GTID實現主從複製數據同步node
GTID是一個基於原始mysql服務器生成的一個已經被成功執行的全局事務ID,它由服務器ID以及事務ID組成,這個全局事務ID不只僅在原始服務器上惟一,在全部主從關係的mysql服務器上也是惟一的。正式由於這樣一個特性使得mysql主從複製變得更加簡單,以及數據庫一致性更可靠。mysql
介紹sql
GTID的概念數據庫
GTID的組成vim
GTID = server_uuid:transaction_id安全
server_uuid:mysql服務器的惟一標識,查看方法mysql客戶端內:show variables like '%server_uuid%';bash
transaction_id:此id是當前服務器中提交事務的一個序列號,從1開始自增加,一個數值對應一個事務服務器
GTID號示例:c9fba9e2-db3b-11eb-81d4-000c298d8da1:1-5session
GTID的優點架構
GTID工做原理
開始配置GTID複製
主:192.168.152.253 Centos7
從:192.168.152.252 Centos8
測試數據庫:vfan
測試表:student
一、修改mysql服務配置文件,添加如下參數,隨後重啓:
server-id=100 #server id log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin #開啓binlog並指定存儲位置 expire_logs_days=10 #日誌保存時間爲10天 gtid_mode=on #gtid模塊開關 enforce_gtid_consistency=on #啓動GTID強一致性,開啓gtid模塊必須開啓此功能。 binlog_format=row #bin_log日誌格式,共有三種STATEMENT、ROW、MIXED;默認爲STATEMENT skip_slave_start=1 #防止複製隨着mysql啓動而自動啓動
主服務器和從服務器的配置一致便可,server-id更改一下
二、在主服務器中建立從服務器鏈接的用戶
CREATE USER 'copy'@'192.168.152.252' IDENTIFIED BY 'copy'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'copy'@'192.168.152.252'; flush privileges;
建立完畢記得要測試下slave機是否能登陸成功
三、使用mysqldump使兩數據庫數據同步
主mysql執行: mysqldump -uroot -proot1 vfan > dump2.sql scp dump2.sql 192.168.152.252:/data/ 從mysql執行: mysql> source /data/dump2.sql
當前主、從服務器數據內容一致,都是如下數據:
mysql> select * from student; +----+------+-----+
| id | name | age |
+----+------+-----+
| 1 | Tony | 18 |
| 2 | Any | 17 |
| 3 | Goy | 20 |
| 4 | Baly | 18 |
| 5 | Heg | 19 |
| 6 | hhh | 100 |
| 7 | lll | 99 |
+----+------+-----+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
四、開啓主從複製
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.152.253',MASTER_USER='copy',MASTER_PASSWORD='copy',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) ## 查看slave狀態 mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.152.253 Master_User: copy Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 897 Relay_Log_File: kubenode2-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 416 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
五、檢查是否同步
主服務器中插入數據: mysql> INSERT INTO student(name,age) VALUES('gogoo',50),('zhazha',25); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 從服務器中讀取: mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+-----+
| id | name | age |
+----+--------+-----+
| 1 | Tony | 18 |
| 2 | Any | 17 |
| 3 | Goy | 20 |
| 4 | Baly | 18 |
| 5 | Heg | 19 |
| 6 | hhh | 100 |
| 7 | lll | 99 |
| 8 | gogoo | 50 |
| 9 | zhazha | 25 |
+----+--------+-----+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
數據已經同步,基礎的主從複製已經搭建完成
如今模擬一個主從複製架構中,從服務器中途複製失敗,再也不同步主服務器的場景,並要求不停業務進行數據同步修復,恢復一致。
一、首先先模擬一個數據插入的場景
vim insert.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash values=(`find /usr/ -type d | awk -F '/' '{print $NF}' | sort -u`) while true
do age=$(( $RANDOM%100 )) name=${values[$(( $RANDOM%6 ))]} mysql -h127.1 -P3306 -uroot -proot1 -e "INSERT INTO vfan.student(name,age) VALUES('"${name}"',${age});" &> /dev/null
sleep $(( $RANDOM%5 )) done
運行腳本,數據在隨機插入(插入時間間隔 < 5s)
目前主mysql數據:
mysql> select * from student; +----+---------------------+-----+
| id | name | age | ...... | 97 | _ | 2 |
| 98 | 00bash | 15 |
| 99 | 00bash | 52 |
| 100 | 00bash | 43 |
| 101 | _ | 65 |
| 102 | 00 | 67 |
+-----+---------------------+-----+
102 rows in set (0.01 sec)
二、數據還在陸續插入,此時模擬slave節點宕機或異常(在此就直接stop slave;)
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
三、此時主庫數據還在增長,而從庫已經不一樣步,如下是從庫數據:
mysql> select * from student; +----+---------------------+-----+
| id | name | age | ...... | 82 | 00bash | 50 |
| 83 | 00systemd-bootchart | 36 |
| 84 | 00bash | 48 |
| 85 | 00systemd-bootchart | 41 |
| 86 | 00 | 72 |
+----+---------------------+-----+
86 rows in set (0.00 sec)
四、開始從庫恢復數據
思路:
先經過mysqldump全量備份當前的數據,因爲不能影響業務,因此在mysqldump數據時不能形成鎖表。要保持數據寫入
因爲mysqldump時數據還在寫入,因此有一部分數據仍是會同步不全,因此導入mysqldump的數據後,跳過dump中包含的GTID事務,再從新創建一次主從配置,開啓slave線程,恢復數據並同步。
(1)mysqldump不鎖表備份數據
mysqldump -uroot -proot1 --single-transaction --master-data=2 -R vfan | gzip > dump4.sql
主要起做用參數:--single-transaction
(2)查看當前mysqldump導出數據的GTID號
[root@TestCentos7 data]# grep GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED dump4.sql SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED=/*!80000 '+'*/ 'c9fba9e2-db3b-11eb-81d4-000c298d8da1:1-228';
