Vue SSR(Vue2 + Koa2 + Webpack4)配置指南

正如Vue官方所說,SSR配置適合已經熟悉 Vue, webpack 和 Node.js 開發的開發者閱讀。請先移步 ssr.vuejs.org 瞭解手工進行SSR配置的基本內容。css

從頭搭建一個服務端渲染的應用是至關複雜的。若是您有SSR需求,對Webpack及Koa不是很熟悉,請直接使用NUXT.jshtml

本文所述內容示例在 Vue SSR Koa2 腳手架github.com/yi-ge/Vue-S…前端

咱們以撰寫本文時的最新版:Vue 2,Webpack 4,Koa 2爲例。vue

特別說明
此文描述的是API與WEB同在一個項目的狀況下進行的配置,且API、SSR Server、Static均使用了同一個Koa示例,目的是闡述配置方法,全部的報錯顯示在一個終端,方便調試。node

初始化項目

git init
yarn init
touch .gitignore
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.gitignore文件,將常見的目錄放於其中。webpack

.DS_Store
node_modules

# 編譯後的文件如下兩個目錄
/dist/web
/dist/api

# Log files
npm-debug.log*
yarn-debug.log*
yarn-error.log*

# Editor directories and files
.idea
.vscode
*.suo
*.ntvs*
*.njsproj
*.sln
*.sw*
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根據經驗來預先添加確定會用到的依賴項:ios

echo "yarn add cross-env # 跨平臺的環境變量設置工具 koa koa-body # 可選,推薦 koa-compress # 壓縮數據 compressible # https://github.com/jshttp/compressible axios # 此項目做爲API請求工具 es6-promise vue vue-router # vue 路由 注意,SSR必選 vuex # 可選,但推薦使用,本文基於此作Vuex在SSR的優化 vue-template-compiler vue-server-renderer # 關鍵 lru-cache # 配合上面一個插件緩存數據 vuex-router-sync" | sed 's/#[[:space:]].*//g' | tr '\n' ' ' | sed 's/[ ][ ]*/ /g' | bash

echo "yarn add -D webpack webpack-cli webpack-dev-middleware # 關鍵 webpack-hot-middleware # 關鍵 webpack-merge # 合併多個Webpack配置文件的配置 webpack-node-externals # 不打包node_modules裏面的模塊 friendly-errors-webpack-plugin # 顯示友好的錯誤提示插件 case-sensitive-paths-webpack-plugin # 無視路徑大小寫插件 copy-webpack-plugin # 用於拷貝文件的Webpack插件 mini-css-extract-plugin # CSS壓縮插件 chalk # console着色 @babel/core # 不解釋 babel-loader @babel/plugin-syntax-dynamic-import # 支持動態import @babel/plugin-syntax-jsx # 兼容JSX寫法 babel-plugin-syntax-jsx # 不重複,必須的 babel-plugin-transform-vue-jsx babel-helper-vue-jsx-merge-props @babel/polyfill @babel/preset-env file-loader json-loader url-loader css-loader vue-loader vue-style-loader vue-html-loader" | sed 's/#[[:space:]].*//g' | tr '\n' ' ' | sed 's/[ ][ ]*/ /g' | bash
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如今的npm模塊命名愈來愈語義化,基本上都是見名知意。關於Eslint以及Stylus、Less等CSS預處理模塊我沒有添加,其不是本文研究的重點,何況既然您在閱讀本文,這些配置相信早已不在話下了。git

效仿electorn分離main及renderer,在src中建立apiweb目錄。效仿vue-cli,在根目錄下建立public目錄用於存放根目錄下的靜態資源文件。es6

|-- public # 靜態資源
|-- src
    |-- api # 後端代碼
    |-- web # 前端代碼
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譬如NUXT.js,前端服務器代理API進行後端渲染,咱們的配置能夠選擇進行一層代理,也能夠配置減小這層代理,直接返回渲染結果。一般來講,SSR的服務器端渲染只渲染首屏,所以API服務器最好和前端服務器在同一個內網。github

配置package.jsonscripts

"scripts": {
    "serve": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development node config/server.js",
	"start": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production node config/server.js"
}
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yarn serve: 啓動開發調試

yarn start: 運行編譯後的程序

config/app.js導出一些常見配置:

module.exports = {
  app: {
    port: 3000, // 監聽的端口
    devHost: 'localhost', // 開發環境下打開的地址,監聽了0.0.0.0,可是不是全部設備都支持訪問這個地址,用127.0.0.1或localhost代替
    open: true // 是否打開瀏覽器
  }
}
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配置SSR

