Spring的事務管理

時間  2019-11-12
標籤 spring 事務管理 欄目 Spring 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

一.單一數據源的事務管理

事務的管理有幾種方式, 使用註解, 聲明式配置等等.java

首先,看一下單一數據源的事務配置:mysql

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context      
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx          
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">

	<!-- 掃描註解Bean -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.tx">
	</context:component-scan>

	<tx:annotation-driven proxy-target-class="true"
		transaction-manager="txManager" />

	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />

	<bean id="jdbctemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
	</bean>



	<bean id="transactionInterceptor"
		class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="txManager" />
		<property name="transactionAttributes">
			<props>
				<prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="clear*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="restore*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="replace*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="process*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="execute*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 設置代理類 -->
	<bean id="bdf.transaction.beanNameAutoProxyCreator"
		class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
		<property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"></property>
		<property name="beanNames" value="*PR,*BO,*Service,*Dao" />
		<property name="interceptorNames">
			<list>
				<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 設置事務管理器 -->
	<bean id="txManager"
		class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
	</bean>
<!-- 
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
		基本屬性 url、user、password
		<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
		配置初始化大小、最小、最大
		<property name="initialSize" value="1" />
		<property name="minIdle" value="1" />
		<property name="maxActive" value="20" />
		配置獲取鏈接等待超時的時間
		<property name="maxWait" value="60000" />
		配置間隔多久才進行一次檢測，檢測須要關閉的空閒鏈接，單位是毫秒
		<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />
		配置一個鏈接在池中最小生存的時間，單位是毫秒
		<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000" />
		<property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT * from user" />
		<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
		<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
		<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
		打開PSCache，而且指定每一個鏈接上PSCache的大小
		<property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" />
		<property name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize"
			value="20" />
		配置監控統計攔截的filters
		<property name="filters" value="stat" />
	</bean> -->
	
	<!-- 配置數據源,c3p0鏈接池 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
		destroy-method="close">
		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
	</bean>
</beans>

其中transactionInterceptor中配置的攔截方法就是須要事務管理的, 知足命名條件的方法都會被事務管理所攔截.spring

測試:sql

 

/* Dao代碼 */
public class JdbcTestDao {

	@Resource(name="jdbctemplate")
	JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
	
	/**
	 * 在配置文件中使用了聲明式的事務管理,<prop key="execute*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
	 * 因此這個事務是會被攔截的事務
	 */
	public void execute(){
		jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE user set username = 'fff1' where id=4");
		jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE user1 set username = 'eee1' where id=4");
		int i = 1/0;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 這個雖然不是在配置文件中須要被攔截的事務,可是有註解聲明
	 * 因此這個事務是會被攔截的事務
	 */
	@Transactional
	public void notExtcuteWithTx(){
		jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE user set username = 'ggg' where id=4");
		jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE user1 set username = 'hhh' where id=4");
		int i = 1/0;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 不會被攔截的事務
	 */
	public void notExtcute(){
		jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE user set username = 'iii' where id=4");
		jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE user1 set username = 'jjjj' where id=4");
		int i = 1/0;
	}
}
/* jUnit代碼 */
public class JdbcTestDaoTest {
	ApplicationContext context;
	
	@Before
	public void before() {
		context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-jdbc.xml");
	}

	@Test
	public void execute() {
		JdbcTestDao dao = context.getBean(JdbcTestDao.class); 
		dao.execute();
	}
	@Test
	public void notExtcuteWithTx() {
		JdbcTestDao dao = context.getBean(JdbcTestDao.class); 
		dao.notExtcuteWithTx();
	}
	@Test
	public void notExtcute() {
		JdbcTestDao dao = context.getBean(JdbcTestDao.class); 
		dao.notExtcute();
	}
}

分別單元測試三個方法, 能夠獲得正確的結果, 當拋出異常的時候, 事務都會回滾.數據庫

 

 

二.多數據源的事務管理

    在spring中, 提供了不少事務管理的接口, DataSourceTransactionManager, JpaTransactionManager,  JtaTransactionManager等等. 其中JtaTransactionManager是專門用來管理多數據源, 提供了對分佈式事務的支持.oracle

