Linux Ubuntu搭建git服務器

1. 安裝 openssh-server ,用於建立SSH服務。html

sudo apt-get install openssl-server

使用命令ps -e|grep ssh,查看ssh服務是否啓動。linux

若是正常啓動,則會顯示相似信息:1966 ?    00:00:00 ssh-agent android

2. 建立用戶名爲git的用戶,用來管理和運行git服務。git

sudo user del -r git // 刪除已經存在的叫git的用戶;
sudo adducer git // 添加用戶名叫git的用戶;

進入git用戶目錄下,建立目錄.ssh,而後在.ssh目錄下建立名爲authorized_keys的文件;github

cd /home/git
sudo mkdir .ssh
cd .ssh
touch authorized_keys

將客戶端的公鑰(生成方法見後文)拷貝到authorized_keys文件中;shell

cat path/id_rsa.pub >> /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys

安裝 git-coreubuntu

sudo apt-get install git-core

3. 初始化服務端倉庫vim

git —bare init /home/git/test1.git

注:該命令會生成一個空倉庫,此時test1.git對應的地址則爲git@hostIp:/home/git/test1.gitbash

或者:服務器

mkdir test1.git
cd test1.git
git —bare init

 

4. 客戶端運行ssh-keygen -t rsa生成密鑰;

生成密鑰後,在.ssh目錄下,會有兩個文件id_rsa和id_rsa.pub文件,id_rsa.pub爲公鑰,經過命令scp /home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.pub gitServer:/home/git將client上生成的公鑰拷貝到gitServer上;

服務端把公鑰添加到authorized_keys文件中後,客戶端就能經過路徑訪問到git倉庫了;

生成密鑰時,會要求你確認保存公鑰的位置(默認爲~/.ssh/id_rsa),而後會讓重複一個密碼兩次,若是不想在使用公鑰的時候輸入密碼,則留空;

假定hostIp爲192.168.1.100

git clone git@192.168.1.100:/home/git/test1.git

 

5. 經常使用git命令

>1. git clone

  語法:git clone 版本庫網址 本地庫名稱(可省略)

>2. git remote

  此命令用於管理遠程主機名,在沒有參數的狀況下能夠列出全部主機名;

  git remote
  origin

  顯示origin是在使用clone命令,克隆遠程版本庫時git自動爲遠程主機命令;

  經過git remote -v 查看版本庫的地址;

>3. git fetch

  語法:git fetch origin(git fetch origin master)

  默認狀況下,git fetch origin將會更新遠程主機origin上全部分支,若是隻想更新某個分支則在主機名後加分支名

>4. git push

  語法:git push 遠程主機名 本地分支名:遠程分支名

  若是省略遠程分支名,則表示將本地分支推送與存在最終關係的遠程分支,若是遠程分支不存在,則會被建立;

  git push origin master,表示將本地master分支推送到origin主機的master分支;

  若是省略本地分支名,則表示要刪除遠程主機中的分支,如git push origin : master,則表示刪除origin主機中的master分支;

>5. git pull

  語法:git pull 遠程主機 遠程分支:本地分支 如:git pull origin master:master,表示將遠程主機origin中的master分支更新到本地分支master;

 

6. 每次添加一個新項目都須要經過shell登入主機並建立一個純倉庫,咱們不妨以gitServer做爲git用戶和倉庫所在的主機名,若是你在網絡內部運行該主機,而且在DNS中設定gitServer指向該主機,則如下這些命令都是可用的:

cd myproject
git init
git add .
git commit -m 「initial commit」
git remote add origin git@gitServer:test1.git
git push origin master

建立一個版本庫倉庫

這樣,其它人的克隆和推送也同樣

git clone git@gitServer:/test1.git
vim README
git commit -am ‘fix for the README file’
git push origin master