咱們以Koa做爲調試和實際運行的服務器框架,config/server.js:

const path = require('path')
const Koa = req  uire('koa')
const koaCompress = require('koa-compress')
const compressible = require('compressible')
const koaStatic = require('./koa/static')
const SSR = require('./ssr')
const conf = require('./app')

const isProd = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'

const app = new Koa()

app.use(koaCompress({ // 壓縮數據
  filter: type => !(/event\-stream/i.test(type)) && compressible(type) // eslint-disable-line
}))

app.use(koaStatic(isProd ? path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/web') : path.resolve(__dirname, '../public'), {
  maxAge: 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
})) // 配置靜態資源目錄及過時時間

// vue ssr處理,在SSR中處理API
SSR(app).then(server => {
  server.listen(conf.app.port, '0.0.0.0', () => {
    console.log(`> server is staring...`)
  })
})
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上述文件咱們根據是不是開發環境,配置了對應的靜態資源目錄。須要說明的是,咱們約定編譯後的API文件位於dist/api,前端文件位於dist/web

參考koa-static實現靜態資源的處理,config/koa/static.js:

'use strict'

/** * From koa-static */

const { resolve } = require('path')
const assert = require('assert')
const send = require('koa-send')

/** * Expose `serve()`. */

module.exports = serve

/** * Serve static files from `root`. * * @param {String} root * @param {Object} [opts] * @return {Function} * @api public */

function serve (root, opts) {
  opts = Object.assign({}, opts)

  assert(root, 'root directory is required to serve files')

  // options
  opts.root = resolve(root)
  if (opts.index !== false) opts.index = opts.index || 'index.html'

  if (!opts.defer) {
    return async function serve (ctx, next) {
      let done = false

      if (ctx.method === 'HEAD' || ctx.method === 'GET') {
        if (ctx.path === '/' || ctx.path === '/index.html') { // exclude index.html file
          await next()
          return
        }
        try {
          done = await send(ctx, ctx.path, opts)
        } catch (err) {
          if (err.status !== 404) {
            throw err
          }
        }
      }

      if (!done) {
        await next()
      }
    }
  }

  return async function serve (ctx, next) {
    await next()

    if (ctx.method !== 'HEAD' && ctx.method !== 'GET') return
    // response is already handled
    if (ctx.body != null || ctx.status !== 404) return // eslint-disable-line

    try {
      await send(ctx, ctx.path, opts)
    } catch (err) {
      if (err.status !== 404) {
        throw err
      }
    }
  }
}

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咱們能夠看到,koa-static僅僅是對koa-send進行了簡單封裝(yarn add koa-send)。接下來就是重頭戲SSR相關的配置了, config/ssr.js:

const fs = require('fs')
const path = require('path')
const chalk = require('chalk')
const LRU = require('lru-cache')
const {
  createBundleRenderer
} = require('vue-server-renderer')
const isProd = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
const setUpDevServer = require('./setup-dev-server')
const HtmlMinifier = require('html-minifier').minify

const pathResolve = file => path.resolve(__dirname, file)

module.exports = app => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const createRenderer = (bundle, options) => {
      return createBundleRenderer(bundle, Object.assign(options, {
        cache: LRU({
          max: 1000,
          maxAge: 1000 * 60 * 15
        }),
        basedir: pathResolve('../dist/web'),
        runInNewContext: false
      }))
    }

    let renderer = null
    if (isProd) {
      // prod mode
      const template = HtmlMinifier(fs.readFileSync(pathResolve('../public/index.html'), 'utf-8'), {
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        removeAttributeQuotes: true,
        removeComments: false
      })
      const bundle = require(pathResolve('../dist/web/vue-ssr-server-bundle.json'))
      const clientManifest = require(pathResolve('../dist/web/vue-ssr-client-manifest.json'))
      renderer = createRenderer(bundle, {
        template,
        clientManifest
      })
    } else {
      // dev mode
      setUpDevServer(app, (bundle, options, apiMain, apiOutDir) => {
        try {
          const API = eval(apiMain).default // eslint-disable-line
          const server = API(app)
          renderer = createRenderer(bundle, options)
          resolve(server)
        } catch (e) {
          console.log(chalk.red('\nServer error'), e)
        }
      })
    }

    app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
      if (!renderer) {
        ctx.type = 'html'
        ctx.body = 'waiting for compilation... refresh in a moment.'
        next()
        return
      }

      let status = 200
      let html = null
      const context = {
        url: ctx.url,
        title: 'OK'
      }

      if (/^\/api/.test(ctx.url)) { // 若是請求以/api開頭,則進入api部分進行處理。
        next()
        return
      }

      try {
        status = 200
        html = await renderer.renderToString(context)
      } catch (e) {
        if (e.message === '404') {
          status = 404
          html = '404 | Not Found'
        } else {
          status = 500
          console.log(chalk.red('\nError: '), e.message)
          html = '500 | Internal Server Error'
        }
      }
      ctx.type = 'html'
      ctx.status = status || ctx.status
      ctx.body = html
      next()
    })

