一星期的學習

這一個星期學到的有：異常，集合，IO流，多線程。

異常

1.我我的理解異常就是在程序運行的過程當中發生一些不正常的事件，它會結束正在運行的程序。
2.Java異常處理：Java它有對異常處理的能力，Java有5個關鍵字來處理異常：try、catch、finally、throw、throws
try：它執行可能產生異常的代碼
catch：它是用來捕獲異常的
finally：它是不管程序出不出現異常，它都會執行的代碼
throw：自動拋出異常和手動拋出異常
throws：聲明方法可能要拋出的各類異常

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        // 異常

        try {
            System.out.print("請輸入第一個數:");
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            int a = scanner.nextInt();
            System.out.print("請輸入第一個數:");
            int b = scanner.nextInt();
            System.out.println(a / b);
        } catch (InputMismatchException exception) {
            System.out.println("除數和被除數必須爲正數");
        } catch (ArithmeticException exception) {
            System.out.println("除數不能爲0");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("其它異常");
        } finally {
            System.out.println("謝謝使用");
        }
    }

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        try {
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            System.out.print("請輸入課程代號(1~3之間的數字):");
            int a = scanner.nextInt();
            switch (a) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println("C#編程");
                break;
            case 2:
                System.out.println("C語言");
                break;
            case 3:
                System.out.println("JAVA");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("只能輸入1~3之間的數字");
                break;
            }
        } catch (InputMismatchException exception) {
            System.out.println("輸入的數字必須爲數字");
        } finally {
            System.out.println("歡迎提出建議");
        }
    }

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        try {
            Person person = new Person();
            person.setAge(10);
            person.setSex("無");
            System.out.println("建立成功");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
        } finally {
            System.out.println("人是一個高等級動物");
        }
    }
}

class Person {
    private int age;
    private String sex;

    //
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    //throws Exception是一個異常拋出的管道
    public void setAge(int age) throws Exception {
        if (age > 0) {
            this.age = age;
        } else {
            throw new Exception("年齡必須大於0"); //建立的異常對象
        }
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) throws Exception {
        if ("男".equals(sex) || "女".equals(sex)) {
            this.sex = sex;
        } else {
            throw new Exception("必須是男或女");
        }
    }

這些是我作的練習

集合

1.collection集合：list 、set
2.list: arrayList 、LinkedList
3.arrayList

arrayList

public class Demo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        List list = new ArrayList();
        list.add(new Dog("強強", 12));
        list.add(new Dog("球球", 12));
        list.add(new Dog("希希", 12));
        list.add(1, new Dog("安安", 11));
        Dog dog2 = new Dog("大大", 13);
        list.add(dog2);
        // 刪除
        // E remove(int index)
        // 移除此列表中指定位置上的元素。
        // boolean remove(Object o)
        // 移除此列表中首次出現的指定元素。
        list.remove(0);
        list.remove(dog2);
        // list.clear();// 移除所有
        // 查詢
        list.set(1, new Dog("麗麗", 12));
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            // get是索取某個索引位置上的內容
            Dog dog = (Dog) list.get(i);
            System.out.println(dog.toString());
        }
    }
}

LinkedList

public class Demo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        LinkedList list = new LinkedList();// 父類引用指向子類對象
        // 建立對象
        Dog pingping = new Dog("平平", 2);
        Dog tutu = new Dog("兔兔", 2);
        Dog tu2 = new Dog("圖圖", 2);
        // 添加到集合中
        list.add(pingping);
            list.addFirst(tutu);
        list.addLast(tu2);
        // 得到第一個元素
        System.out.println(list.getFirst().toString());
        System.out.println(list.getLast().toString());
        // 刪除第一個
        list.removeFirst();
        list.removeLast();
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            Dog dog = (Dog) list.get(i);
            System.out.println(dog.toString());
        }
    }
}

