Hyperledger Fabric初識與環境搭建

時間 2019-11-08

標籤 hyperledger fabric 環境搭建简体版

原文原文鏈接

目錄node

Fabric簡介
Fabric環境搭建
Fabric目錄結構
Node環境搭建

一.Fabric 簡介linux

在介紹咱們的主角Fabric以前，咱們先來介紹一下它的父項目:Hyperledger-超級帳本git

Hyperledger 項目是首個面向企業的開放區塊鏈技術的重要探索。在 Linux 基金會的支持下，吸引了包括 IBM、Intel、摩根等在內的衆多科技和金融巨頭的參與。github

1.發展歷史golang

區塊鏈已經成爲當下最受人關注的開源技術，有人說它將顛覆金融行業的將來。然而對不少人來講，區塊鏈技術難以理解和實現，並且缺少統一的規範。算法

2015 年 12 月，開源世界的旗艦——Linux 基金會牽頭，聯合 30 家初始企業成員（包括 IBM、Accenture、Intel、J.P.Morgan、R三、DAH、DTCC、FUJITSU、HITACHI、SWIFT、Cisco 等），共同宣告了 Hyperledger 項目的成立。該項目試圖打造一個透明、公開、去中心化的分佈式帳本項目，做爲區塊鏈技術的開源規範和標準，讓更多的應用能更容易的創建在區塊鏈技術之上。項目官方信息網站在 hyperledger.org，docker

目前已經有超過 120 家全球知名企業和機構（大部分均爲各自行業的領導者）宣佈加入 Hyperledger 項目，其中包括 30 家來自中國本土的企業，包括艾億新融旗下的艾億數融科技公司（2016.05.19）、Onchain（2016.06.22）、比鄰雙贏（Belink）信息技術有限公司（2016.06.22）、BitSE（2016.06.22）、布比（2016.07.27）、三一重工（2016.08.30）、萬達金融（2016.09.08）、華爲（2016.10.24）等。shell

若是說以比特幣爲表明的貨幣區塊鏈技術爲 1.0，以以太坊爲表明的合同區塊鏈技術爲 2.0，那麼實現了完備的權限控制和安全保障的 Hyperledger 項目毫無疑問表明着 3.0 時代的到來。數據庫

IBM 貢獻了數萬行已有的 Open Blockchain 代碼，Digital Asset 則貢獻了企業和開發者相關資源，R3 貢獻了新的金融交易架構，Intel 也剛貢獻了跟分佈式帳本相關的代碼。npm

Hyperledger 社區由技術委員會（Technical Steering Committee，TSC）指導，首任主席由來自 IBM 開源技術部 CTO 的 Chris Ferris 擔任，管理組主席則由來自 Digital Asset Holdings 的 CEO Blythe Masters 擔任。另外，自 2016 年 5 月起，Apache 基金會創始人 Brian Behlendorf 擔任超級帳本項目的首位執行董事。2016 年 12 月，中國技術工做組正式成立，負責本土社區組織和技術引導工做。官方網站也提供了十分詳細的組織結構信息。

該項目的出現，實際上宣佈區塊鏈技術已經再也不是僅面向「社會實驗」性質的應用場景，它已經正式被主流機構和企業市場承認；同時，Hyperledger 首次提出和實現的完備權限管理、創新的一致性算法和可拔插、可擴展的框架，對於區塊鏈相關技術和產業的發展都將產生深遠的影響。

2.項目組成

目前主要包括三大帳本平臺項目和若干其它項目。

帳本平臺項目：

**Fabric：包括 Fabric、Fabric CA、Fabric SDK（包括 Node.Js、Python 和 Java 等語言）和 fabric-api、fabric-sdk-node、fabric-sdk-py 等，目標是區塊鏈的基礎核心平臺，支持 pbft 等新的 consensus 機制，支持權限管理，最先由 IBM 和 DAH 發起；https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric
SawToothLake：包括 arcade、core、dev-tools、validator、mktplace 等。是 Intel 主要發起和貢獻的區塊鏈平臺，支持全新的基於硬件芯片的共識機制 Proof of Elapsed Time（PoET）。
Iroha：帳本平臺項目，基於 C++ 實現，帶有很多面向 Web 和 Mobile 的特性，主要由 Soramitsu 發起和貢獻。

