mongodb的安裝及主從複製

mongodb的安裝及主從複製

1、mongodb安裝

1.下載mongodblinux版本（注意32位和64位的區別）

wget http://downloads.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.7.tgz

2.解壓

tar xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.7.tgz

mkdir /usr/local/mongodb

mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.7/* /usr/local/mongodb

3.建立數據庫文件目錄

若是有單獨的分區，把mongodb數據庫文件目錄掛載到單獨分區更好

mkdir -p /mongo/data

建立mongodb日誌文件

mkdir /var/log/mongodb

touch /var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log

4.建立mongo命令的軟連接

mongo bin目錄下的腳本文件能夠直接用了

ln -s /usr/local/mongodb/bin/* /usr/sbin

mongodb的bin下各工具的用途：

mongod：數據庫服務端，相似mysqld，每一個實例啓動一個進程，能夠fork爲Daemon運行

mongo：客戶端命令行工具，相似sqlplus/mysql，其實也是一個js解釋器，支持js語法

mongodump/mongorestore：將數據導入爲bson格式的文件/將bson文件恢復爲數據庫，相似xtracbackup

mongoexport/mongoimport：將collection導出爲json/csv格式數據/將數據導入數據庫，相似mysqldump/mysqlimport

bsondump：將bson格式的文件轉儲爲json格式的數據

mongos：分片路由，若是使用了sharding功能，則應用程序鏈接的是mongos而不是mongod

mongofiles：GridFS管理工具

mongostat：實時監控工具

5啓動mongodb （兩種方法）

方法一：直接命令行啓動

mongod –-port 27017 --fork --logpath=/var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log --logappend --dbpath=/mongo/db

方法二：（配置文件啓動:推薦）

mkdir /usr/local/mongodb/conf

cd /usr/local/mongodb/conf

vim mongod.conf

port=27017 #端口號

fork=true #以守護進程的方式運行，建立服務器進程

logpath=/var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log #日誌輸出文件路徑

logappend=true #日誌輸出方式

dbpath=/mongo/db #數據庫路徑

shardsvr=true #設置是否分片

maxConns=600 #數據庫的最大鏈接數

啓動： mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongodb.log

6.驗證

端口27017和28017是否打開

netstat -nultp

mongo命令進入mongo shell

2、mongodb主從複製配置

主從複製是mongodb最經常使用的複製方式,這種方式很靈活.可用於備份,故障恢復,讀擴展等.

最基本的設置方式就是創建一個主節點和一個或多個從節點,每一個從節點要知道主節點的地址.

這裏咱們用一主一從實現mongodb的複製

1.主機

mongodb-master 10.48.255.244 master

mongodb-slave 10.48.255.243 slave

2.把以上安裝過程應用於mongodb這兩個主機，配置文件稍加改動

在mongodb-master上，配置文件增長

master=true

oplogSize=2048 #相似於mysql的日誌滾動，單位m

在mongodb-slave上，配置文件增長：

slave=true

source=10.48.100.1:27017 #指定主mongodb server

slavedelay=10 #延遲複製，單位爲秒

autoresync=true #當發現從服務器的數據不是最新時，向主服務器請求同步數據

3、測試主從可用性

在兩主機上啓動mongodb： mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongod.conf

1.看日誌信息

主上日誌：

# tail /var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log

Thu Aug 16 17:59:44 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 10.48.255.243:38034 #1

Thu Aug 16 17:59:57 [conn1] end connection 10.48.255.243:38034

Thu Aug 16 18:00:08 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 10.48.255.243:38035 #2

Thu Aug 16 18:00:43 [clientcursormon] mem (MB) res:30 virt:8749 mapped:4302

從上日誌

# tail /var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log

Thu Aug 16 18:00:28 [replslave] repl: from host:10.48.255.244:27017

Thu Aug 16 18:00:28 [replslave] repl: applied 1 operations

Thu Aug 16 18:00:28 [replslave] repl: syncedTo: Aug 16 18:00:17 502d3531:1

Thu Aug 16 18:00:28 [replslave] waiting until: 1345140038 to continue

Thu Aug 16 18:00:28 [replslave] repl: sleep 10 sec before next pass

Thu Aug 16 18:00:38 [replslave] repl: from host:10.48.255.244:27017

Thu Aug 16 18:00:38 [replslave] repl: applied 1 operations

Thu Aug 16 18:00:38 [replslave] repl: syncedTo: Aug 16 18:00:27 502d353b:1

Thu Aug 16 18:00:38 [replslave] waiting until: 1345140048 to continue

Thu Aug 16 18:00:38 [replslave] repl: sleep 10 sec before next pass

由上述信息知道主從能夠創建通訊了

2.下面咱們在主上建立數據庫，並插入集合文檔，看其是否同步

在主服務器上：

# mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.0.7

connecting to: test

> show dbs

local4.201171875GB

> use xin

switched to db xin

> db.test.save({title:"just test"})

