io性能監控、free,ps命令、linux下抓包

時間  2019-11-25
標籤 性能 監控 free 命令 linux 抓包 欄目 系統性能 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

磁盤系統狀態

  • iostat -x 磁盤使用
  • iotop 磁盤使用 安裝 yum install -y iotop
[root@centos01 ~]# iostat
Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 (centos01)  10/25/2018      _x86_64_        (1 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.67    0.00    2.60    2.45    0.00   94.29

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
sda              17.11       219.20        13.41      95583       5845

[root@centos01 ~]# iostat 1 5
Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 (centos01)  10/25/2018      _x86_64_        (1 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.65    0.00    2.52    2.36    0.00   94.47

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
sda              16.54       211.74        12.95      95623       5846

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.00    0.00    1.98    0.00    0.00   98.02

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
sda               0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
sda               0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.00    0.00    0.99    0.00    0.00   99.01

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
sda               0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
sda               0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

[root@centos01 ~]#
[root@centos01 ~]# iostat -x  # 主要關注%util
Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 (centos01)  10/25/2018      _x86_64_        (1 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.58    0.00    2.31    2.13    0.00   94.97

Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await r_await w_await  svctm  %util
sda               1.18     0.06   10.31    4.59   190.68    11.69    27.17     0.10    6.56    8.97    1.15   2.92   4.35

[root@centos01 ~]# iotop
 TID  PRIO  USER     DISK READ  DISK WRITE  SWAPIN     IO>    COMMAND
    1 be/4 root        0.00 B/s    0.00 B/s  0.00 %  0.00 % systemd --switched-r~stem --deserialize 23
    2 be/4 root        0.00 B/s    0.00 B/s  0.00 %  0.00 % [kthreadd]
    3 be/4 root        0.00 B/s    0.00 B/s  0.00 %  0.00 % [ksoftirqd/0]
    ...

free 查看內存使用請款

  • free 查看內存使用狀況
  • free -m / -g / -h
  • buffre/cache區別
  • 公式: total = used + free + buffer/cache
  • avaliable包含free和buffer/cache剩餘部分
[root@centos01 ~]# free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:       1010860     370976     639884       6800        692     209744
-/+ buffers/cache:     160540     850320
Swap:      4194300          0    4194300
[root@centos01 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           987        362        624          6          0        204
-/+ buffers/cache:        156        830
Swap:         4095          0       4095
[root@centos01 ~]# free -h
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          987M       362M       624M       6.6M       692K       204M
-/+ buffers/cache:       156M       830M
Swap:         4.0G         0B       4.0G

讀入方向:
磁盤 --> 內存(cache 緩存) --> cpu
cpu --> 內存(buffer 緩衝) --> 磁盤前端

查看進程狀態

  • ps 查看系統進程當前的狀態
  • 用法： ps aux/-elf
  • STAT部分說明
  • D 不能中斷的進程
  • R run狀態的進程
  • S sleep狀態的進程
  • T 暫停的進程
  • Z 殭屍進程
  • < 高優先級進程
  • N 低優先級進程
  • L 內存中被鎖了內存分頁
  • s 主進程
  • | 多線程進程
    • 前端進程
[root@centos01 ~]# ps aux | head
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.1  0.6  49972  6420 ?        Ss   04:04   0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 23
root         2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:04   0:00 [kthreadd]
root         3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:04   0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root         5  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   04:04   0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root         6  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:04   0:00 [kworker/u128:0]
root         7  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:04   0:00 [migration/0]
root         8  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:04   0:00 [rcu_bh]
root         9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:04   0:00 [rcuob/0]
root        10  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:04   0:00 [rcuob/1]

查看網絡狀態

  • netstat 查看網絡狀態
  • netstat -lnp 查看監聽端口
  • netstat -lntp 只看出tcp的，不包括socket
  • ss -an 和 netstat 差很少
  • netstat -an | awk '/^tcp/{++sta[$NF]} END {for(key in sta) print key,"\t", sta[key]}' # 查看當前系統各網絡狀態對應的鏈接數
[root@centos01 ~]# netstat -lnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2003/master
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1174/sshd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      2003/master
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1174/sshd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:56297           0.0.0.0:*                           504/avahi-daemon: r
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                           504/avahi-daemon: r
raw6       0      0 :::58                   :::*                    7           624/NetworkManager
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   PID/Program name     Path
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     6682     1/systemd            /run/systemd/journal/s           tdout
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     10825    1/systemd            /run/systemd/private
...