    if (isProd) {
      const API = require('../dist/api/api').default
      const server = API(app)
      resolve(server)
    }
  })
}
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這裏新加入了html-minifier模塊來壓縮生產環境的index.html文件(yarn add html-minifier)。其他配置和官方給出的差很少,再也不贅述。只不過Promise返回的是require('http').createServer(app.callback())(詳見源碼)。這樣作的目的是爲了共用一個koa2實例。此外,這裏攔截了/api開頭的請求,將請求交由API Server進行處理(因在同一個Koa2實例,這裏直接next()了)。在public目錄下必須存在index.html文件:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
  <title>{{ title }}</title>
  ...
</head>
<body>
  <!--vue-ssr-outlet-->
</body>
</html>
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開發環境中,處理數據的核心在config/setup-dev-server.js文件:

const fs = require('fs')
const path = require('path')
const chalk = require('chalk')
const MFS = require('memory-fs')
const webpack = require('webpack')
const chokidar = require('chokidar')
const apiConfig = require('./webpack.api.config')
const serverConfig = require('./webpack.server.config')
const webConfig = require('./webpack.web.config')
const webpackDevMiddleware = require('./koa/dev')
const webpackHotMiddleware = require('./koa/hot')
const readline = require('readline')
const conf = require('./app')
const {
  hasProjectYarn,
  openBrowser
} = require('./lib')

const readFile = (fs, file) => {
  try {
    return fs.readFileSync(path.join(webConfig.output.path, file), 'utf-8')
  } catch (e) {}
}

module.exports = (app, cb) => {
  let apiMain, bundle, template, clientManifest, serverTime, webTime, apiTime
  const apiOutDir = apiConfig.output.path
  let isFrist = true

  const clearConsole = () => {
    if (process.stdout.isTTY) {
      // Fill screen with blank lines. Then move to 0 (beginning of visible part) and clear it
      const blank = '\n'.repeat(process.stdout.rows)
      console.log(blank)
      readline.cursorTo(process.stdout, 0, 0)
      readline.clearScreenDown(process.stdout)
    }
  }

  const update = () => {
    if (apiMain && bundle && template && clientManifest) {
      if (isFrist) {
        const url = 'http://' + conf.app.devHost + ':' + conf.app.port
        console.log(chalk.bgGreen.black(' DONE ') + ' ' + chalk.green(`Compiled successfully in ${serverTime + webTime + apiTime}ms`))
        console.log()
        console.log(` App running at: ${chalk.cyan(url)}`)
        console.log()
        const buildCommand = hasProjectYarn(process.cwd()) ? `yarn build` : `npm run build`
        console.log(` Note that the development build is not optimized.`)
        console.log(` To create a production build, run ${chalk.cyan(buildCommand)}.`)
        console.log()
        if (conf.app.open) openBrowser(url)
        isFrist = false
      }
      cb(bundle, {
        template,
        clientManifest
      }, apiMain, apiOutDir)
    }
  }

  // server for api
  apiConfig.entry.app = ['webpack-hot-middleware/client?path=/__webpack_hmr&timeout=2000&reload=true', apiConfig.entry.app]
  apiConfig.plugins.push(
    new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
    new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin()
  )
  const apiCompiler = webpack(apiConfig)
  const apiMfs = new MFS()
  apiCompiler.outputFileSystem = apiMfs
  apiCompiler.watch({}, (err, stats) => {
    if (err) throw err
    stats = stats.toJson()
    if (stats.errors.length) return
    console.log('api-dev...')
    apiMfs.readdir(path.join(__dirname, '../dist/api'), function (err, files) {
      if (err) {
        return console.error(err)
      }
      files.forEach(function (file) {
        console.info(file)
      })
    })
    apiMain = apiMfs.readFileSync(path.join(apiConfig.output.path, 'api.js'), 'utf-8')
    update()
  })
  apiCompiler.plugin('done', stats => {
    stats = stats.toJson()
    stats.errors.forEach(err => console.error(err))
    stats.warnings.forEach(err => console.warn(err))
    if (stats.errors.length) return

    apiTime = stats.time
    // console.log('web-dev')
    // update()
  })

  // web server for ssr
  const serverCompiler = webpack(serverConfig)
  const mfs = new MFS()
  serverCompiler.outputFileSystem = mfs
  serverCompiler.watch({}, (err, stats) => {
    if (err) throw err
    stats = stats.toJson()
    if (stats.errors.length) return
    // console.log('server-dev...')
    bundle = JSON.parse(readFile(mfs, 'vue-ssr-server-bundle.json'))
    update()
  })
  serverCompiler.plugin('done', stats => {
    stats = stats.toJson()
    stats.errors.forEach(err => console.error(err))
    stats.warnings.forEach(err => console.warn(err))
    if (stats.errors.length) return

    serverTime = stats.time
  })

