享元模式,「享元」這兩個字在中文裏其實並無什麼特殊的意思,因此咱們要把它拆分來看。「享」就是共享,「元」就是元素,這樣一來彷佛就很容易理解了,共享某些元素嘛。php
GoF定義:運用共享技術有效地支持大量細粒度的對象git
GoF類圖github
代碼實現設計模式
interface Flyweight {
public function operation($extrinsicState) : void;
}
class ConcreteFlyweight implements Flyweight {
private $intrinsicState = 101;
function operation($extrinsicState) : void {
echo '共享享元對象' . ($extrinsicState + $this->intrinsicState) . PHP_EOL;
}
}
class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight implements Flyweight {
private $allState = 1000;
public function operation($extrinsicState) : void {
echo '非共享享元對象:' . ($extrinsicState + $this->allState) . PHP_EOL;
}
}
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定義共享接口以及它的實現,注意這裏有兩個實現,ConcreteFlyweigh進行狀態的共享,UnsharedConcreteFlyweight不共享或者說他的狀態不須要去共享數組
class FlyweightFactory {
private $flyweights = [];
public function getFlyweight($key) : Flyweight {
if (!array_key_exists($key, $this->flyweights)) {
$this->flyweights[$key] = new ConcreteFlyweight();
}
return $this->flyweights[$key];
}
}
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保存那些須要共享的對象,作爲一個工廠來建立須要的共享對象,保證相同的鍵值下只會有惟一的對象,節省相同對象建立的開銷閉包
$factory = new FlyweightFactory();
$extrinsicState = 100;
$flA = $factory->getFlyweight('a');
$flA->operation(--$extrinsicState);
$flB = $factory->getFlyweight('b');
$flB->operation(--$extrinsicState);
$flC = $factory->getFlyweight('c');
$flC->operation(--$extrinsicState);
$flD = new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();
$flD->operation(--$extrinsicState);
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客戶端的調用,讓外部狀態$extrinsicState可以在各個對象之間共享學習
仍是說到科技以換殼爲本這件事上。畢竟,你們都仍是喜歡各類顏色的手機來彰顯本身的個性。以前說過,若是每種顏色咱們都要作一條生產線的話那豈不是一項巨大的投入。還好,每一個型號咱們的工廠(享元工廠)只生產最基本的背景殼(對象),而後經過專門的印刷線(狀態變化)來進行上色不就好啦!嗯,下一款Iphone遲早也會模仿咱們的,看來咱們得先把各類金、各類土豪色集齊才行,說不定還能召喚神龍呢!!優化
完整代碼:github.com/zhangyue050…this
果真不出意外的咱們仍是來發短信,這回的短信依然使用的阿里雲和極光短信來進行發送,不過此次咱們使用享元模式來實現,這裏的享元工廠咱們保存了兩種不一樣類型的對象哦,經過內外狀態來讓它們變幻無窮吧!阿里雲
短信發送類圖
<?php
interface Message {
public function send(User $user);
}
class AliYunMessage implements Message {
private $template;
public function __construct($template) {
$this->template = $template;
}
public function send(User $user) {
echo '使用阿里雲短信向' . $user->GetName() . '發送:';
echo $this->template->GetTemplate(), PHP_EOL;
}
}
class JiGuangMessage implements Message {
private $template;
public function __construct($template) {
$this->template = $template;
}
public function send(User $user) {
echo '使用極光短信向' . $user->GetName() . '發送:';
echo $this->template->GetTemplate(), PHP_EOL;
}
}
class MessageFactory {
private $messages = [];
public function GetMessage(Template $template, $type = 'ali') {
$key = md5($template->GetTemplate() . $type);
if (!key_exists($key, $this->messages)) {
if ($type == 'ali') {
$this->messages[$key] = new AliYunMessage($template);
} else {
$this->messages[$key] = new JiGuangMessage($template);
}
}
return $this->messages[$key];
}
public function GetMessageCount() {
echo count($this->messages);
}
}
class User {
public $name;
public function GetName() {
return $this->name;
}
}
class Template {
public $template;
public function GetTemplate() {
return $this->template;
}
}
// 內部狀態
$t1 = new Template();
$t1->template = '模板1,不錯喲!';
$t2 = new Template();
$t2->template = '模板2,還好啦!';
// 外部狀態
$u1 = new User();
$u1->name = '張三';
$u2 = new User();
$u2->name = '李四';
$u3 = new User();
$u3->name = '王五';
$u4 = new User();
$u4->name = '趙六';
$u5 = new User();
$u5->name = '田七';
// 享元工廠
$factory = new MessageFactory();
// 阿里雲發送
$m1 = $factory->GetMessage($t1);
$m1->send($u1);
$m2 = $factory->GetMessage($t1);
$m2->send($u2);
echo $factory->GetMessageCount(), PHP_EOL; // 1
$m3 = $factory->GetMessage($t2);
$m3->send($u2);
$m4 = $factory->GetMessage($t2);
$m4->send($u3);
echo $factory->GetMessageCount(), PHP_EOL; // 2
$m5 = $factory->GetMessage($t1);
$m5->send($u4);
$m6 = $factory->GetMessage($t2);
$m6->send($u5);
echo $factory->GetMessageCount(), PHP_EOL; // 2
// 加入極光
$m1 = $factory->GetMessage($t1, 'jg');
$m1->send($u1);
$m2 = $factory->GetMessage($t1);
$m2->send($u2);
echo $factory->GetMessageCount(), PHP_EOL; // 3
$m3 = $factory->GetMessage($t2);
$m3->send($u2);
$m4 = $factory->GetMessage($t2, 'jg');
$m4->send($u3);
echo $factory->GetMessageCount(), PHP_EOL; // 4
$m5 = $factory->GetMessage($t1, 'jg');
$m5->send($u4);
$m6 = $factory->GetMessage($t2, 'jg');
$m6->send($u5);
echo $factory->GetMessageCount(), PHP_EOL; // 4
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說明
享元模式的例子說得有點牽強,不過確實這類設計模式在咱們平常的開發中一方面用得很少,另外一方面典型的例子又太經典,反正只要記住它的特色就行了,具體在應用的時候說不許寫完代碼回頭一看你會發現這不就是我學過的享元模式嘛!好了,下一篇咱們學習一個也是比較少用並且複雜的模式,可是也許你也能常常見到哦!組合模式