laravel5.5+dingo+JWT開發後臺API

個人github博客： https://zgxxx.github.io/

dingo api 中文文檔： https://www.bookstack.cn/read...
Laravel中使用JWT：https://laravel-china.org/art...
輔助文章： https://www.jianshu.com/p/62b...

參考 https://www.jianshu.com/p/62b... 這篇文章基本就能搭建出環境，我使用的版本跟他同樣 "dingo/api": "2.0.0-alpha1","tymon/jwt-auth": "^1.0.0-rc.1"，不知作別的版本有啥大的區別，可是網上找的其餘一些文章使用的是舊的版本，jwt封裝的東西路徑可能不同，可能會保錯，有些文檔還說要手動添加TymonJWTAuthProvidersLaravelServiceProvider::class和DingoApiProviderLaravelServiceProvider::class，其實新版本不須要。

1. composer.json引入包,執行composer update：

"require": {
    ......
    "dingo/api": "2.0.0-alpha1",
    "tymon/jwt-auth": "^1.0.0-rc.1"
  },

2. 執行下面兩個語句自動生成dingo和jwt的配置文件：

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Dingo\Api\Provider\LaravelServiceProvider"
//config文件夾中生成dingo配置文件---> api.php

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Tymon\JWTAuth\Providers\LaravelServiceProvider"
//config文件夾中生成dingo配置文件---> jwt.php

3. 配置 .env

具體配置可參考 文檔https://www.bookstack.cn/read... ，個人配置是

API_STANDARDS_TREE=vnd
API_PREFIX=api
API_VERSION=v1
API_DEBUG=true
API_SUBTYPE=myapp

還需在命令行執行 php artisan jwt:secret，會在.env自動添加JWT_SECRET，其餘若須要，能夠到各類的配置文件中看，在.env添加便可

4. 關鍵處理

'defaults' => [
        'guard' => 'web',
        'passwords' => 'users',
    ],

    'guards' => [
        'web' => [
            'driver' => 'session',
            'provider' => 'users',
        ],

        'api' => [
            'driver' => 'jwt', 
            'provider' => 'users',
        ],
    ],

這裏須要把api本來的driver => session 改成使用jwt機制，provider對應你要用的用戶認證表，通常就是登陸註冊那張表

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Tymon\JWTAuth\Contracts\JWTSubject;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable implements JWTSubject {
    use Notifiable;

    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name', 'email', 'password', 'unionid'
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be hidden for arrays.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password', 'remember_token',
    ];


    // Rest omitted for brevity

    /**
     * Get the identifier that will be stored in the subject claim of the JWT.
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getJWTIdentifier() {
        return $this->getKey();
    }

    /**
     * Return a key value array, containing any custom claims to be added to the JWT.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getJWTCustomClaims() {
        return [];
    }
}

5. 設置控制器

考慮到可能後面須要開發不一樣版本api，因此在app/Http/Controller下創建了V1，V2目錄，根據你本身的需求來，只要寫好命名空間就ok

<?php
/**
 * Date: 17/10/12
 * Time: 01:07
 */

namespace App\Http\Controllers\V1;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Validator;
use App\User;

class AuthController extends Controller
{

    protected $guard = 'api';//設置使用guard爲api選項驗證，請查看config/auth.php的guards設置項，重要！

    /**
     * Create a new AuthController instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('refresh', ['except' => ['login','register']]);
    }

    public function test(){
        echo "test!!";
    }

    public function register(Request $request)
    {

        $rules = [
            'name' => ['required'],
            'email' => ['required'],
            'password' => ['required', 'min:6', 'max:16'],
        ];

        $payload = $request->only('name', 'email', 'password');
        $validator = Validator::make($payload, $rules);

        // 驗證格式
        if ($validator->fails()) {
            return $this->response->array(['error' => $validator->errors()]);
        }

        // 建立用戶
        $result = User::create([
            'name' => $payload['name'],
            'email' => $payload['email'],
            'password' => bcrypt($payload['password']),
        ]);

        if ($result) {
            return $this->response->array(['success' => '建立用戶成功']);
        } else {
            return $this->response->array(['error' => '建立用戶失敗']);
        }

    }

    /**
     * Get a JWT token via given credentials.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function login(Request $request)
    {
        $credentials = $request->only('email', 'password');

        if ($token = $this->guard()->attempt($credentials)) {
            return $this->respondWithToken($token);
        }

        return $this->response->errorUnauthorized('登陸失敗');
    }

    /**
     * Get the authenticated User
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function me()
    {
        //return response()->json($this->guard()->user());
        return $this->response->array($this->guard()->user());
    }