[root@centos01 ~]# netstat -an | awk '/^tcp/{++sta[$NF]} END {for(key in sta) print key,"\t", sta[key]}'
LISTEN   4
ESTABLISHED      1  

[root@centos01 ~]# ss -an
Netid State      Recv-Q Send-Q                      Local Address:Port                        Peer Address:Port
nl    UNCONN     0      0                                       0:4194928                                   *    
nl    UNCONN     0      0                                       0:0                                       *
nl    UNCONN     0      0                                       0:624                                     *
nl    UNCONN     0      0                                       0:504                                     *
nl    UNCONN     4352   0                                       4:2304                                    *
nl    UNCONN     768    0                                       4:0                                       *
nl    UNCONN     0      0                                       6:0                                       *
nl    UNCONN     0      0                                       7:516                                     *
...

Linux 抓包工具 tcpdump

  • 抓包工具tcpdump 安裝 yum install -y tcpdump
  • 用法: tcpdump -nn
  • tcpdump -nn -i eno16777736 # eno16777736網卡名
  • tcpdump -nn port 80 # 針對端口
  • tcpdump -nn not port 22 and host 192.168.77.1 # 主機是192.168.77.1但端口不是22的
  • tcpdump -nn -c 10 -w t.cap # 抓取10條中止後存入文件
  • tcpdump -r t.cap
  • 另外一個抓包工具 wireshark, 安裝 yum install -y wireshark
  • 使用方法: tshark -n -t a -R http.request -T fields -e "frame.time" -e "ip.src" -e "http.host" -e "http.request.method" -e "http.request.uri"
[root@centos01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i eno16777736 -c 10 -w 1.cap
tcpdump: listening on eno16777736, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
eno167777310 packets captured
10 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel  

 [root@centos01 ~]# tcpdump -r 1.cap
reading from file 1.cap, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet)
05:39:58.713994 IP 192.168.77.134.ssh > 192.168.77.1.34903: Flags [P.], seq 261524626:261524770, ack 1806092218, win 281, length 144
05:39:58.714241 IP 192.168.77.1.34903 > 192.168.77.134.ssh: Flags [.], ack 144, win 254, length 0
05:40:01.648830 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.77.134 (00:0c:29:b9:56:99 (oui Unknown)) tell 192.168.77.1, length 46
05:40:01.648864 ARP, Reply 192.168.77.134 is-at 00:0c:29:b9:56:99 (oui Unknown), length 28
05:40:50.651068 IP 192.168.77.1.34903 > 192.168.77.134.ssh: Flags [P.], seq 1:65, ack 144, win 254, length 64
05:40:50.653125 IP 192.168.77.134.ssh > 192.168.77.1.34903: Flags [P.], seq 144:208, ack 65, win 281, length 64
05:40:50.701120 IP 192.168.77.1.34903 > 192.168.77.134.ssh: Flags [.], ack 208, win 254, length 0
05:40:52.863015 IP 192.168.77.1.34903 > 192.168.77.134.ssh: Flags [P.], seq 65:129, ack 208, win 254, length 64
05:40:52.863415 IP 192.168.77.134.ssh > 192.168.77.1.34903: Flags [P.], seq 208:272, ack 129, win 281, length 64
05:40:52.912077 IP 192.168.77.1.34903 > 192.168.77.134.ssh: Flags [.], ack 272, win 253, length 0
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