RabbitMQ
是一個開源的AMQP
實現,服務器端用Erlang語言編寫,支持多種客戶端,如:Python、Ruby、.NET、Java、JMS、C、PHP、ActionScript、XMPP、STOMP
等,支持AJAX。用於在分佈式系統中存儲轉發消息,在易用性、擴展性、高可用性等方面表現不俗。java
AMQP
,即Advanced message Queuing
Protocol
,高級消息隊列協議,是應用層協議的一個開放標準,爲面向消息的中間件設計。消息中間件主要用於組件之間的解耦,消息的發送者無需知道消息使用者的存在,反之亦然。git
AMQP
的主要特徵是面向消息、隊列、路由(包括點對點和發佈/訂閱)、可靠性、安全。github
RabbitMQ是一個開源的AMQP實現,服務器端用Erlang語言編寫,支持多種客戶端,如:Python、Ruby、.NET、Java、JMS、C、PHP、ActionScript、XMPP、STOMP
等,支持AJAX
。用於在分佈式系統中存儲轉發消息,在易用性、擴展性、高可用性等方面表現不俗。spring
一般咱們談到隊列服務, 會有三個概念: 發消息者、隊列、收消息者,RabbitMQ
在這個基本概念之上, 多作了一層抽象, 在發消息者和 隊列之間, 加入了交換器 (Exchange
). 這樣發消息者和隊列就沒有直接聯繫, 轉而變成發消息者把消息給交換器, 交換器根據調度策略再把消息再給隊列。segmentfault
任選其一安全
CentOs7.3 搭建 RabbitMQ 3.6 單機服務與使用服務器
CentOs7.3 搭建 RabbitMQ 3.6 Cluster 集羣服務與使用app
代碼我已放到 Github ,導入spring-boot-rabbitmq
項目 分佈式
github https://github.com/souyunku/spring-boot-examples/tree/master/spring-boot-rabbitmqspring-boot
在項目中添加 spring-boot-starter-amqp
依賴
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
spring.application.name=ymq-rabbitmq-spring-boot spring.rabbitmq.host=10.4.98.15 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=admin spring.rabbitmq.password=admin
1.Direct Exchange 根據route key 直接找到隊列
2.Topic Exchange 根據route key 匹配隊列
3.Topic Exchange 不處理route key 全網發送,全部綁定的隊列都發送
Direct Exchange
是RabbitMQ
默認的交換機模式,也是最簡單的模式,根據key
全文匹配去尋找隊列。
任何發送到Direct Exchange
的消息都會被轉發到RouteKey
中指定的Queue
。
1.通常狀況可使用rabbitMQ
自帶的Exchange:""
(該Exchange
的名字爲空字符串,下文稱其爲default Exchange
)。
2.這種模式下不須要將Exchange
進行任何綁定(binding
)操做
3.消息傳遞時須要一個RouteKey
,能夠簡單的理解爲要發送到的隊列名字。
4.若是vhost
中不存在RouteKey
中指定的隊列名,則該消息會被拋棄。
@Configuration public class RabbitDirectConfig { @Bean public Queue helloQueue() { return new Queue("hello"); } @Bean public Queue directQueue() { return new Queue("direct"); } //-------------------配置默認的交換機模式,能夠不須要配置如下----------------------------------- @Bean DirectExchange directExchange() { return new DirectExchange("directExchange"); } //綁定一個key "direct",當消息匹配到就會放到這個隊列中 @Bean Binding bindingExchangeDirectQueue(Queue directQueue, DirectExchange directExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue).to(directExchange).with("direct"); } // 推薦使用 helloQueue() 方法寫法,這種方式在 Direct Exchange 模式 畫蛇添足,不必這樣寫 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "hello") public class helloReceiver { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 helloReceiver," + message); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "direct") public class DirectReceiver { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 DirectReceiver," + message); } }
package io.ymq.rabbitmq.test; import io.ymq.rabbitmq.run.Startup; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; /** * 描述: 默認的交換機模式 * * @author: yanpenglei * @create: 2017/10/25 1:03 */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Startup.class) public class RabbitDirectTest { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void sendHelloTest() { String context = "此消息在,默認的交換機模式隊列下,有 helloReceiver 能夠收到"; String routeKey = "hello"; context = "routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendHelloTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(routeKey, context); } @Test public void sendDirectTest() { String context = "此消息在,默認的交換機模式隊列下,有 DirectReceiver 能夠收到"; String routeKey = "direct"; String exchange = "directExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendDirectTest : " + context); // 推薦使用 sendHello() 方法寫法,這種方式在 Direct Exchange 畫蛇添足,不必這樣寫 this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } }
按順序執行:響應
接收者 helloReceiver,routeKey:hello,context:此消息在,默認的交換機模式隊列下,有 helloReceiver 能夠收到 接收者 DirectReceiver,context:directExchange,routeKey:direct,context:此消息在,默認的交換機模式隊列下,有 DirectReceiver 能夠收到
任何發送到Fanout Exchange
的消息都會被轉發到與該Exchange
綁定(Binding)
的全部Queue上
。
1.能夠理解爲路由表的模式
2.這種模式不須要 RouteKey
