傳統IDC部署網站(四)

16. chown命令

chown 用來更改一個文件或者目錄的全部者護着所屬組node

-R 級聯更改一個目錄下全部的目錄和文件

chown user1:users 1.txt
chown user1.users 1.tx

useradd

添加用戶的命令python

useradd user1

添加user1用戶,同時也會添加一個user1用戶組git

tail

tail 命令是用來查看一個文件最後幾行的命令 默認是10行vim

tail 1.txt
tail -5 1.txt
tail -n 5 1.txt

查看剛剛添加的用戶centos

tail -2 /etc/passwd

id

查看一個用戶屬於那個組,其中一個用戶會有兩個組,一個是主組, 一個是附屬組dom

id username

groupadd

增長組的命令ssh

groupadd users1

history

查看命令歷史socket

!ls

執行命令歷史中,從下往上看,第一個ls開頭的命令tcp

17. 軟連接和硬連接

硬連接

inode 門牌號 會議室弄了2個門 門牌號一致ide

任何目錄下都有 . 和 ..兩個隱藏目錄

其中.是該目錄自己 ..是該目錄的上一層目錄

結論: 一個目錄的(ls -l )第二列的數字,其實就是該目錄下面有幾個子目錄(包含隱藏目錄.和..)

[root@localhost /]# ll
total 16
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Jan 20 21:52 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   5 root root 4096 Jan 20 22:07 boot
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 3100 Jan 23 06:23 dev
drwxr-xr-x.  75 root root 8192 Jan 23 06:23 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Jan 20 21:52 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Jan 20 21:52 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 104 root root    0 Jan 23 06:23 proc
dr-xr-x---.   3 root root  169 Jan 21 23:12 root
drwxr-xr-x.  24 root root  720 Jan 23 06:23 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Jan 20 21:52 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root    0 Jan 23 06:23 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   8 root root  211 Jan 23 06:24 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Jan 20 21:52 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  19 root root  267 Jan 20 22:06 var

常識:目錄沒法作硬連接,硬連接沒法跨磁盤或者分區

手動對文件作硬連接

[root@localhost ~]# ll -i
total 12
67146818 -rw-------. 1 root root 1273 Jan 20 21:59 anaconda-ks.cfg
67146862 -rw-------. 1 root root 1679 Jan 21 00:05 y
67146863 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  408 Jan 21 00:05 y.pub
[root@localhost ~]# ln y y1
[root@localhost ~]# ll -i
total 16
67146818 -rw-------. 1 root root 1273 Jan 20 21:59 anaconda-ks.cfg
67146862 -rw-------. 2 root root 1679 Jan 21 00:05 y
67146862 -rw-------. 2 root root 1679 Jan 21 00:05 y1
67146863 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  408 Jan 21 00:05 y.pub

補充:rm 刪除一個文件或者目錄,刪除目錄的時候須要加-r -f 是一個強制刪除的參數

[root@localhost ~]# rm -r y1
rm: remove regular file ‘y1’? ^C
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf y1

18. 軟連接用法示例

軟連接使用絕對路徑,防止軟連接文件路徑變化時,找不到目標文件。

[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /root/y y3
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 16
-rw-------. 1 root root 1273 Jan 20 21:59 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-------. 2 root root 1679 Jan 21 00:05 y
-rw-------. 2 root root 1679 Jan 21 00:05 y1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    1 Jan 23 06:41 y3 -> y
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  408 Jan 21 00:05 y.pub
[root@localhost ~]# ll -i
total 16
67146818 -rw-------. 1 root root 1273 Jan 20 21:59 anaconda-ks.cfg
67146862 -rw-------. 2 root root 1679 Jan 21 00:05 y
67146862 -rw-------. 2 root root 1679 Jan 21 00:05 y1
67146822 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    1 Jan 23 06:41 y3 -> y
67146863 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  408 Jan 21 00:05 y.pub

軟連接的做用

  1. 方便查找
  2. 一個文件我想在多個地方都能訪問到。
  3. 磁盤擴容

舉例:系統裏面有兩個分區:/123 /abc ,其中/123快滿了,還要些一個/123/aaa(1G) 不夠,咱們能夠借用/abc的空間,

[root@localhost 123]# mv aaa /abc/
[root@localhost 123]# ll
total 0
[root@localhost 123]# ln -s /abc/aaa /123/aaa
[root@localhost 123]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Jan 23 06:58 aaa -> /abc/aaa

19. yum工具

安裝軟件包的一個工具,特色,能夠聯網,還能夠方便的解決依賴

yum 安裝a文件 ,須要b文件 ,安裝b又須要安裝c

yum install

[root@localhost 123]# yum install net-tools
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                       | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
extras                                                     | 3.4 kB  00:00:00
updates                                                    | 3.4 kB  00:00:00
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                              | 166 kB  00:00:00
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                          | 156 kB  00:00:00
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                         | 1.3 MB  00:00:00
(4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                            | 6.0 MB  00:00:01
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==================================================================================
 Package          Arch          Version                         Repository   Size
==================================================================================
Installing:
 net-tools        x86_64        2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7        base        306 k