其它項目：

Blockchain Explorer：提供 Web 操做界面，經過界面快速查看查詢綁定區塊鏈的狀態（區塊個數、交易歷史）信息等。
Cello：提供"Blockchain as a Service" 功能，使用 Cello，管理員能夠輕鬆獲取和管理多條區塊鏈；應用開發者能夠無需關心如何搭建和維護區塊鏈。

項目約定共同遵照的基本原則爲：

重視模塊化設計，包括交易、合同、一致性、身份、存儲等技術場景；
代碼可讀性，保障新功能和模塊均可以很容易添加和擴展；
演化路線，隨着需求的深刻和更多的應用場景，不斷增長和演化新的項目。

3.聯盟鏈VS公鏈

公鏈：

針對全部用戶

激勵機制->代幣

聯盟鏈

針對特定的組織用戶

沒有激勵機制

應用程序

數據共享

每個行業均可以組成一個聯盟

二.Fabric環境搭建

1.安裝環境

推薦在 Linux（如 Ubuntu 16.04+）或 MacOS 環境中開發代碼，並安裝以下工具。

git：用來獲取代碼。

vim: 用來進行文本編輯

curl: 部署腳本中會使用curl命令

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install git vim curl -y

Docker 1.12+：用來支持容器環境，注意 MacOS 下要用 Docker for Mac。

$ sudo apt install docker.io docker-compose -y

golang 1.10+安裝成功後須要配置 $GOPATH 等環境變量。

Fabric1.1.0版本要求Go1.9+
Fabric1.0.0版本要求Go1.7+

$ tar -zxvf go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

2.配置環境變量

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

添加以下內容

export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$PATH

讓配置生效

$ source /etc/profile
$ go version

3.下載源碼和鏡像

3.1 建立存放目錄

$ mkdir hyfa ;cd hyfa

3.2 下載源碼與鏡像

https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric/blob/master/scripts/bootstrap.sh

bootstrap.sh 腳本內容，默認版本爲最新的版本:1.2.0

若是須要下載不一樣的版本號，$1=指定版本號便可，如./bootstrap.sh 1.1.0

#!/bin/bash
#
# Copyright IBM Corp. All Rights Reserved.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#

# if version not passed in, default to latest released version
export VERSION=1.2.0
# if ca version not passed in, default to latest released version
export CA_VERSION=$VERSION
# current version of thirdparty images (couchdb, kafka and zookeeper) released
export THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION=0.4.10
export ARCH=$(echo "$(uname -s|tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'|sed 's/mingw64_nt.*/windows/')-$(uname -m | sed 's/x86_64/amd64/g')")
export MARCH=$(uname -m)

printHelp() {
  echo "Usage: bootstrap.sh [<version>] [<ca_version>] [<thirdparty_version>][-d -s -b]"
  echo
  echo "-d - bypass docker image download"
  echo "-s - bypass fabric-samples repo clone"
  echo "-b - bypass download of platform-specific binaries"
  echo
  echo "e.g. bootstrap.sh 1.2.0 -s"
  echo "would download docker images and binaries for version 1.2.0"
}

dockerFabricPull() {
  local FABRIC_TAG=$1
  for IMAGES in peer orderer ccenv tools; do
      echo "==> FABRIC IMAGE: $IMAGES"
      echo
      docker pull hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$FABRIC_TAG
      docker tag hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$FABRIC_TAG hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES
  done
}

dockerThirdPartyImagesPull() {
  local THIRDPARTY_TAG=$1
  for IMAGES in couchdb kafka zookeeper; do
      echo "==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: $IMAGES"
      echo
      docker pull hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$THIRDPARTY_TAG
      docker tag hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$THIRDPARTY_TAG hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES
  done
}