4.set:hashset

hashset

public class Demo04 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();
        Random random = new Random();
        while (set.size() <= 10) {
            set.add(random.nextInt(20) + 1);
        }
        for (Integer integer : set) {
            System.out.println(integer);
        }
    }
}

public class Demo05 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //去除重複的字符
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("請輸入一段字符:");
        String aString = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println(aString);
        HashSet<Character> hs = new HashSet<Character>();
        char[] arr = aString.toCharArray();
        for (char c : arr) {
            hs.add(c);
        }
        for (Character ch : hs) {
            System.out.print(ch);
        }
    }
}

5.泛型

泛型就是容許在編寫集合的時候，先限制集合的數據處理類型

6.Map

map：將鍵映射到值的對象，一個映射不能包含重複的鍵；每一個鍵最多隻能映射到一個值

HashMap

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Map<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("請輸入一段字符串:");
        String a = scanner.next();
        char[] chars = a.toCharArray();
        for (char c : chars) {
            if (map.containsKey(c)) {
                map.put(c, map.get(c) + 1);
            } else {
                map.put(c, 1);
            }
        }
        for (Character character : map.keySet()) {
            System.out.println(character + ":" + map.get(character));
        }
    }

7.遍歷

list遍歷能夠用for循環也能夠用foreach
set只能用foreach

8.迭代器

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        // put方法若是集合當中沒有對應鍵值則新增，若是有則修改;
        map.put("YL", "yl");
        map.put("LY", "ly");
        map.put("XY", "xy");
        /*
         * //第一種迭代器 //獲取全部的鍵 而且存放到set集合中; Set<String> set = map.keySet();
         * //set集合的迭代器; Iterator<String> iterator = set.iterator();
         * //首先判斷set集合中是否有下一個元素; //若是有則獲取下一個元素; while (iterator.hasNext()) {
         * //next:獲取當前指針指向的對象的引用,得到以後,本身把指針向後移一位; String iString =
         * iterator.next(); System.out.println(iString + "\t" +
         * map.get(iString)); }
         */

        // 第二種迭代器
        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> set2 = map.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : set2) {
            System.out.println(entry);
        }
    }

IO流

1.file類：就是文件在系統當中具體的位置
2.建立文件和文件夾

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        // Demo01();
        // Demo02();
        File file = new File("E:\\JAVA\\新建文件夾");
        if (file.mkdirs()) {
            System.out.println("建立成功");
        } else {
            System.out.println("建立失敗");
        }
    }

    private static void Demo02() {
        File file = new File("E:\\JAVA\\新建文件夾\\abd");
        if (file.mkdir()) {
            System.out.println("建立成功");
        } else {
            System.out.println("建立失敗");
        }
    }

    // 建立空的文件
    private static void Demo01() {
        File file = new File("E:\\JAVA\\新建文件夾\\abd.txt");
        try {
            // file.createNewFile();
            if (file.createNewFile()) {
                System.out.println("建立成功");
            } else {
                System.out.println("建立失敗");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

3.重命名和刪除

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Demo01();
        File newfile = new File("E:\\JAVA\\新建文件夾\\abd2");
        if (newfile.delete()) {
            System.out.println("刪除成功");
        }
    }

    // 修改
    private static void Demo01() {
        File file = new File("E:\\JAVA\\新建文件夾\\abd");
        // 新的路徑
        File newfile = new File("E:\\JAVA\\新建文件夾\\abd2");
        if (file.renameTo(newfile)) {
            System.out.println("修改爲功");
        } else {
            System.out.println("修改失敗");
        }
    }

io流

1.io流：Java對數據的讀寫（傳輸）操做經過流的方式
2.字節流：能夠操做任何數據
3.字符流：用於操做純字符文件

字節流

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        // 建立輸入流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(
                "E:\\JAVA\\新建文件夾\\一輩子所愛.flac");
        // 二、建立輸出流
        FileOutputStream fStream = new FileOutputStream("E:\\JAVA\\新建文件夾\\一輩子所愛2.flac");
        // 三、讀寫
        int b;
        while ((b = fileInputStream.read()) != -1) {
            fStream.write(b);
        }
        fileInputStream.close();
        fStream.close();
    }

