面試題27.二叉搜索樹與雙向鏈表

題目:輸入一顆二叉搜索樹,將該二叉搜索樹轉換爲一個排序的雙向鏈表。要求不能建立ios

任何新的結點,只能調整樹種結點指針的指向。好比輸入下圖的二叉搜索樹,則輸出轉換spa

後的雙向排序鏈表。指針

1             10
2           /    \
3         6      14
4        /  \    /  \
5       4   8   12  16

轉換後的雙向排序鏈表爲:code

1 4<--->6<--->8<--->10<--->12<--->14<--->16

首先 要明白二叉搜索樹是根結點大於左子結點,小於右子結點 blog

然而要讓轉換後的雙向鏈表基本有序,則應該中序遍歷該二叉樹排序

 

遍歷的時候將樹當作三部分:值爲10的根結點,根結點值爲6的左遞歸

子樹,根結點值爲14的右子樹。根據排序鏈表的定義。值爲10的ci

結點將和左子樹的最大的結點連接起來,同時該結點還要和右子樹io

最小的結點連接起來。ast

 

然而對於左子樹和右子樹,遞歸上述步驟便可。

 

代碼實現以下:

  1 #include <iostream>
  2 using namespace std;
  3 
  4 struct BinaryTreeNode
  5 {
  6     int        m_nValue;
  7     BinaryTreeNode* m_pLeft;
  8     BinaryTreeNode* m_pRight;
  9 };
 10 
 11 void ConvertNode(BinaryTreeNode* pNode,BinaryTreeNode** pLastNodeInlist)
 12 {
 13     if(pNode==NULL)
 14         return;
 15 
 16     BinaryTreeNode *pCurrent = pNode;
 17 
 18     if(pCurrent->m_pLeft!=NULL)
 19         ConvertNode(pCurrent->m_pLeft,pLastNodeInlist);
 20 
 21     pCurrent->m_pLeft=*pLastNodeInlist;
 22 
 23     if(*pLastNodeInlist!=NULL)
 24         (*pLastNodeInlist)->m_pRight=pCurrent;
 25 
 26     *pLastNodeInlist=pCurrent;
 27 
 28     if(pCurrent->m_pRight!=NULL)
 29         ConvertNode(pCurrent->m_pRight,pLastNodeInlist);
 30 }
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 BinaryTreeNode* Convert(BinaryTreeNode* pRootOfTree)
 35 {
 36     BinaryTreeNode *pLastNodeInList = NULL;
 37     ConvertNode(pRootOfTree,&pLastNodeInList);
 38 
 39     BinaryTreeNode *pHeadOfList = pLastNodeInList;
 40     while(pHeadOfList != NULL&&pHeadOfList->m_pLeft!=NULL)
 41         pHeadOfList = pHeadOfList->m_pLeft;
 42 
 43     return pHeadOfList;
 44 }
 45 
 46 void CreateTree(BinaryTreeNode** Root)
 47 {
 48      int data;
 49      cin>>data;
 50      if(data==0)
 51      {
 52         *Root=NULL;
 53          return ;
 54      }
 55      else
 56      {
 57          *Root=(BinaryTreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(BinaryTreeNode));
 58          (*Root)->m_nValue=data;
 59          CreateTree(&((*Root)->m_pLeft));    
 60          CreateTree(&((*Root)->m_pRight));
 61      }
 62 }
 63 
 64 void PrintTreeInOrder(BinaryTreeNode* Root)
 65 {
 66     if(Root==NULL)
 67     {
 68         return;
 69     }
 70     cout<<Root->m_nValue<<" ";
 71     PrintTreeInOrder(Root->m_pLeft);
 72     PrintTreeInOrder(Root->m_pRight);
 73 
 74 }
 75 
 76 void PrintTheLinkList(BinaryTreeNode *Head)
 77 {
 78     cout<<"從前日後變量該雙向鏈表: ";
 79     while(Head->m_pRight!=NULL)
 80     {
 81         cout<<Head->m_nValue<<" ";
 82         Head=Head->m_pRight;
 83     }
 84     cout<<Head->m_nValue<<" ";
 85     cout<<endl;
 86     BinaryTreeNode *Last=Head;
 87     cout<<"從後往前變量該雙向鏈表: ";
 88     while(Last!=NULL)
 89     {
 90         cout<<Last->m_nValue<<" ";
 91         Last=Last->m_pLeft;
 92     }
 93 }
 94 
 95 int main()
 96 {
 97     BinaryTreeNode* Root;
 98     CreateTree(&Root);
 99     cout<<"The InOrderOfTree: ";
100     PrintTreeInOrder(Root);
101     cout<<endl;
102     BinaryTreeNode* HeadOfLinkList;
103     HeadOfLinkList=Convert(Root);
104     cout<<endl;
105     PrintTheLinkList(HeadOfLinkList);
106     cout<<endl;
107     system("pause");
108     return 0;
109 }

運行截圖:

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