> db.test.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("502d3643c5664ca66103a7cf "), "title" : "just test" }

> show dbs

local4.201171875GB

xin0.203125GB

>

注：xin是數據庫名，test是集合名，{title:"just test"}是文檔

mongodb中使用use便可建立一個數據庫固然也能夠切換數據庫，和mysql有很大區別吧

讓咱們來看看日誌吧

主 server上的日誌：

Thu Aug 16 18:04:51 [FileAllocator] creating directory /mongo/db/_tmp

Thu Aug 16 18:04:51 [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /mongo/db/xin.ns, size: 16MB, took 0.001 secs

Thu Aug 16 18:04:53 [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /mongo/db/xin.0, filling with zeroes...

Thu Aug 16 18:04:53 [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /mongo/db/xin.0, size: 64MB, took 0.034 secs

Thu Aug 16 18:04:53 [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /mongo/db/xin.1, filling with zeroes...

Thu Aug 16 18:04:53 [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /mongo/db/xin.1, size: 128MB, took 0.04 secs

Thu Aug 16 18:04:53 [conn3] build index xin.test { _id: 1 }

Thu Aug 16 18:04:53 [conn3] build index done 0 records 0.012 secs

Thu Aug 16 18:04:53 [conn3] insert xin.test 2892ms

Thu Aug 16 18:05:07 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 10.48.255.243:60173 #4

Thu Aug 16 18:05:08 [conn4] end connection 10.48.255.243:60173

從 server上的日誌：

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [replslave] repl: from host:10.48.255.244:27017

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [replslave] resync: dropping database xin

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [replslave] removeJournalFiles

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [replslave] resync: cloning database xin to get an initial copy

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /mongo/db/xin.ns, filling with zeroes...

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [FileAllocator] creating directory /mongo/db/_tmp

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /mongo/db/xin.ns, size: 16MB, took 0 secs

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /mongo/db/xin.0, filling with zeroes...

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /mongo/db/xin.0, size: 64MB, took 0 secs

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /mongo/db/xin.1, filling with zeroes...

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /mongo/db/xin.1, size: 128MB, took 0.001 secs

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [replslave] build index xin.test { _id: 1 }

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [replslave] build index done 1 records 0 secs

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [replslave] resync: done with initial clone for db: xin

Thu Aug 16 18:05:04 [replslave] repl: applied 1 operations

由上述日誌能夠看出xin數據庫已經同步到從 server上了

3.咱們進入從 server 的mongodb shell,確認一下

# mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.0.7

connecting to: test

> show dbs

local0.203125GB

xin0.203125GB

>

> use xin

switched to db xin

> db.test.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("502d3643c5664ca66103a7cf "), "title" : "just test" }

咱們建立的數據庫數據並很少，爲何會有0.2G呢，這是由於mongodb預分配數據庫的空間，這使下次向數據庫中插入數據更快了

4.在 從server 上查看Collection(集合)狀態

> db.printCollectionStats()

system.indexes

{

"ns" : "xin.system.indexes",

"count" : 1,

"size" : 64,

"avgObjSize" : 64,

"storageSize" : 4096,

"numExtents" : 1,

"nindexes" : 0,

"lastExtentSize" : 4096,

"paddingFactor" : 1,

"flags" : 0,

"totalIndexSize" : 0,

"indexSizes" : {

},

"ok" : 1

}

---

test

{

"ns" : "xin.test",

"count" : 1,

"size" : 44,

"avgObjSize" : 44,

"storageSize" : 8192,

"numExtents" : 1,

"nindexes" : 1,

"lastExtentSize" : 8192,

"paddingFactor" : 1,

"flags" : 1,

"totalIndexSize" : 8176,

"indexSizes" : {

"_id_" : 8176

},

"ok" : 1

}

---

在 從server 上查看主從複製的狀態

> db.printReplicationInfo()

this is a slave, printing slave replication info.

source: 10.48.255.244:27017

syncedTo: Thu Aug 16 2012 18:33:27 GMT+0000 (UTC)

= 18 secs ago (0.01hrs)

>

> db.printSlaveReplicationInf o()

source: 10.48.255.244:27017

syncedTo: Thu Aug 16 2012 18:34:37 GMT+0000 (UTC)

= 20 secs ago (0.01hrs)

ok,mongodb的主從複製搞定了!