dockerCaPull() {
      local CA_TAG=$1
      echo "==> FABRIC CA IMAGE"
      echo
      docker pull hyperledger/fabric-ca:$CA_TAG
      docker tag hyperledger/fabric-ca:$CA_TAG hyperledger/fabric-ca
}

samplesInstall() {
  # clone (if needed) hyperledger/fabric-samples and checkout corresponding
  # version to the binaries and docker images to be downloaded
  if [ -d first-network ]; then
    # if we are in the fabric-samples repo, checkout corresponding version
    echo "===> Checking out v${VERSION} branch of hyperledger/fabric-samples"
    git checkout v${VERSION}
  elif [ -d fabric-samples ]; then
    # if fabric-samples repo already cloned and in current directory,
    # cd fabric-samples and checkout corresponding version
    echo "===> Checking out v${VERSION} branch of hyperledger/fabric-samples"
    cd fabric-samples && git checkout v${VERSION}
  else
    echo "===> Cloning hyperledger/fabric-samples repo and checkout v${VERSION}"
    git clone -b master https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric-samples.git && cd fabric-samples && git checkout v${VERSION}
  fi
}

# Incrementally downloads the .tar.gz file locally first, only decompressing it
# after the download is complete. This is slower than binaryDownload() but
# allows the download to be resumed.
binaryIncrementalDownload() {
      local BINARY_FILE=$1
      local URL=$2
      curl -f -s -C - ${URL} -o ${BINARY_FILE} || rc=$?
      # Due to limitations in the current Nexus repo:
      # curl returns 33 when there's a resume attempt with no more bytes to download
      # curl returns 2 after finishing a resumed download
      # with -f curl returns 22 on a 404
      if [ "$rc" = 22 ]; then
      # looks like the requested file doesn't actually exist so stop here
      return 22
      fi
      if [ -z "$rc" ] || [ $rc -eq 33 ] || [ $rc -eq 2 ]; then
          # The checksum validates that RC 33 or 2 are not real failures
          echo "==> File downloaded. Verifying the md5sum..."
          localMd5sum=$(md5sum ${BINARY_FILE} | awk '{print $1}')
          remoteMd5sum=$(curl -s ${URL}.md5)
          if [ "$localMd5sum" == "$remoteMd5sum" ]; then
              echo "==> Extracting ${BINARY_FILE}..."
              tar xzf ./${BINARY_FILE} --overwrite
          echo "==> Done."
              rm -f ${BINARY_FILE} ${BINARY_FILE}.md5
          else
              echo "Download failed: the local md5sum is different from the remote md5sum. Please try again."
              rm -f ${BINARY_FILE} ${BINARY_FILE}.md5
              exit 1
          fi
      else
          echo "Failure downloading binaries (curl RC=$rc). Please try again and the download will resume from where it stopped."
          exit 1
      fi
}

# This will attempt to download the .tar.gz all at once, but will trigger the
# binaryIncrementalDownload() function upon a failure, allowing for resume
# if there are network failures.
binaryDownload() {
      local BINARY_FILE=$1
      local URL=$2
      echo "===> Downloading: " ${URL}
      # Check if a previous failure occurred and the file was partially downloaded
      if [ -e ${BINARY_FILE} ]; then
          echo "==> Partial binary file found. Resuming download..."
          binaryIncrementalDownload ${BINARY_FILE} ${URL}
      else
          curl ${URL} | tar xz || rc=$?
          if [ ! -z "$rc" ]; then
              echo "==> There was an error downloading the binary file. Switching to incremental download."
              echo "==> Downloading file..."
              binaryIncrementalDownload ${BINARY_FILE} ${URL}
      else
          echo "==> Done."
          fi
      fi
}

binariesInstall() {
  echo "===> Downloading version ${FABRIC_TAG} platform specific fabric binaries"
  binaryDownload ${BINARY_FILE} https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric/${ARCH}-${VERSION}/${BINARY_FILE}
  if [ $? -eq 22 ]; then
     echo
     echo "------> ${FABRIC_TAG} platform specific fabric binary is not available to download <----"
     echo
   fi

