VMware虛擬機擴展Linux根目錄磁盤空間（Centos）

時間 2019-11-07

標籤 vmware 虛擬機擴展 linux 目錄磁盤空間 centos 欄目虛擬機简体版

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最近在VMware虛擬機上使用Centos，用着用着，發現虛擬機的磁盤空間不夠了。經過如下步驟成功擴展了根目錄的磁盤空間node

一、Centos 關機，選擇編輯虛擬機設置，硬盤，在實用工具那裏選擇「擴展」docker

填寫擴展的磁盤容量bash

點擊擴展後，VMware會提示磁盤已成功擴展。您必須從客戶機操做系統內部對磁盤從新進行分區和擴展文件系統。也就是說，這裏擴展的磁盤空間，在操做系統裏面還不可用，還沒生效，須要在操做系統裏面進行設置後才能使用。微信

二、啓動客戶機操做系統Centos，查看磁盤狀況app

輸入指令ide

fdisk -l

顯示結果以下工具

Disk /dev/loop0: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/loop1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4568 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c8278

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root: 9135 MB, 9135194112 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1110 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-264224-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 65536 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

其中，能夠看到如今的分區狀況以下oop

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM

三、建立分區 sda3大數據

輸入指令人工智能

fdisk /dev/sda

而後根據命令提示建立分區，具體見如下 # 後面的註釋

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It s strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n   # 輸入 n 表示建立新分區
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3   # 輸入 3 表示sda3，由於前面已經有兩個了
First cylinder (1306-4568, default 1306):     # 回車，按默認值
Using default value 1306
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1306-4568, default 4568):   # 回車，按默認值
Using default value 4568

Command (m for help): w     # 輸入 w 保存退出 
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

再次查看分區狀況

fdisk -l

這時能夠看到

Disk /dev/loop0: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/loop1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4568 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c8278

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            1306        4568    26206700   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root: 9135 MB, 9135194112 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1110 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-264224-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 65536 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

其中，分區已變爲3個了，但這時還沒掛載，還不能用

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1306     9972736   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            1306        4568    26206700   83  Linux

四、重啓操做系統

reboot

五、格式化新分區爲ext3

輸入指令

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3

結果爲

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1638400 inodes, 6551675 blocks
327583 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
200 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

六、將物理硬盤分區初始化爲物理卷，以便被LVM使用，輸入指令

lvs
pvcreate /dev/sda3

七、向卷組中添加物理捲來增長卷組的容量

查看lvm組名，輸入指令 df -h

[root@test001 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root
                      8.3G  5.4G  2.5G  69% /
tmpfs                1001M     0 1001M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   54M  394M  12% /boot

其中，vg_test001 就是根所在的組名

輸入指令，增長卷組的容量

vgextend vg_test001 /dev/sda3

八、查看可擴展的空間大小

輸入指令，顯示LNM卷組的元數據信息

vgdisplay

結果爲

--- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_test001
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               34.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              8831
  Alloc PE / Size       2434 / 9.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       6397 / 24.99 GiB
  VG UUID               JuPKc8-Ydps-1bsN-0Wld-fbYS-0Hd2-NgvX1q

其中 Free PE / Size 就是可供分配的自由空間，最多有 24.99G，在擴展時輸入小於該值

九、擴充磁盤空間

lvextend -L+24G /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root /dev/sda3

十、使用e2fsck指令檢查文件系統錯誤

e2fsck -a /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root

十一、使用resize2fs指令來增大或者收縮未加載的「ext2/ext3」文件系統的大小

resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root

十二、查看擴展空間後的結果

[root@test001 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root
                       32G  5.4G   26G  18% /
tmpfs                1001M     0 1001M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   54M  394M  12% /boot

能夠看出，在根目錄下磁盤空間已經擴容了，大功告成！

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