    /**
     * Log the user out (Invalidate the token)
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function logout()
    {
        $this->guard()->logout();

        //return response()->json(['message' => 'Successfully logged out']);
        return $this->response->array(['message' => '退出成功']);
    }

    /**
     * Refresh a token.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function refresh()
    {
        return $this->respondWithToken($this->guard()->refresh());
    }

    /**
     * Get the token array structure.
     *
     * @param  string $token
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    protected function respondWithToken($token)
    {
        return response()->json([
            'access_token' => $token,
            'token_type' => 'bearer',
            'expires_in' => $this->guard()->factory()->getTTL() * 60
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Get the guard to be used during authentication.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard
     */
    public function guard()
    {
        return Auth::guard($this->guard);
    }
}

控制器中命名空間namespace須要設置好，路由的時候須要用到，
$this->middleware('refresh', ['except' => ['login','register']]);
這裏的中間件使用的是網上找的，用於無痛刷新jwt的token,具體能夠參考這篇文章： https://www.jianshu.com/p/9e9...

6. refresh中間件

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Tymon\JWTAuth\Exceptions\JWTException;
use Tymon\JWTAuth\Http\Middleware\BaseMiddleware;
use Tymon\JWTAuth\Exceptions\TokenExpiredException;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\UnauthorizedHttpException;

class RefreshToken extends BaseMiddleware
{
    /**
     * @author: zhaogx
     * @param $request
     * @param Closure $next
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse|\Illuminate\Http\Response|mixed
     * @throws JWTException
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        // 檢查這次請求中是否帶有 token，若是沒有則拋出異常。
        $this->checkForToken($request);

        // 使用 try 包裹，以捕捉 token 過時所拋出的 TokenExpiredException  異常
        try {
            // 檢測用戶的登陸狀態，若是正常則經過
            if ($this->auth->parseToken()->authenticate()) {
                return $next($request);
            }
            throw new UnauthorizedHttpException('jwt-auth', '未登陸');
        } catch (TokenExpiredException $exception) {
            // 此處捕獲到了 token 過時所拋出的 TokenExpiredException 異常，咱們在這裏須要作的是刷新該用戶的 token 並將它添加到響應頭中
            try {
                // 刷新用戶的 token
                $token = $this->auth->refresh();
                // 使用一次性登陸以保證這次請求的成功
                \Auth::guard('api')->onceUsingId($this->auth->manager()->getPayloadFactory()->buildClaimsCollection()->toPlainArray()['sub']);
            } catch (JWTException $exception) {
                // 若是捕獲到此異常，即表明 refresh 也過時了，用戶沒法刷新令牌，須要從新登陸。
                throw new UnauthorizedHttpException('jwt-auth', $exception->getMessage());
            }
        }

        return $next($request)->withHeaders([
                'Authorization'=> 'Bearer '.$token,
            ]);
    }
}

寫好中間件後須要在app/Http/Kernel.php中注入
protected $routeMiddleware = [
​ ......
​ 'refresh' => RefreshToken::class,
];

7. routes/api.php 設置路由

$api = app('Dingo\Api\Routing\Router');
$api->version('v1', ['namespace' => 'App\Http\Controllers\V1'], function ($api) {
    $api->post('register', 'AuthController@register');
    $api->post('login', 'AuthController@login');
    $api->post('logout', 'AuthController@logout');
    $api->post('refresh', 'AuthController@refresh');
    $api->post('me', 'AuthController@me');
    $api->get('test', 'AuthController@test');
});

這裏有個坑，不要這樣寫$api->post('me',['middleware' =>'refresh'], 'AuthController@me');
這樣雖然能執行這個中間件但執行到$next($request)這裏會出錯，貌似是一個回調報錯 Function name must be a string ，不太清楚具體緣由，能夠這樣寫$api->post('me',, 'AuthController@me')->middleware('refresh');

根據以上幾個步驟就能夠創建起簡單的api後臺基礎，獲取api路由列表能夠使用命令行：
php artisan api:routes
routes:list貌似沒法顯示以上api路由，須要在api.php那裏再寫一遍原始的laravel路由定義才能夠顯示：好比這樣Route::post('api/test', 'AuthController@test');後續會用另外一篇幅來記錄postman和小程序相關知識，能夠關注個人博客：https://zgxxx.github.io