<!-- JTA分佈式事務配置 -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">

	<!-- 掃描註解Bean -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.tx">
	</context:component-scan>
	<tx:annotation-driven proxy-target-class="true"
		transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
	<bean id="jdbctemplate1" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource1" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="jdbctemplate2" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource2" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="dataSource1" class="com.atomikos.jdbc.AtomikosDataSourceBean"
		init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
		<property name="uniqueResourceName" value="mysql1" />
		<property name="xaDataSourceClassName"
			value="com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlXADataSource" />
		<property name="xaProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/chatroom?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8
				</prop>
				<prop key="user">root</prop>
				<prop key="password">123456</prop>
				<!-- <prop key="initialSize">1</prop> <prop key="minIdle">1</prop> <prop 
					key="maxActive">20</prop> -->
			</props>
		</property>
		<property name="minPoolSize" value="10" />
		<property name="maxPoolSize" value="100" />
		<property name="borrowConnectionTimeout" value="30" />
		<property name="testQuery" value="select 1" />
		<property name="maintenanceInterval" value="60" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="dataSource2" class="com.atomikos.jdbc.AtomikosDataSourceBean"
		init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
		<property name="uniqueResourceName" value="mysql2" />
		<property name="xaDataSourceClassName"
			value="com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlXADataSource" />
		<property name="xaProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cms?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8
				</prop>
				<prop key="user">root</prop>
				<prop key="password">123456</prop>
				<!-- <prop key="initialSize">1</prop> <prop key="minIdle">1</prop> <prop 
					key="maxActive">20</prop> -->
			</props>
		</property>
		<property name="minPoolSize" value="10" />
		<property name="maxPoolSize" value="100" />
		<property name="borrowConnectionTimeout" value="30" />
		<property name="testQuery" value="select 1" />
		<property name="maintenanceInterval" value="60" />
	</bean>

	<!-- 設置事務管理器 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager">
		<property name="transactionManager">
			<bean class="com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionManager"
				init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
				<property name="forceShutdown" value="true" />
			</bean>
		</property>
		<property name="userTransaction">
			<bean class="com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionImp">
				<property name="transactionTimeout" value="300" />
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>


	<bean id="transactionInterceptor"
		class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
		<property name="transactionAttributes">
			<props>
				<prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="clear*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="restore*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="replace*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="process*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="execute*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 設置代理類 -->
	<bean id="transactionBeanNameAutoProxyCreator"
		class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
		<property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"></property>
		<property name="beanNames" value="*PR,*BO,*Service,*Dao" />
		<property name="interceptorNames">
			<list>
				<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
</beans>

    這裏,使用的都是mysql, 只是數據庫不一樣, 也能夠使用多種數據庫,可替換爲oracle等.app

    測試:分佈式

    

/* Dao代碼 */
@Component
public class JtaTestDao implements ApplicationContextAware ,InitializingBean{
	private ApplicationContext context;
	
	public void execute() {
		JdbcTemplate chatroom = context.getBean("jdbctemplate1",
				JdbcTemplate.class);
		JdbcTemplate cms = context.getBean("jdbctemplate2",
				JdbcTemplate.class);
		chatroom.update("UPDATE user set username = 'lzxfgw' where id=4");
		cms.update("INSERT INTO c_user (id, login_name, password) values (100, 'fgw', '123')");

	}
	
	//@PostConstruct
    //實現ApplicationContextAware接口, 能夠在初始化的時候注入applicationContext
	public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)
			throws BeansException {
		this.context = applicationContext;
	}

	@Override
	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
	}
}
/* jUnit代碼 */
public class JtaTestDaoTest {
	ApplicationContext context;

	@Test
	public void test() {
		JtaTestDao t = context.getBean(JtaTestDao.class);
		t.execute();
	}

	@Before
	public void before() {
		context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-jta.xml");
	}
}

    運行jUnit第一次是沒有問題的, 修改一下dao代碼中的username再次運行,會拋出主鍵重複的異常, 能夠看到數據庫中的第一條update語句的username也沒有改變, 說明事務在拋出異常以後正常回滾了.ide

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