以上的 c9fba9e2-db3b-11eb-81d4-000c298d8da1:1-228 表示MASTER機執行到的GTID事務號
(3)去從數據庫導入
scp dump4.sql 192.168.152.252:/data mysql客戶端內: mysql> source /data/dump4.sql 此時從庫數據: mysql> select * from student; | 230 | 00 | 53 |
| 231 | 00bash | 66 |
| 232 | _ | 18 |
| 233 | 0.33.0 | 98 |
| 234 | 00bash | 14 |
+-----+---------------------+-----+
234 rows in set (0.00 sec) 主庫數據: | 454 | _ | 46 |
| 455 | 03modsign | 59 |
| 456 | 00systemd-bootchart | 77 |
| 457 | 03modsign | 6 |
| 458 | 0.33.0 | 88 |
+-----+---------------------+-----+
458 rows in set (0.00 sec)
從庫數據恢復一部分到234行,主庫數據依然在增長,已是458條
(4)因爲咱們mysqldump的數據已經包含了在MASTER執行的 1-228 個事務,因此咱們在SLAVE進行同步的時候,要忽略這些事務再也不進行同步,否則會出現相似於這種報錯:
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.152.253 Master_User: copy Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 137827 Relay_Log_File: kubenode2-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 417 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Last_Errno: 1062 Last_Error: Could not execute Write_rows event on table vfan.student; Duplicate entry '87' for key 'student.PRIMARY', Error_code: 1062; handler error HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY; the event's master log mysql-bin.000002, end_log_pos 10588
要想跳過某些GTID,SLAVE必須保證 gtid_purged 參數爲空才能正確跳過,查看當前的gtid_purged:
mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%'; +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | ON |
| enforce_gtid_consistency | ON |
| gtid_executed | b30cb2ff-32d4-11eb-a447-000c292826bc:1-2, c9fba9e2-db3b-11eb-81d4-000c298d8da1:1-80 |
| gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000 |
| gtid_mode | ON |
| gtid_owned | |
| gtid_purged | c9fba9e2-db3b-11eb-81d4-000c298d8da1:1-70 |
| session_track_gtids | OFF |
+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)
當前gtid_purged不爲空,因此咱們要先設置它爲空,執行:
mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%'; +----------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------+-------+
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | ON |
| enforce_gtid_consistency | ON |
| gtid_executed | |
| gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000 |
| gtid_mode | ON |
| gtid_owned | |
| gtid_purged | |
| session_track_gtids | OFF |
+----------------------------------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(5)gtid_purged爲空後,開始重置SLAVE
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> reset slave all; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
(6)重置後,設置跳過的GTID,並從新同步MASTER
mysql> SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='c9fba9e2-db3b-11eb-81d4-000c298d8da1:1-228'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.152.253',MASTER_USER='copy',MASTER_PASSWORD='copy',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)
(7)開啓SLAVE進程,查看同步狀態
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.152.253 Master_User: copy Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 137827 Relay_Log_File: kubenode2-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 84993 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 137827 Relay_Log_Space: 85206 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 100 Master_UUID: c9fba9e2-db3b-11eb-81d4-000c298d8da1 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: c9fba9e2-db3b-11eb-81d4-000c298d8da1:229-519 Executed_Gtid_Set: c9fba9e2-db3b-11eb-81d4-000c298d8da1:1-519 Auto_Position: 1 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: Master_public_key_path: Get_master_public_key: 0 Network_Namespace: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
能夠看到,同步正常!
(8)最後,查看master與slave數據是否一致
MASTER數據:SELECT * FROM student; | 520 | 00systemd-bootchart | 18 |
| 521 | 00systemd-bootchart | 44 |
| 522 | 03modsign | 98 |
| 523 | 00systemd-bootchart | 45 |
| 524 | 00 | 90 |
| 525 | 03modsign | 21 |
+-----+---------------------+-----+
525 rows in set (0.00 sec) SLAVE數據:SELECT * FROM student; | 519 | 0.33.0 | 99 |
| 520 | 00systemd-bootchart | 18 |
| 521 | 00systemd-bootchart | 44 |
| 522 | 03modsign | 98 |
| 523 | 00systemd-bootchart | 45 |
| 524 | 00 | 90 |
| 525 | 03modsign | 21 |
+-----+---------------------+-----+
525 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在咱們修過程當中插入的數據也已經所有同步。數據徹底一致,主從複製修復完成。