3.這種模式須要提早將Exchange
與Queue
進行綁定,一個Exchange
能夠綁定多個Queue
,一個Queue
能夠同多個Exchange
進行綁定。
4.若是接受到消息的Exchange
沒有與任何Queue
綁定,則消息會被拋棄。
@Configuration public class RabbitFanoutConfig { final static String PENGLEI = "fanout.penglei.net"; final static String SOUYUNKU = "fanout.souyunku.com"; @Bean public Queue queuePenglei() { return new Queue(RabbitFanoutConfig.PENGLEI); } @Bean public Queue queueSouyunku() { return new Queue(RabbitFanoutConfig.SOUYUNKU); } /** * 任何發送到Fanout Exchange的消息都會被轉發到與該Exchange綁定(Binding)的全部隊列上。 */ @Bean FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange"); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeQueuePenglei(Queue queuePenglei, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queuePenglei).to(fanoutExchange); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeQueueSouyunku(Queue queueSouyunku, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueSouyunku).to(fanoutExchange); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.penglei.net") public class FanoutReceiver1 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 FanoutReceiver1," + message); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.souyunku.com") public class FanoutReceiver2 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 FanoutReceiver2," + message); } }
package io.ymq.rabbitmq.test; import io.ymq.rabbitmq.run.Startup; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; /** * 描述: 廣播模式或者訂閱模式隊列 * * @author: yanpenglei * @create: 2017/10/25 1:08 */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Startup.class) public class RabbitFanoutTest { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void sendPengleiTest() { String context = "此消息在,廣播模式或者訂閱模式隊列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能夠收到"; String routeKey = "topic.penglei.net"; String exchange = "fanoutExchange"; System.out.println("sendPengleiTest : " + context); context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } @Test public void sendSouyunkuTest() { String context = "此消息在,廣播模式或者訂閱模式隊列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能夠收到"; String routeKey = "topic.souyunku.com"; String exchange = "fanoutExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendSouyunkuTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } }
按順序執行:響應
接收者 FanoutReceiver1,context:fanoutExchange,routeKey:topic.penglei.net,context:此消息在,廣播模式或者訂閱模式隊列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能夠收到 接收者 FanoutReceiver2,context:fanoutExchange,routeKey:topic.penglei.net,context:此消息在,廣播模式或者訂閱模式隊列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能夠收到 接收者 FanoutReceiver2,context:fanoutExchange,routeKey:topic.souyunku.com,context:此消息在,廣播模式或者訂閱模式隊列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能夠收到 接收者 FanoutReceiver1,context:fanoutExchange,routeKey:topic.souyunku.com,context:此消息在,廣播模式或者訂閱模式隊列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能夠收到
任何發送到Topic Exchange
的消息都會被轉發到全部關心RouteKey
中指定話題的Queue
上
1.這種模式較爲複雜,簡單來講,就是每一個隊列都有其關心的主題,全部的消息都帶有一個標題
`(RouteKey),
Exchange會將消息轉發到全部關注主題能與
RouteKey`模糊匹配的隊列。
2.這種模式須要RouteKey
,也許要提早綁定Exchange
與Queue
。
3.在進行綁定時,要提供一個該隊列關心的主題,如#.log.#
表示該隊列關心全部涉及log的消息(一個RouteKey爲MQ.log.error
的消息會被轉發到該隊列)。
4.#
表示0個或若干個關鍵字,*
表示一個關鍵字。如topic.*
能與topic.warn
匹配,沒法與topic.warn.timeout
匹配;可是topic.#
能與上述二者匹配。
5.一樣,若是Exchange
沒有發現可以與RouteKey
匹配的Queue
,則會拋棄此消息。