  // web
  webConfig.entry.app = ['webpack-hot-middleware/client?path=/__webpack_hmr&timeout=2000&reload=true', webConfig.entry.app]
  webConfig.output.filename = '[name].js'
  webConfig.plugins.push(
    new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
    new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin()
  )
  const clientCompiler = webpack(webConfig)
  const devMiddleware = webpackDevMiddleware(clientCompiler, {
    // publicPath: webConfig.output.publicPath,
    stats: { // or 'errors-only'
      colors: true
    },
    reporter: (middlewareOptions, options) => {
      const { log, state, stats } = options

      if (state) {
        const displayStats = (middlewareOptions.stats !== false)

        if (displayStats) {
          if (stats.hasErrors()) {
            log.error(stats.toString(middlewareOptions.stats))
          } else if (stats.hasWarnings()) {
            log.warn(stats.toString(middlewareOptions.stats))
          } else {
            log.info(stats.toString(middlewareOptions.stats))
          }
        }

        let message = 'Compiled successfully.'

        if (stats.hasErrors()) {
          message = 'Failed to compile.'
        } else if (stats.hasWarnings()) {
          message = 'Compiled with warnings.'
        }
        log.info(message)

        clearConsole()

        update()
      } else {
        log.info('Compiling...')
      }
    },
    noInfo: true,
    serverSideRender: false
  })
  app.use(devMiddleware)

  const templatePath = path.resolve(__dirname, '../public/index.html')

  // read template from disk and watch
  template = fs.readFileSync(templatePath, 'utf-8')
  chokidar.watch(templatePath).on('change', () => {
    template = fs.readFileSync(templatePath, 'utf-8')
    console.log('index.html template updated.')
    update()
  })

  clientCompiler.plugin('done', stats => {
    stats = stats.toJson()
    stats.errors.forEach(err => console.error(err))
    stats.warnings.forEach(err => console.warn(err))
    if (stats.errors.length) return

    clientManifest = JSON.parse(readFile(
      devMiddleware.fileSystem,
      'vue-ssr-client-manifest.json'
    ))

    webTime = stats.time
  })
  app.use(webpackHotMiddleware(clientCompiler))
}
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因爲篇幅限制,koalib目錄下的文件參考示例代碼。其中lib下的文件均來自vue-cli,主要用於判斷用戶是否使用yarn以及在瀏覽器中打開URL。 這時,爲了適應上述功能的須要,需添加如下模塊(可選):

yarn add memory-fs chokidar readline

yarn add -D opn execa
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經過閱讀config/setup-dev-server.js文件內容,您將發現此處進行了三個webpack配置的處理。

Server for API // 用於處理`/api`開頭下的API接口,提供非首屏API接入的能力

Web server for SSR // 用於服務器端對API的代理請求,實現SSR

WEB // 進行常規靜態資源的處理

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Webpack 配置

|-- config
    |-- webpack.api.config.js // Server for API
    |-- webpack.base.config.js // 基礎Webpack配置
    |-- webpack.server.config.js // Web server for SSR
    |-- webpack.web.config.js // 常規靜態資源
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因爲Webpack的配置較常規Vue項目以及Node.js項目並無太大區別,再也不一一贅述,具體配置請翻閱源碼。

值得注意的是,咱們爲API和WEB指定了別名:

alias: {
  '@': path.join(__dirname, '../src/web'),
  '~': path.join(__dirname, '../src/api'),
  'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js'
},
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此外,webpack.base.config.js 中設定編譯時拷貝public目錄下的文件到dist/web目錄時並不包含index.html文件。

編譯腳本:

"scripts": {
    ...
    "build": "rimraf dist && npm run build:web && npm run build:server && npm run build:api",
    "build:web": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack --config config/webpack.web.config.js --progress --hide-modules",
    "build:server": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack --config config/webpack.server.config.js --progress --hide-modules",
    "build:api": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack --config config/webpack.api.config.js --progress --hide-modules"
},
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執行yarn build進行編譯。編譯後的文件存於/dist目錄下。正式環境請儘可能分離API及SSR Server。

測試

執行yarn serve(開發)或yarn start(編譯後)命令,訪問http://localhost:3000

經過查看源文件能夠看到,首屏渲染結果是這樣的:

➜  ~ curl -s http://localhost:3000/ | grep Hello
  <div id="app" data-server-rendered="true"><div>Hello World SSR</div></div>
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至此,Vue SSR配置完成。

原創內容。文章來源:www.wyr.me/post/593

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