在平常項目開發中,隨着項目需求不斷的累加、不斷的迭代;項目服務接口須要向下兼容歷史版本;前些時候就由於Api接口爲作版本管理致使接口對低版本兼容處理不友好。git
最近就像瞭解下如何實現WebApi版本控制,那麼版本控制有什麼好處呢?github
接下來就來實現版本控制以及在Swagger UI中接入WebApi版本web
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning
public class Startup { public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; } public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { //根據須要設置,如下內容 services.AddApiVersioning(apiOtions => { //返回響應標頭中支持的版本信息 apiOtions.ReportApiVersions = true; //此選項將用於不提供版本的請求。默認狀況下, 假定的 API 版本爲1.0 apiOtions.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true; //缺省api版本號,支持時間或數字版本號 apiOtions.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0); //支持MediaType、Header、QueryString 設置版本號;缺省爲QueryString、UrlSegment設置版本號;後面會詳細說明對於做用 apiOtions.ApiVersionReader = ApiVersionReader.Combine( new MediaTypeApiVersionReader("api-version"), new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version"), new QueryStringApiVersionReader("api-version"), new UrlSegmentApiVersionReader()); }); services.AddControllers(); } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) { if (env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } app.UseHttpsRedirection(); //使用ApiVersioning app.UseApiVersioning();
app.UseRouting(); app.UseAuthorization(); app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => { endpoints.MapControllers(); }); } }
a)經過ApiVersion標記指定指定控制器或方法的版本號;Url參數控制版本(QueryStringApiVersionReader),以下:json
namespace WebAPIVersionDemo.Controllers { [ApiController] [Route("[controller]")] //Deprecated=true:表示v1即將棄用,響應頭中返回 [ApiVersion("1.0", Deprecated = true)] [ApiVersion("2.0")]public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase { private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]{"Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"}; [HttpGet] public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get() { var rng = new Random(); return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast { Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index), TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55), Summary = $"v1:{Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]}" }) .ToArray(); } } }
經過參數api-version參數指定版本號;調用結果:api
b)經過Url Path Segment控制版本號(UrlSegmentApiVersionReader):爲控制器添加路由方式以下,apiVersion爲固定格式 app
[Route("/api/v{version:apiVersion}/[controller]")]
調用方式:經過調用路徑傳入版本號,如:http://localhost:5000/api/v1/weatherforecastdom
c)經過Header頭控制版本號:在Startup中設置(HeaderApiVersionReader、MediaTypeApiVersionReader)ide
apiOtions.ApiVersionReader = ApiVersionReader.Combine( new MediaTypeApiVersionReader("api-version"), new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version"));
調用方式,在請求頭或中MediaType中傳遞api版本,以下:ui
a)ReportApiVersions設置爲true時, 返回當前支持版本號(api-supported-versions);Deprecated 參數設置爲true表示已棄用,在響應頭中也有顯示(api-deprecated-versions):this
b)MapToApiVersion標記:容許將單個 API 操做映射到任何版本(能夠在v1的控制器中添加v3的方法);在上面控制器中添加如下代碼,訪問v3版本方法
[HttpGet] [MapToApiVersion("3.0")] public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetV3() { //獲取版本 string v = HttpContext.GetRequestedApiVersion().ToString(); var rng = new Random(); return Enumerable.Range(1, 1).Select(index => new WeatherForecast { Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index), TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55), Summary = $"v{v}:{Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]}" }) .ToArray(); }
c)注意事項:
一、路徑中參數版本高於,其餘方式設置版本
二、多種方式傳遞版本,只能採用一種方式傳遞版本號
三、SwaggerUI中MapToApiVersion設置版本不會單獨顯示
一、添加包:Swashbuckle.AspNetCore、Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning.ApiExplorer
//swaggerui 包 Install-Package Swashbuckle.AspNetCore //api版本 Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning.ApiExplorer
二、修改Startup代碼:
public class Startup { /// <summary> /// Api版本提者信息 /// </summary> private IApiVersionDescriptionProvider provider; // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddControllers(); //根據須要設置,如下內容 services.AddApiVersioning(apiOtions => { //返回響應標頭中支持的版本信息 apiOtions.ReportApiVersions = true; //此選項將用於不提供版本的請求。默認狀況下, 假定的 API 版本爲1.0 apiOtions.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true; //缺省api版本號,支持時間或數字版本號 apiOtions.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0); //支持MediaType、Header、QueryString 設置版本號;缺省爲QueryString設置版本號 apiOtions.ApiVersionReader = ApiVersionReader.Combine( new MediaTypeApiVersionReader("api-version"), new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version"), new QueryStringApiVersionReader("api-version"), new UrlSegmentApiVersionReader()); }); services.AddVersionedApiExplorer(option => { option.GroupNameFormat = "接口:'v'VVV"; option.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true; }); this.provider = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IApiVersionDescriptionProvider>(); services.AddSwaggerGen(options => { foreach (var description in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions) { options.SwaggerDoc(description.GroupName, new Microsoft.OpenApi.Models.OpenApiInfo() { Title = $"接口 v{description.ApiVersion}", Version = description.ApiVersion.ToString(), Description = "切換版本請點右上角版本切換" } ); } options.IncludeXmlComments(this.GetType().Assembly.Location.Replace(".dll", ".xml"), true); }); } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) { //…… //使用ApiVersioning app.UseApiVersioning(); //啓用swaggerui,綁定api版本信息 app.UseSwagger(); app.UseSwaggerUI(c => { foreach (var description in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions) { c.SwaggerEndpoint($"/swagger/{description.GroupName}/swagger.json", description.GroupName.ToUpperInvariant()); } }); //…… } }
三、運行效果:
示例地址:https://github.com/cwsheng/WebAPIVersionDemo