred(延遲)解決時,doneCallbacks被調用。回調是依照他們添加的順序執行。一旦deferred.done()
返回Deferred(延遲)對象,Deferred(延遲)能夠連接其它的延遲對象,包括增長額外的.done()
方法。下面這樣就會使你的代碼更易讀:
// This is equivalent to passing a callback as the
// second argument (executed on success): $.get('assets/misc/1.json').done(function(r){ log(r.message); }); // Requesting a file that does not exist. This will trigger // the failure response. To handle it, you would normally have to // use the full $.ajax method and pass it as a failure callback, // but with deferreds you can can simply use the fail method: $.get('assets/misc/non-existing.json').fail(function(r){ log('Oops! The second ajax request was "' + r.statusText + '" (error ' + r.status + ')!'); });
當咱們須要發送多個Ajax請求是,相反於等待一個發送結束再發送下一個,咱們能夠平行地發送來加速Ajax請求發送。
// The trick is in the $.when() function:
$.when($.get('assets/misc/1.json'), $.get('assets/misc/2.json')).then(function(r1, r2){ log(r1[0].message + " " + r2[0].message); });
咱們不只能夠在電腦上ping到一個網站的ip,也能夠經過jQuery獲得。
$.get('http://jsonip.com/', function(r){ log(r.ip); }); // For older browsers, which don't support CORS // $.getJSON('http://jsonip.com/?callback=?', function(r){ log(r.ip); });
jQuery(使用ajax)提供了一個速記的方法來快速下載內容並添加在一個元素中。
<p class="content"></p> <p class="content"></p> var contentDivs = $('.content'); // Fetch the contents of a text file: contentDivs.eq(0).load('1.txt'); // Fetch the contents of a HTML file, and display a specific element: contentDivs.eq(1).load('1.html #header');
jQuery提供了一個方法序列化表單值和通常的對象成爲URL編碼文本字符串。這樣,咱們就能夠把序列化的值傳給ajax()做爲url的參數,輕鬆使用ajax()提交表單了。
<form action="">
First name: <input type="text" name="FirstName" value="Bill" /><br /> Last name: <input type="text" name="LastName" value="Gates" /><br /> </form> // Turn all form fields into a URL friendly key/value string. // This can be passed as argument of AJAX requests, or URLs. $(document).ready(function(){ console.log($("form").serialize()); // FirstName=Bill&LastName=Gates }); // You can also encode your own objects with the $.param method: log($.param({'pet':'cat', 'name':'snowbell'}));