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 306 k
Installed size: 918 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.                                                                           x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm              | 306 kB  00:00:00
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
 Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
 Package    : centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64                      1/1
  Verifying  : net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64                      1/1

Installed:
  net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7

Complete!

ifconfig

[root@localhost 123]# ifconfig -a
enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.2.20  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.2.255
        inet6 fe80::724b:7257:5340:f264  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:f4:b6:62  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 7265  bytes 8798450 (8.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1619  bytes 151728 (148.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 68  bytes 5896 (5.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 68  bytes 5896 (5.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

netstat

[root@localhost 123]# netstat -lnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3257/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3631/master
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      3257/sshd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      3631/master
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                           2727/chronyd
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                                2727/chronyd
raw6       0      0 :::58                   :::*                    7           2774/NetworkManager
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   PID/Program name     Path
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25093    3631/master          private/rewrite
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25096    3631/master          private/bounce
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25088    3631/master          private/tlsmgr
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25084    3631/master          public/qmgr
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     7463     1/systemd            /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25081    3631/master          public/cleanup
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     14936    1/systemd            /run/systemd/private
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     20585    1/systemd            /run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25099    3631/master          private/defer
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25105    3631/master          private/trace
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25108    3631/master          private/verify
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25114    3631/master          private/proxymap
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25117    3631/master          private/proxywrite
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25120    3631/master          private/smtp
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25123    3631/master          private/relay
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25129    3631/master          private/error
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25132    3631/master          private/retry
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25135    3631/master          private/discard
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25138    3631/master          private/local
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25141    3631/master          private/virtual
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25144    3631/master          private/lmtp
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25147    3631/master          private/anvil
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25150    3631/master          private/scache
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     15241    1/systemd            /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25111    3631/master          public/flush
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25126    3631/master          public/showq
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     25077    3631/master          public/pickup
unix  2      [ ACC ]     SEQPACKET  LISTENING     15071    1/systemd            /run/udev/control
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     15073    1/systemd            /run/lvm/lvmpolld.socket

yum remove 刪除安裝包

yum list 查看應用

yum grouplist

[root@localhost 123]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Development Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
Done

yum install 組名

查找命令是出於那個包的方便安裝

[root@localhost 123]# yum provides /*/ifconfig
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /sbin/ifconfig



net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo        : @base
Matched from:
Filename    : /sbin/ifconfig

20. rpm工具

掛載光驅

虛擬機下方的小光驅圖標,以下命令後 Packages目錄下紅色的包就是RPM包

[root@localhost mnt]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost mnt]# cd /mnt/Packages/

安裝 yum-utils

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-50.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-kitchen for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be installed
---> Package python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-chardet for package: python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==================================================================================
 Package                Arch           Version                 Repository    Size
==================================================================================
Installing:
 yum-utils              noarch         1.1.31-50.el7           base         121 k
Installing for dependencies:
 libxml2-python         x86_64         2.9.1-6.el7_2.3         base         247 k
 python-chardet         noarch         2.2.1-1.el7_1           base         227 k
 python-kitchen         noarch         1.1.1-5.el7             base         267 k

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 861 k
Installed size: 4.3 M
Downloading packages:
(1/4): python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm             | 227 kB  00:00:00
(2/4): libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm           | 247 kB  00:00:00
(3/4): python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm               | 267 kB  00:00:00
(4/4): yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm                  | 121 kB  00:00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                1.7 MB/s | 861 kB  00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch                            1/4
  Installing : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch                              2/4
  Installing : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                          3/4
  Installing : yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch                                 4/4
  Verifying  : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                          1/4
  Verifying  : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch                              2/4
  Verifying  : yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch                                 3/4
  Verifying  : python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch                            4/4

Installed:
  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-50.el7

Dependency Installed:
  libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3  python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1
  python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7

Complete!