7. 做爲一個額外的防禦措施,能夠用git自帶的git-shell工具來把git用戶的活動限制在僅與git相關。把它設爲git用戶登入的shell,那麼該用戶就不能擁有主機正常的shell訪問權,爲了實現這一點,須要指明用戶的登入shell爲git-shell,而不是 bash 或者 csh,能夠經過編輯/etc/passwd文件

sudo vim /etc/passwd

在文件末尾,找到相似此行

git:x:1000:1000::/home/git:/bin/sh

將bin/sh改成/usr/bin/git-shell

git:x:1000:1000::/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell

如今git用戶只能用ssh鏈接來推送和獲取git倉庫,而不能直接使用主機shell。

 

8. Q&A

(1)

Q:

xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject2$ git push origin master

Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.

git@localhost's password: 

error: src refspec master does not match any.

error: failed to push some refs to 'git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/'

A:若是初始的代碼倉庫爲空,git push origin master提交代碼的時候會出現以上異常

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81022.htm 

(2)

Q:

xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject2$ git push origin master

Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.

git@localhost's password: 

Permission denied, please try again.

git@localhost's password: 

Counting objects: 3, done.

Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 213 bytes, done.

Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)

error: insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database ./objects

fatal: failed to write object

error: unpack failed: unpack-objects abnormal exit

To git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/

 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (n/a (unpacker error))

error: failed to push some refs to 'git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/'

A: 服務器無權限。

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53e449530101349s.html

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1918524/error-pushing-to-github-insufficient-permission-for-adding-an-object-to-reposi 

sudo chown -R git:gitgroup path/to/repo.git/
// or
sudo chown -R git:git path/to/repo.git/

(3)

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81022.htm

Q:

xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject2$ git push origin master

Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.

git@localhost's password: 

Counting objects: 3, done.

Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 213 bytes, done.

Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)

remote: error: refusing to update checked out branch: refs/heads/master

remote: error: By default, updating the current branch in a non-bare repository

remote: error: is denied, because it will make the index and work tree inconsistent

remote: error: with what you pushed, and will require 'git reset --hard' to match

remote: error: the work tree to HEAD.

remote: error: 

remote: error: You can set 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to

remote: error: 'ignore' or 'warn' in the remote repository to allow pushing into

remote: error: its current branch; however, this is not recommended unless you

remote: error: arranged to update its work tree to match what you pushed in some

remote: error: other way.

remote: error: 

remote: error: To squelch this message and still keep the default behaviour, set

remote: error: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'.

To git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/

 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out)

error: failed to push some refs to 'git@localhost:/opt/git/project.git/'

A:

$cd .git

$vim config

該配置文件的原始內容爲:

[core]

        repositoryformatversion = 0

        filemode = true

        bare = false

        logallrefupdates = true

在該配置文件中加入如下內容:

[receive]

denyCurrentBranch = ignore

(4)

Linux服務器:Ubuntu配置git服務 - 逸雲沙鷗

http://www.xue5.com/Server/Linux/667461.html

(5)爲了集成到SCM,咱們在Linxu上安裝GIT

http://www.examw.com/linux/all/182529/index-2.html

LINUX上建立GIT服務器

http://lionest.iteye.com/blog/1447310

http://blog.csdn.net/andy_android/article/details/6996134

Receiving objects:  26% (5668/21560), 8.06 MiB | 183 KiB/s      21560)   

(6)

Q:

xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject.git$ git push origin master ssh: connect to host xiongmc-desktop port 22: Connection refused

fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject.git$ git push origin master 

ssh: connect to host xiongmc-desktop port 22: Connection refused

fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

A:

http://blog.csdn.net/zlm_250/article/details/7979221

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

sudo net start sshd  

sudo ufw disable 

ssh localhost  

(7)

Q:

ubuntu系統下關於'xx'用戶不在 sudoers文件中,此事將被報告。的解決方法 

A:

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_bede36550101b0av.html

git ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL 

(8)

Q:

xiongmc@xiongmc-desktop:~/myproject.git$ git push origin master 

git@xiongmc-desktop's password: 

fatal: '/opt/git/project.git' does not appear to be a git repository

fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

A:

http://www.dotkam.com/2010/08/22/gitolite-does-not-appear-to-be-a-git-repository/

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