  echo "===> Downloading version ${CA_TAG} platform specific fabric-ca-client binary"
  binaryDownload ${CA_BINARY_FILE} https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric-ca/hyperledger-fabric-ca/${ARCH}-${CA_VERSION}/${CA_BINARY_FILE}
  if [ $? -eq 22 ]; then
     echo
     echo "------> ${CA_TAG} fabric-ca-client binary is not available to download  (Available from 1.1.0-rc1) <----"
     echo
   fi
}

dockerInstall() {
  which docker >& /dev/null
  NODOCKER=$?
  if [ "${NODOCKER}" == 0 ]; then
      echo "===> Pulling fabric Images"
      dockerFabricPull ${FABRIC_TAG}
      echo "===> Pulling fabric ca Image"
      dockerCaPull ${CA_TAG}
      echo "===> Pulling thirdparty docker images"
      dockerThirdPartyImagesPull ${THIRDPARTY_TAG}
      echo
      echo "===> List out hyperledger docker images"
      docker images | grep hyperledger*
  else
    echo "========================================================="
    echo "Docker not installed, bypassing download of Fabric images"
    echo "========================================================="
  fi
}

DOCKER=true
SAMPLES=true
BINARIES=true

# Parse commandline args pull out
# version and/or ca-version strings first
if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
  VERSION=$1;shift
  if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
    CA_VERSION=$1;shift
    if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
      THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION=$1;shift
    fi
  fi
fi

# prior to 1.2.0 architecture was determined by uname -m
if [[ $VERSION =~ ^1\.[0-1]\.* ]]; then
  export FABRIC_TAG=${MARCH}-${VERSION}
  export CA_TAG=${MARCH}-${CA_VERSION}
  export THIRDPARTY_TAG=${MARCH}-${THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION}
else
  # starting with 1.2.0, multi-arch images will be default
  : ${CA_TAG:="$CA_VERSION"}
  : ${FABRIC_TAG:="$VERSION"}
  : ${THIRDPARTY_TAG:="$THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION"}
fi

BINARY_FILE=hyperledger-fabric-${ARCH}-${VERSION}.tar.gz
CA_BINARY_FILE=hyperledger-fabric-ca-${ARCH}-${CA_VERSION}.tar.gz

# then parse opts
while getopts "h?dsb" opt; do
  case "$opt" in
    h|\?)
      printHelp
      exit 0
    ;;
    d)  DOCKER=false
    ;;
    s)  SAMPLES=false
    ;;
    b)  BINARIES=false
    ;;
  esac
done

if [ "$SAMPLES" == "true" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Installing hyperledger/fabric-samples repo"
  echo
  samplesInstall
fi
if [ "$BINARIES" == "true" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Installing Hyperledger Fabric binaries"
  echo
  binariesInstall
fi
if [ "$DOCKER" == "true" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Installing Hyperledger Fabric docker images"
  echo
  dockerInstall
fi

3.3 執行腳本

$chmod +x bootstrap.sh   ; ./bootstrap.sh

(1) 下載源碼包

下載fabric壓縮包

===> Downloading version 1.2.0 platform specific fabric binaries
===> Downloading: https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric/linux-amd64-1.2.0/hyperledger-fabric-linux-amd64-1.2.0.tar.gz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 39.0M 100 39.0M 0 0 482k 0 0:01:22 0:01:22 --:--:-- 450k
==> Done.
下載fabric-ca-client壓縮包

===> Downloading version 1.2.0 platform specific fabric-ca-client binary
===> Downloading: https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric-ca/hyperledger-fabric-ca/linux-amd64-1.2.0/hyperledger-fabric-ca-linux-amd64-1.2.0.tar.gz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 4940k 100 4940k 0 0 435k 0 0:00:11 0:00:11 --:--:-- 538k
==> Done.