下載一個vim 的rpm包

[root@localhost ~]# yumdownloader vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                      | 1.0 MB  00:00:00
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 1076
-rw-------. 1 root root    1273 Jan 20 21:59 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1087648 Nov 12 09:48 vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-------. 1 root root    1679 Jan 21 00:05 y
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     408 Jan 21 00:05 y.pub

RPM 安裝存在依賴關係

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
        libgpm.so.2()(64bit) is needed by vim-enhanced-2:7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64
        libperl.so()(64bit) is needed by vim-enhanced-2:7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64
        perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_5.16.3) is needed by vim-enhanced-2:7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64
        vim-common = 2:7.4.160-5.el7 is needed by vim-enhanced-2:7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64

yum 本地安裝

[root@localhost ~]# yum localinstalll vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
No such command: localinstalll. Please use /usr/bin/yum --help
[root@localhost ~]# yum localinstall vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_                                                                           64
Marking vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: vim-common = 2:7.4.160-5.el7 for package: 2:vim-enhance                                                                           d-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
--> Processing Dependency: perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_5.16.3) for package: 2:vim-enhanced                                                                           -7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgpm.so.2()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.16                                                                           0-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libperl.so()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160                                                                           -5.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-293.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) >= 1.3 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.                                                                           x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) >= 1.10 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-2                                                                           93.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-macros for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads::shared) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el                                                                           7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(constant) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_6                                                                           4
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::Local) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x8                                                                           6_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::HiRes) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x8                                                                           6_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Storable) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_6                                                                           4
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x                                                                           86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::XHTML) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293                                                                           .el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::Search) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-29                                                                           3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Getopt::Long) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x                                                                           86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Filter::Util::Call) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293                                                                           .el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Temp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86                                                                           _64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Unix) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.e                                                                           l7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Functions) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-                                                                           293.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86                                                                           _64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Path) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86                                                                           _64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Exporter) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_6                                                                           4
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Cwd) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Carp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64
---> Package perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-293.el7 will be installed
---> Package vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: vim-filesystem for package: 2:vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.                                                                           x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Usage) >= 1.14 for package: perl-Getopt-Long-                                                                           2.40-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Text::ParseWords) for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.                                                                           40-3.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.04 for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simp                                                                           le-3.28-4.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Encode) for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.                                                                           noarch
---> Package perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-293.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-293.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Text) >= 3.15 for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.6                                                                           3-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl-Pod-Perldoc for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7                                                                           .noarch
---> Package perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(parent) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.n                                                                           oarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(HTTP::Tiny) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.e                                                                           l7.noarch
---> Package perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==================================================================================
 Package                Arch   Version          Repository                   Size
==================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced           x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7  /vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64
                                                                            2.2 M
Installing for dependencies:
 gpm-libs               x86_64 1.20.7-5.el7     base                         32 k
 perl                   x86_64 4:5.16.3-293.el7 base                        8.0 M
 perl-Carp              noarch 1.26-244.el7     base                         19 k
 perl-Encode            x86_64 2.51-7.el7       base                        1.5 M
 perl-Exporter          noarch 5.68-3.el7       base                         28 k
 perl-File-Path         noarch 2.09-2.el7       base                         26 k
 perl-File-Temp         noarch 0.23.01-3.el7    base                         56 k
 perl-Filter            x86_64 1.49-3.el7       base                         76 k
 perl-Getopt-Long       noarch 2.40-3.el7       base                         56 k
 perl-HTTP-Tiny         noarch 0.033-3.el7      base                         38 k
 perl-PathTools         x86_64 3.40-5.el7       base                         82 k
 perl-Pod-Escapes       noarch 1:1.04-293.el7   base                         51 k
 perl-Pod-Perldoc       noarch 3.20-4.el7       base                         87 k
 perl-Pod-Simple        noarch 1:3.28-4.el7     base                        216 k
 perl-Pod-Usage         noarch 1.63-3.el7       base                         27 k
 perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 1.27-248.el7     base                         36 k
 perl-Socket            x86_64 2.010-4.el7      base                         49 k
 perl-Storable          x86_64 2.45-3.el7       base                         77 k
 perl-Text-ParseWords   noarch 3.29-4.el7       base                         14 k
 perl-Time-HiRes        x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7   base                         45 k
 perl-Time-Local        noarch 1.2300-2.el7     base                         24 k
 perl-constant          noarch 1.27-2.el7       base                         19 k
 perl-libs              x86_64 4:5.16.3-293.el7 base                        688 k
 perl-macros            x86_64 4:5.16.3-293.el7 base                         44 k
 perl-parent            noarch 1:0.225-244.el7  base                         12 k
 perl-podlators         noarch 2.5.1-3.el7      base                        112 k
 perl-threads           x86_64 1.87-4.el7       base                         49 k
 perl-threads-shared    x86_64 1.43-6.el7       base                         39 k
 vim-common             x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7  base                        5.9 M
 vim-filesystem         x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7  base                         10 k

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+30 Dependent packages)