字符流

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        FileReader fileReader = null;
        FileWriter fileWriter = null;
        try {
            fileReader = new FileReader("E:\\JAVA\\IO流\\愛你.txt");
            fileWriter = new FileWriter("E:\\JAVA\\IO流\\愛你愛你.txt");
            int c;
            while ((c = fileReader.read()) != -1) {
                fileWriter.write(c);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                fileReader.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                fileWriter.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        BufferedReader bf = null;
        BufferedWriter bw = null;
        try {
            bf = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("E:\\JAVA\\IO流\\abc.txt"));
            String line = null;
            StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            while ((line = bf.readLine()) != null) {
                stringBuffer.append(line);
            }
            System.out.println("替換前:" + stringBuffer);
            bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("E:\\JAVA\\IO流\\abc.txt"));
            // 替換字符
            String string = stringBuffer.toString().replace("name", "XL").replace("type", "哈士奇").replace("master",
                    "AL");
            bw.write(string);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                bf.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                bw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

多線程

1.多線程：程序執行的多個路徑
2.多線程併發：能夠提升程序的執行效率，能夠同時完成多個任務
3.多線程的運行：多個程序同時在運行
4.實現多線程運行的方式：1.子類繼承thread類，重寫run方法。當執行start方法時，直接執行子類的run方法 2.實現runnable接口

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Mythread mythread = new Mythread();
        Mythread mythread2 = new Mythread();
        mythread.setName("你好,來自線程" + mythread);
        mythread.start();
        mythread2.setName("你好,來自線程" + mythread2);
        mythread2.start();
    }

}

class Mythread extends Thread {
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + i);
        }
    }
}

休眠線程

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        // DemoA();
        for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("敵軍還有:" + i + "S到達戰場");
        }
        System.out.println("全軍出擊");
    }

    // ********************************************************************
    private static void DemoA() {
        new Thread() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "：" + i);
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1500);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }.start();
        new Thread() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "：" + i);
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1500);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }
}

線程的優先級

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Thread thread = new Thread(new MyThread2(), "線程A");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(new MyThread2(), "線程B");
        // 設置線程的優先級
        thread.setPriority(thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        thread2.setPriority(thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
        thread.start();
        thread2.start();
        System.out.println(thread.getPriority());
        System.out.println(thread2.getPriority());
    }

}

class MyThread2 implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "~~~~~~" + i);
        }
    }

}

接口實現線程

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        // 建立線程對象
        MyRunnable myRunnable = new MyRunnable();
        // 開啓線程
        Thread thread = new Thread(myRunnable);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(myRunnable);
        thread.start();
        thread2.start();

    }
}

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + i);
        }
    }
}

多線程執行狀態

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Thread thread = new Thread(new MyThread3());
        System.out.println("線程已建立");
        thread.start();
        System.out.println("線程就緒");
    }
}

class MyThread3 implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("程序在運行");
        try {
            System.out.println("立刻進入休眠期");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println("通過短暫的休眠以後");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

線程的禮讓

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Thread thread = new Thread(new Mythread5(), "線程A");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Mythread5(), "線程B");
        thread.start();
        thread2.start();
    }

}

class MyThread5 implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在運行");
            if (i == 3) {
                System.out.println("線程的禮讓");
                Thread.yield();
            }
        }
    }

多線程練習題

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Thread thread = new Thread(new MyThread4());
        thread.setPriority(10);
        thread.start();
        for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) {
            System.out.println("普通號:" + i + "號病人在看病");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (i == 10) {
                try {
                    thread.join();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }

}

class MyThread4 implements Runnable {
    // 特需號
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("特需號:" + i + "號病人在看病!");
        }
    }
}
這些就是一星期的總結