Nginx的https配置記錄以及http強制跳轉到https的方法梳理

1、Nginx安裝(略)
安裝的時候須要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module,由於http_ssl_module不屬於Nginx的基本模塊。
Nginx安裝方法:php

1html

2nginx

# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_moduletomcat

# make && make install服務器

2、生成證書(略)
可使用openssl生成證書:
可參考:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html
好比生成以下兩個證書文件(假設存放路徑爲/usr/local/nginx/cert/):
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.keysession

3、修改Nginx配置
server {
          listen 443;
          server_name www.wangshibo.com;
          root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;網站

          ssl on;
          ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
          ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
          ssl_session_timeout 5m;
          ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
          ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;                                            //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
          ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;ui

          access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
          error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;url

         if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) {           //對訪問的來源ip作白名單限制
                rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
         }spa

         location ~ \.php$ {
              fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
              fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
              fastcgi_index index.php;
              fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
             #include fastcgi_params;
             include fastcgi.conf;
         }
}

---------------------------------http訪問強制跳轉到https---------------------------------
網站添加了https證書後,當http方式訪問網站時就會報404錯誤,因此須要作http到https的強制跳轉設置.

---------------1、採用nginx的rewrite方法---------------------

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1) 下面是將全部的http請求經過rewrite重寫到https上。

    例如將全部的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http訪問強制跳轉到https。

    下面配置都可以實現:

 

配置1:

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

     

    rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;        //這是ngixn早前的寫法,如今還可使用。

  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

 

-------------------------------------------------------

上面的跳轉配置rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;

也能夠改成下面

rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;

或者

rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;

-------------------------------------------------------

 

配置2:

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

 

    return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //這是nginx最新支持的寫法

  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

 

 

配置3:這種方式適用於多域名的時候,即訪問wangshibo.com的http也會強制跳轉到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

     

    if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {

    rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;

    }

  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

 

 

配置4:下面是最簡單的一種配置

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

     

    if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {

       rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;

    }

 

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

---------------2、採用nginx的497狀態碼---------------------

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497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS 

解釋:當網站只容許https訪問時,當用http訪問時nginx會報出497錯誤碼

  

思路:

利用error_page命令將497狀態碼的連接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com這個域名上

 

配置實例:

以下訪問dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都會被強制跳轉到https

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

     

    error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 

  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

 

 

也能夠將80和443的配置放在一塊兒:

server { 

    listen       127.0.0.1:443;  #ssl端口 

    listen       127.0.0.1:80;   #用戶習慣用http訪問,加上80,後面經過497狀態碼讓它自動跳到443端口 

    server_name  dev.wangshibo.com; 

    #爲一個server{......}開啓ssl支持 

    ssl                  on; 

    #指定PEM格式的證書文件  

    ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;  

    #指定PEM格式的私鑰文件 

    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key; 

       

    #讓http請求重定向到https請求  

    error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 

 

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

---------------3、利用meta的刷新做用將http跳轉到https---------------------

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上述的方法均會耗費服務器的資源,能夠借鑑百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新做用,將http跳轉到https

能夠基於http://dev.wangshibo.com的虛擬主機路徑下寫一個index.html,內容就是http向https的跳轉

 

將下面的內容追加到index.html首頁文件內

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html

<html> 

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/"

</html>

 

[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

     

    #將404的頁面重定向到https的首頁 

    error_page  404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;  

  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;         

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面是nginx反代tomcat,而且http強制跳轉至https。
訪問http://zrx.wangshibo.com和訪問http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/結果是同樣的

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[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    

    access_log  logs/access.log;

    error_log   logs/error.log;

  

    return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;     

     

    location ~ / {

    root /data/nginx/html;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

 

 

[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf

upstream tomcat8 {

    server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;

}

 

server {

   listen 443;

   server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;

   ssl on;

 

   ### SSL log files ###

   access_log logs/ssl-access.log;

   error_log logs/ssl-error.log;

 

### SSL cert files ###

   ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;     

   ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;  

   ssl_session_timeout 5m;

 

   location / {

   proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;                                     

   proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;

   proxy_set_header Host $host;

   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;

   proxy_redirect off;

}

}

---------------4、經過proxy_redirec方式---------------------

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解決辦法:

# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home

proxy_redirect http:// https://;

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