Total size: 20 M
Total download size: 17 M
Installed size: 60 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/30): gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                   |  32 kB  00:00:00
(2/30): perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch.rpm                  |  19 kB  00:00:00
(3/30): perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                  | 1.5 MB  00:00:00
(4/30): perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch.rpm                |  28 kB  00:00:00
(5/30): perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch.rpm               |  26 kB  00:00:00
(6/30): perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch.rpm            |  56 kB  00:00:00
(7/30): perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch.rpm             |  56 kB  00:00:00
(8/30): perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                  |  76 kB  00:00:00
(9/30): perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch.rpm              |  38 kB  00:00:00
(10/30): perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64.rpm              |  82 kB  00:00:00
(11/30): perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-293.el7.noarch.rpm          |  51 kB  00:00:00
(12/30): perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch.rpm            |  87 kB  00:00:00
(13/30): perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch.rpm             | 216 kB  00:00:00
(14/30): perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch.rpm              |  27 kB  00:00:00
(15/30): perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64.rpm    |  36 kB  00:00:00
(16/30): perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64.rpm                    | 8.0 MB  00:00:01
(17/30): perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch.rpm        |  14 kB  00:00:00
(18/30): perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64.rpm               |  77 kB  00:00:00
(19/30): perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64.rpm           |  45 kB  00:00:00
(20/30): perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch.rpm           |  24 kB  00:00:00
(21/30): perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch.rpm               |  19 kB  00:00:00
(22/30): perl-macros-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64.rpm             |  44 kB  00:00:00
(23/30): perl-libs-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64.rpm               | 688 kB  00:00:00
(24/30): perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm             | 112 kB  00:00:00
(25/30): perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch.rpm              |  12 kB  00:00:00
(26/30): perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                |  49 kB  00:00:01
(27/30): perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                |  49 kB  00:00:00
(28/30): vim-filesystem-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm           |  10 kB  00:00:00
(29/30): perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64.rpm         |  39 kB  00:00:00
(30/30): vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm               | 5.9 MB  00:00:01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                4.3 MB/s |  17 MB  00:03
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch                            1/31
  Installing : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch                             2/31
  Installing : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch                             3/31
  Installing : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch                            4/31
  Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-293.el7.noarch                        5/31
  Installing : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64                                 6/31
  Installing : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch                        7/31
  Installing : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch                              8/31
  Installing : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64                           9/31
  Installing : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64                              10/31
  Installing : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch                              11/31
  Installing : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch                              12/31
  Installing : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch                          13/31
  Installing : perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64                               14/31
  Installing : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch                                15/31
  Installing : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64                        16/31
  Installing : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64                             17/31
  Installing : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64                   18/31
  Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch                          19/31
  Installing : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch                          20/31
  Installing : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch                             21/31
  Installing : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64                        22/31
  Installing : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64                               23/31
  Installing : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64                                24/31
  Installing : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64                            25/31
  Installing : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch                           26/31
  Installing : 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64                                 27/31
  Installing : 2:vim-filesystem-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                        28/31
  Installing : 2:vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                            29/31
  Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64                                 30/31
  Installing : 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                          31/31
  Verifying  : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch                             1/31
  Verifying  : 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                           2/31
  Verifying  : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64                         3/31
  Verifying  : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64                               4/31
  Verifying  : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch                               5/31
  Verifying  : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch                               6/31
  Verifying  : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64                              7/31
  Verifying  : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64                           8/31
  Verifying  : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch                            9/31
  Verifying  : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch                          10/31
  Verifying  : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch                          11/31
  Verifying  : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch                          12/31
  Verifying  : gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64                                 13/31
  Verifying  : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-293.el7.noarch                       14/31
  Verifying  : 2:vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                            15/31
  Verifying  : perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64                               16/31
  Verifying  : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch                                17/31
  Verifying  : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64                        18/31
  Verifying  : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64                   19/31
  Verifying  : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch                             20/31
  Verifying  : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64                                21/31
  Verifying  : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch                           22/31
  Verifying  : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch                            23/31
  Verifying  : 4:perl-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64                                 24/31
  Verifying  : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch                             25/31
  Verifying  : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64                               26/31
  Verifying  : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64                                27/31
  Verifying  : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch                           28/31
  Verifying  : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch                       29/31
  Verifying  : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-293.el7.x86_64                            30/31
  Verifying  : 2:vim-filesystem-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                        31/31

Installed:
  vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7

Dependency Installed:
  gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-5.el7
  perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-293.el7
  perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7
  perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7
  perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7
  perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7
  perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7
  perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7
  perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7
  perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7
  perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7
  perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-293.el7
  perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7
  perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7
  perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7
  perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7
  perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7
  perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7
  perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7
  perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7
  perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7
  perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7
  perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-293.el7
  perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-293.el7
  perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7
  perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7
  perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7
  perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7
  vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7
  vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7

Complete!

rpm卸載一個包

rpm -e wget

rpm查詢全部安裝的包

rpm -qa

rpm查詢一個包有無安裝

rpm -q vim-enhanced
rpm -q |grep vim

查看軟件安裝的具體目錄

rpm -ql wget

查看一個文件或者命令是由那個RPM生成的

which wget
rpm -qf /usr/bin/wget
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