django--form相關

時間 2019-11-13

標籤 django form 相關欄目 Python 简体版

原文原文鏈接

簡單用法：css

     Django提供 Form組件：
           1. 定義規則
               from django.forms import Form
               from django.forms import fields
               class xxx(Form):
                   xx = fields.CharField(required=True,max_lenght.,min,error_message=)

           2. 使用

               obj = xxx(request.POST)
               # 是否校驗成功
               v = obj.is_valid()
                   # html標籤name屬性 = Form類字段名
               # 全部錯誤信息
               obj.errors

               # 正確信息
               obj.cleaned_datahtml

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields

class LoginForm(Form):
    # 正則驗證: 不能爲空,6-18
    username = fields.CharField(
        max_length=18,
        min_length=6,
        required=True,
        error_messages={
            'required': '用戶名不能爲空',
            'min_length': '過短了',
            'max_length': '太長了',
        }
    )
    # 正則驗證: 不能爲空，16+
    password = fields.CharField(min_length=16,required=True)
    # email = fields.EmailField()
    # email = fields.GenericIPAddressField()
    # email = fields.IntegerField()


def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,'login.html')
    else:
       obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
       if obj.is_valid():
           # 用戶輸入格式正確
           print(obj.cleaned_data) # 字典類型
           return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
       else:
           # 用戶輸入格式錯誤
           return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj})



    <form method="POST" action="/login/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>
            用戶：<input type="text" name="username"/>{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}
        </p>
        <p>
            密碼：<input type="password" name="password"/>{{ obj.errors.password.0 }}
        </p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />{{ msg }}
    </form>

View Code

wupeiqi/articles/5703697.htmldjango

1 校驗字段功能

針對一個實例：註冊用戶講解。bootstrap

模型：models.pyapp

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField(

模版文件

複製代碼

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

</head>
<body>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="user">用戶名</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="pwd">密碼</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="r_pwd">確認密碼</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
    </div>
     <div>
        <label for="email">郵箱</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
    </div>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

視圖函數ide

# forms組件
from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
                         widget=wid_01
                         )
    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)



def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 全部乾淨的字段以及對應的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校驗錯誤的字段":["錯誤信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["錯誤信息",]
        return HttpResponse("OK")
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

2 渲染標籤功能

渲染方式一函數

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
   <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>註冊頁面</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

                <form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div>
                        <label for="">用戶名</label>
                        {{ form.name }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">密碼</label>
                        {{ form.pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">確認密碼</label>
                        {{ form.r_pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for=""> 郵箱</label>
                        {{ form.email }}
                    </div>

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



</body>
</html>

渲染方式二（推薦）post

<form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    
                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div>
                            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                
</form>

渲染方式三ui

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    
    {{ form.as_p }}

    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

</form>

3 渲染錯誤信息功能

視圖spa

def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 全部乾淨的字段以及對應的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校驗錯誤的字段":["錯誤信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["錯誤信息",]
        return render(request,"register.html",locals())
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

模板

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    
    {% for field in form %}
        <div>
            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">

</form>

4 組件的參數配置

class Ret(Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用戶名',
                           error_messages={'required': '該字段不能爲空', 'invalid': '格式錯誤', 'max_length': '太長',
                                           'min_length': '過短'},
                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
    pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
    email = forms.EmailField(label='郵箱', error_messages={'required': '該字段不能爲空', 'invalid': '格式錯誤'})

5 局部鉤子 (針對字段添加本身須要的，重寫函數)

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
def clean_name(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)

        if not ret:
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("該用戶已註冊!")

    def clean_tel(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")

        if len(val)==11:

            return val
        else:
            raise  ValidationError("手機號格式錯誤")

6 全局鉤子 (添加全局的認證，重寫函數)

def clean(self):
        pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
        r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')

        if pwd and r_pwd:
            if pwd==r_pwd:
                return self.cleaned_data
            else:
                raise ValidationError('兩次密碼不一致')
        else:

            return self.cleaned_data

獲取全局的錯誤信息 pwd_err=my_form.errors.get('all')

例子

MyForm

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.





from app01.myforms import *


def reg(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        print(request.POST)

        #form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"})


        form=UserForm(request.POST) # form表單的name屬性值應該與forms組件字段名稱一致

        print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布爾值

        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"email":"123@qq.com"}
            # print(form.errors)        # {"name":[".........."]}
            # print(type(form.errors))  # ErrorDict
            # print(form.errors.get("name"))
            # print(type(form.errors.get("name")))    # ErrorList
            # print(form.errors.get("name")[0])


            #   全局鉤子錯誤
            #print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0])
            errors=form.errors.get("__all__")


            return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

        '''

        form.is_valid()   :返回布爾值
        form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
        form.errors       :{"name":[".........."]}

        '''


    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

視圖函數

視圖函數

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .error{
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
    integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

            {#<h3>簡單form</h3>#}
            {##}
            {##}
            {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
            {#    {% csrf_token %}#}
            {#    <p>用戶名<input type="text" name="name"></p>#}
            {#    <p>密碼 <input type="text" name="pwd"></p>#}
            {#    <p>確認密碼 <input type="text" name="r_pwd"></p>#}
            {#    <p>郵箱  <input type="text" name="email"></p>#}
            {#    <p>手機號 <input type="text" name="tel"></p>#}
            {#    <input type="submit">#}
            {##}
            {#</form>#}

            <hr>
            <h3>forms組件渲染方式1</h3>
            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>

                {% csrf_token %}
                <p>{{ form.name.label }}
                    {{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>{{ form.pwd.label }}
                    {{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>確認密碼
                    {{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span><span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>郵箱 {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>
                <p>手機號 {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>
                <input type="submit">

            </form>

            {#<h3>forms組件渲染方式2</h3>#}
            {##}
            {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
            {#     {% csrf_token %}#}
            {##}
            {#    {% for field in form %}#}
            {##}
            {#        <div>#}
            {#            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>#}
            {#            {{ field }}#}
            {#        </div>#}
            {##}
            {#    {% endfor %}#}
            {##}
            {#     <input type="submit">#}
            {#</form>#}
            {##}
            {#<h3>forms組件渲染方式3</h3>#}
            {##}
            {#<form action="" method="post">#}
            {#     {% csrf_token %}#}
            {##}
            {#     {{ form.as_p }}#}
            {##}
            {#     <input type="submit">#}
            {#</form>#}


        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

模版文件