ipa-server是紅帽身份驗證的一個完整解決方案,上游的開源項目是freeIPA,它自己不提供具體功能,而是整合了389-ds、ipa-server-dns、krb5-server等核心軟件包,造成一個以389-ds(ldap)爲數據存儲後端,krb5-server爲驗證前端,ipa-server-dns爲主機識別,apache+tomcat提供的一個web管理界面,統一的命令行管理界面的身份識別系統。前端
存儲的是主機名(域名)、IP地址、用戶名、密碼等,以讀爲主,所以很是適合ldap的特性。web
驗證服務: Kerberos KDC
存儲服務: Red Hat Directory Server
證書系統: Red Hat Certificate System
域名解析服務: DNS
安全管理服務: SSSD
時間同步服務: NTPapache
Servers Servers manage all of the services used by domain members.後端
Replicas Replica are copies of servers. Once a replica is installed, it is functionally identical to a server.tomcat
Clients Clients, which belong to the Kerberos domains, receive certificates and tickets issued by the servers, and use other centralized services for authentication and authorization.安全
IPA Server和Replicadom
IPA Clienttcp
相關服務端口ide
Service Ports Type HTTP/HTTPS 80, 443 TCP LDAP/LDAPS 389, 636 TCP Kerberos 88, 464 TCP and UDP DNS 53 TCP and UDP NTP 123 UDP
環境概覽測試
角色 主機名 IP地址 網關 DNS
IPA-Server ipa.example.com 192.168.136.251/24 192.168.136.2 192.168.136.2
IPA-Replica replica.example.com 192.268.136.252/24 192.168.136.2 192.168.136.251 192.168.136.2
IPA-Client client1.example.com 192.168.136.100/24 192.168.136.2 192.168.136.251 192.168.136.252 192.168.136.2
設置機器名
# hostnamectl set-hostname ipa.example.com
開放防火牆端口
安裝軟件包
# yum install ipa-server ipa-server-dns
ipa-server-install參數
--hostname=host name -r realm_name -n domain_name --subject=subject_DN -a ipa_admin_password -p directory_manager_password -P kerberos_master_password --idmax=number --idstart=number --ip-address --setup-dns --forwarder=forwarder --no-forwarders --no-reverse
安裝IPA Server
This program will set up the IPA Server. This includes: * Configure a stand-alone CA (dogtag) for certificate management * Configure the Network Time Daemon (ntpd) * Create and configure an instance of Directory Server * Create and configure a Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) * Configure Apache (httpd) * Configure DNS (bind)
卸載IPA Server # ipa-server-install --uninstall
設置機器名
# hostnamectl set-hostname replica.example.com
開放防火牆端口
安裝軟件包
# yum install ipa-server ipa-server-dns
生成gpg文件
在IPA Server上運行
# ipa-replica-prepare replica.example.com --ip-address 192.168.136.252 # scp /var/lib/ipa/replica-info-replica.example.com.gpg root@replica:/var/lib/ipa/
安裝IPA Replica
# ipa-replica-install /var/lib/ipa/replica-info-replica.example.com.gpg \
--setup-dns --forwarder 192.168.136.2 \
-p DM_password -w admin_password
測試IPA Replica
# ipa user-add test_user --first=Test --last=User
# ipa user-show test_user
卸載IPA Replica # ipa-replica-manage del replica.example.com # ipa-server-install --uninstall
設置機器名
# hostnamectl set-hostname client1.example.com
開放防火牆端口
安裝軟件包
# yum install ipa-client
安裝IPA Client
# ipa-client-install --enable-dns-updates --domain EXAMPLE.COM --mkhomedir --no-ntp -p admin
服務管理
# ipactl start|stop|restart|status (IPA服務啓動,中止,重啓,狀態)
用戶管理
添加用戶 # ipa user-add jsmith 修改用戶 # ipa user-mod jsmith --title="Editor III" 刪除用戶 # ipa user-del jsmith查找用戶# ipa user-find smith