(2)下載Fabric核心模塊鏡像

peer ：fabric環境中的peer容器, 主要用來背書, 記帳
peer模塊是主節點模塊，負責存儲區塊鏈數據，運行維護鏈碼

==> FABRIC IMAGE: peer

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-peer
b234f539f7a1: Pull complete
55172d420b43: Pull complete
5ba5bbeb6b91: Pull complete
43ae2841ad7a: Pull complete
f6c9c6de4190: Pull complete
c6af77e36488: Pull complete
964f7f4f22f3: Pull complete
d4a3f4cfba3d: Pull complete
73782018d902: Pull complete
039eb34e730e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:949b38bad9496d7694b54d30b90b72653804d761a44d721c4dc7a16a5cbcabe8
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-peer:1.2.0
order：主要用於對交易排序且生成區塊

orderer模塊負責對交易進行排序，並將排序好的交易打包成區塊。

==> FABRIC IMAGE: orderer

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-orderer
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 
55172d420b43: Already exists 
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists 
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists 
c6af77e36488: Already exists 
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 
d4a3f4cfba3d: Already exists 
8d0e11f5a0f7: Pull complete 
0bda0f004d88: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1a8cbe6abef245432730035d08ea1d1aa54a50717136fa3be58f8af4570ad57e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-orderer:1.2.0

ccenv：針對Go語言的容器

==> FABRIC IMAGE: ccenv

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-ccenv
b234f539f7a1: Already exists
55172d420b43: Already exists
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists
c6af77e36488: Already exists
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists
13cd31405e09: Pull complete
e03b35c19d96: Pull complete
96c2920985e3: Pull complete
e91461be8304: Pull complete
950c3368692b: Pull complete
c5de8d20c137: Pull complete
5536b64bc67b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0a7fb37111cafce79cf89ca8d1af5ca6f721e60a8bd1b2b93521e671e3348af2
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-ccenv:1.2.0
tools：fabric環境中的工具容器, 主要用來測試客戶端

==> FABRIC IMAGE: tools

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-tools
b234f539f7a1: Already exists
55172d420b43: Already exists
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists
c6af77e36488: Already exists
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists
13cd31405e09: Already exists
e03b35c19d96: Already exists
96c2920985e3: Already exists
e91461be8304: Already exists
314928def9dd: Pull complete
d5b68ae13f8d: Pull complete
dde25187799d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:284f997b33d6745b52d378f8c7ba1a208b8c13633f3ef63e68377b1986077cb6
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-tools:1.2.0

(3)下載Fabric的CA鏡像

Fabric環境中的CA容器(fabric-ca: 用於認證, 根據配置文件中指定的路徑檢查當前用戶是否合法)

===> Pulling fabric ca Image
==> FABRIC CA IMAGE

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-ca
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 
55172d420b43: Already exists 
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists 
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists 
c6af77e36488: Already exists 
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 
f7a6370a6f7f: Pull complete 
37cc94e973b2: Pull complete 
a80e45d2f608: Pull complete 
8feb19f73d3a: Pull complete 
5f3ea048e0c0: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0a6f8b3af8537fa725dc40d09565c77b1b284f848f653c32cb4125b3134a8726
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-ca:1.2.0

(4) 下載第三方鏡像

couchdb：是一個可選DB，可選, 可將Fabric中默認的DB替代爲couchDB
Apache CouchDB是一個開源數據庫，它是一個使用JSON做爲存儲格式，JavaScript做爲查詢語言，MapReduce和HTTP做爲API的NoSQL數據庫。

===> Pulling thirdparty docker images
==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: couchdb

0.4.10: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-couchdb
b234f539f7a1: Already exists
55172d420b43: Already exists
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists
c6af77e36488: Already exists
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists
13cd31405e09: Already exists
e03b35c19d96: Already exists
96c2920985e3: Already exists
e91461be8304: Already exists
6a752ce8f7fe: Pull complete
a49e2cb854b0: Pull complete
493b25e70e6d: Pull complete
2721753a3e7c: Pull complete
adede0f2a5f1: Pull complete
9eb593f76305: Pull complete
bb49a3450e11: Pull complete
929b9bb5d788: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d7eb3fd24acafaeaaae94a44659409270b89bd599d017cf9d5b75d8f21438b51
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-couchdb:0.4.10
kafka ：
Kafka是一個消息系統，本來開發自LinkedIn，用做LinkedIn的活動流（Activity Stream）和運營數據處理管道（Pipeline）的基礎。如今它已被多家不一樣類型的公司做爲多種類型的數據管道和消息系統使用。