@Configuration public class RabbitTopicConfig { final static String MESSAGE = "topic.message"; final static String MESSAGES = "topic.message.s"; final static String YMQ = "topic.ymq"; @Bean public Queue queueMessage() { return new Queue(RabbitTopicConfig.MESSAGE); } @Bean public Queue queueMessages() { return new Queue(RabbitTopicConfig.MESSAGES); } @Bean public Queue queueYmq() { return new Queue(RabbitTopicConfig.YMQ); } /** * 交換機(Exchange) 描述:接收消息而且轉發到綁定的隊列,交換機不存儲消息 */ @Bean TopicExchange topicExchange() { return new TopicExchange("topicExchange"); } //綁定隊列 queueMessages() 到 topicExchange 交換機,路由鍵只接受徹底匹配 topic.message 的隊列接受者能夠收到消息 @Bean Binding bindingExchangeMessage(Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange topicExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(topicExchange).with("topic.message"); } //綁定隊列 queueMessages() 到 topicExchange 交換機,路由鍵只要是以 topic.message 開頭的隊列接受者能夠收到消息 @Bean Binding bindingExchangeMessages(Queue queueMessages, TopicExchange topicExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(topicExchange).with("topic.message.#"); } //綁定隊列 queueYmq() 到 topicExchange 交換機,路由鍵只要是以 topic 開頭的隊列接受者能夠收到消息 @Bean Binding bindingExchangeYmq(Queue queueYmq, TopicExchange topicExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueYmq).to(topicExchange).with("topic.#"); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "topic.message") public class TopicReceiver1 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 TopicReceiver1," + message); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "topic.message.s") public class TopicReceiver2 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 TopicReceiver2," + message); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "topic.ymq") public class TopicReceiver3 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 TopicReceiver3," + message); } }
package io.ymq.rabbitmq.test; import io.ymq.rabbitmq.run.Startup; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; /** * 描述: 配置轉發消息模式隊列 * * @author: yanpenglei * @create: 2017/10/25 1:20 */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Startup.class) public class RabbitTopicTest { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void sendMessageTest() { String context = "此消息在,配置轉發消息模式隊列下, 有 TopicReceiver1 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能夠收到"; String routeKey = "topic.message"; String exchange = "topicExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendMessageTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } @Test public void sendMessagesTest() { String context = "此消息在,配置轉發消息模式隊列下,有 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能夠收到"; String routeKey = "topic.message.s"; String exchange = "topicExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendMessagesTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } @Test public void sendYmqTest() { String context = "此消息在,配置轉發消息模式隊列下,有 TopicReceiver3 能夠收到"; String routeKey = "topic.ymq"; String exchange = "topicExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendYmqTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } }
按順序執行:響應
接收者 TopicReceiver2,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message,context:此消息在,配置轉發消息模式隊列下, 有 TopicReceiver1 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能夠收到 接收者 TopicReceiver1,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message,context:此消息在,配置轉發消息模式隊列下, 有 TopicReceiver1 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能夠收到 接收者 TopicReceiver3,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message,context:此消息在,配置轉發消息模式隊列下, 有 TopicReceiver1 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能夠收到 接收者 TopicReceiver3,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message.s,context:此消息在,配置轉發消息模式隊列下,有 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能夠收到 接收者 TopicReceiver2,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message.s,context:此消息在,配置轉發消息模式隊列下,有 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能夠收到 接收者 TopicReceiver3,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.ymq,context:此消息在,配置轉發消息模式隊列下,有 TopicReceiver3 能夠收到
代碼我已放到 Github ,導入spring-boot-rabbitmq
項目
github https://github.com/souyunku/spring-boot-examples/tree/master/spring-boot-rabbitmq