==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: kafka

0.4.10: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-kafka
b234f539f7a1: Already exists
55172d420b43: Already exists
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists
c6af77e36488: Already exists
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists
13cd31405e09: Already exists
e03b35c19d96: Already exists
96c2920985e3: Already exists
e91461be8304: Already exists
146aa6695f33: Pull complete
954e41d8cd46: Pull complete
9d750070047f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7c07db5b38ca3259528b3e53691ecd273e44d1521218aa8f3a5dc34ab6947ff5
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-kafka:0.4.10
zookeeper：主要用來做共識，在開發測試環境下可選, 通常在開發測試環境下爲單點模式

ZooKeeper曾是Hadoop的正式子項目，後發展成爲Apache頂級項目，與Hadoop密切相關但卻沒有任何依賴。它是一個針對大型應用提供高可用的數據管理、應用程序協調服務的分佈式服務框架，基於對Paxos算法的實現，使該框架保證了分佈式環境中數據的強一致性，提供的功能包括：配置維護、統一命名服務、狀態同步服務、集羣管理等。

==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: zookeeper

0.4.10: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 
55172d420b43: Already exists 
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists 
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists 
c6af77e36488: Already exists 
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 
13cd31405e09: Already exists 
e03b35c19d96: Already exists 
96c2920985e3: Already exists 
e91461be8304: Already exists 
c335e6e59168: Pull complete 
016e000b0cc8: Pull complete 
e716b0c9790c: Pull complete 
390f47e71470: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:151fe67421663fe860c1aba4b80877a22b6b8fa18cbc97990c309c603cd6f5f1
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper:0.4.10

3.4 腳本執行結果

(1) 源碼包文件結構

bruce@ubuntu:~$ls hyfa/fabric-samples/ -l

返回結果

total 76
drwxrwxr-x 5 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 balance-transfer
drwxrwxr-x 4 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 basic-network
drwxrwxr-x 2  1001  1001  4096 Jul  3 13:41 bin
drwxrwxr-x 8 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 chaincode
drwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 chaincode-docker-devmode
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce   597 Jul 10 00:59 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
drwxrwxr-x 2  1001  1001  4096 Jul  3 12:04 config
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce   961 Jul 10 00:59 CONTRIBUTING.md
drwxrwxr-x 2 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 fabcar
drwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 fabric-ca
drwxrwxr-x 6 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 first-network
drwxrwxr-x 4 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 high-throughput
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce  3095 Jul 10 00:59 Jenkinsfile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce 11358 Jul 10 00:59 LICENSE
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce   470 Jul 10 00:59 MAINTAINERS.md
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce  1229 Jul 10 00:59 README.md
drwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 scripts

(2) 查看docker鏡像

bruce@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images

返回結果

REPOSITORY                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hyperledger/fabric-ca          1.2.0               66cc132bd09c        6 days ago          252MB
hyperledger/fabric-ca          latest              66cc132bd09c        6 days ago          252MB
hyperledger/fabric-tools       1.2.0               379602873003        6 days ago          1.51GB
hyperledger/fabric-tools       latest              379602873003        6 days ago          1.51GB
hyperledger/fabric-ccenv       1.2.0               6acf31e2d9a4        6 days ago          1.43GB
hyperledger/fabric-ccenv       latest              6acf31e2d9a4        6 days ago          1.43GB
hyperledger/fabric-orderer     1.2.0               4baf7789a8ec        6 days ago          152MB
hyperledger/fabric-orderer     latest              4baf7789a8ec        6 days ago          152MB
hyperledger/fabric-peer        1.2.0               82c262e65984        6 days ago          159MB
hyperledger/fabric-peer        latest              82c262e65984        6 days ago          159MB
hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper   0.4.10              2b51158f3898        11 days ago         1.44GB
hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper   latest              2b51158f3898        11 days ago         1.44GB
hyperledger/fabric-kafka       0.4.10              936aef6db0e6        11 days ago         1.45GB
hyperledger/fabric-kafka       latest              936aef6db0e6        11 days ago         1.45GB
hyperledger/fabric-couchdb     0.4.10              3092eca241fc        11 days ago         1.61GB
hyperledger/fabric-couchdb     latest              3092eca241fc        11 days ago         1.61GB

4.再次配置環境變量

爲fabric的相關命令配置環境變量

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

添加以下內容：

FabricSampleDir="/home/bruce/hyfa/fabric-samples"
export PATH=${FabricSampleDir}/bin:$PATH

讓配置生效

$ source /etc/profile

三.Fabric目錄結構

1.三大核心工具

fabric-samples/bin/cryptogen
        cryptogen: 根據指定的配置文件,生成組織結構及×××書的工具

fabric-samples/bin/configtxgen
        configtxgen: 主要生成三種配置文件
            1. 生成Orderer初始區塊
            2. 生成應用通道交易配置文件
            3. 錨節點更新配置文件
                錨節點: 數據交換
fabric-samples/bin/configtxlator
        configtxlator: 用來在正在運行的網絡聯盟鏈中添加一個新的組織

2.關鍵目錄

chaincode/
        Fabric示例鏈碼所在目錄
chaincode-docker-devmode/
        開啓開發測試模式
        在開發測試模式下鏈碼的存放目錄
config/
        關於orderer及peer配置信息的文件存放目錄
        configtx.yaml: 生成初始區塊及應用通道交易配置文件的參考
        core.yaml: peer配置信息的參考
        orderer.yaml: orderer配置信息的參考
fabcar/
        測試Node環境的所在目錄
        有一個小汽車的應用示例
fabric-ca/
        fabric基礎環境提供的一個簡單fabric-ca
first-network/
        與Fabric網絡相關的全部內容

3.其餘概念

聯盟:
    org1:
        peer0.org1.example.com
        peer1.org1.example.com

    org2:
        peer0.org2.example.com
        peer1.org2.example.com
應用通道:
    用於隔離不一樣聯盟之間交易

Peer節點角色:
    1. 背書節點
        -- 在fabric中只能部分節點是背書節點
    2. 記帳節點(commiter)
        -- 在fabric中全部的Peer節點都是記帳節點
    3. 錨節點
        -- 經過配置文件指定
        -- 做用: 用於跨組織交換數據

背書: 在fabric中, 就是簽名的概念

四.Node環境搭建

後期咱們須要使用Fabric SDK作應用程序的開發，官方雖然提供了Node.JS，Java，Go，Python等多種語言的SDK，可是因爲整個Fabric太新了，不少SDK還不成熟和完善，因此通常採用Node JS的SDK，畢竟這個是功能畢竟齊全，並且也是官方示例的時候使用的SDK。

1.安裝nvm

因爲Node版本的迭代速度很快，版本不少，不一樣項目對node的依賴不一樣，故須要切換不一樣node版本目前有n和nvm這兩個工具能夠對Node進行平滑升級，n 命令是做爲一個 node 的模塊而存在，而 nvm 是一個獨立於 node/npm 的外部 shell 腳本，所以 nvm 命令相比 n更加全面，n更有侷限性。

nvm 是 node 管理工具，有點相似管理 Ruby 的 rvm，若是是須要管理 Windows 下的 node，官方推薦是使用 nvmw 或 nvm-windows 。

$ sudo apt update
$ curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.10/install.sh | bash

$ export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
$ [ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"

2.安裝Node與npm

NPM是隨同NodeJS一塊兒安裝的包管理工具，能解決NodeJS代碼部署上的不少問題，常見的使用場景有如下幾種：