day14 JDBC
Author：相忠良
Email: ugoood@163.com
起始於：May 29, 2018
最後更新日期：June 6, 2018javascript
聲明：本筆記依據傳智播客方立勳老師 Java Web 的授課視頻內容記錄而成，中間加入了本身的理解。本筆記目的是強化本身學習所用。如有疏漏或不當之處，請在評論區指出。謝謝。
涉及的圖片，文檔寫完後，一次性更新。html
day14 JDBC
1. JDBC 入門
JDBC(Java Data Base Connectivity) 是 java 數據庫鏈接，主要有接口組成。
JDBC的做用：能夠經過java程序操做數據庫。java
組成JDBC的2個包：mysql
- java.sql
- javax.sql
這2個包就是JDBC，就是接口。
除導入JDBC外，還需導入相應數據庫JDBC接口的實現，即數據庫驅動。咱們用的是mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar針對mysql的數據庫驅動。程序員
作JDBC試驗前的準備工做：
user.sql文件，代碼以下：web
create database day14 character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
use day14;
create table users(
id int primary key,
name varchar(40),
password varchar(40),
email varchar(60),
birthday date
);
insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday) values(1,'zs','123456','zs@sina.com','1980-12-04');
insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday) values(2,'lisi','123456','lisi@sina.com','1981-12-04');
insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday) values(3,'wangwu','123456','wangwu@sina.com','1979-12-04');
而後創建普通java工程day14，並創建lib文件夾，將mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar複製到lib，並把該包變爲奶瓶。spring
創建Demo1.java，操做 day14 數據庫的 users 表，代碼以下：sql
package cn.wk.demo;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
/*
jdbc:mysql 表示協議
//localchost:3306 本機3306端口，是mysql服務器端口
day14 要鏈接的數據庫
*/
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day14";
String username = "root";
String password = "root";
// 1. 加載驅動
DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());
// 2. 獲取鏈接
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
// 3. 獲取向數據庫發sql語句的statement對象
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
// 4. 向數據庫發sql,獲取數據庫返回的結果集
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from users");
// 5. 從結果集中獲取數據
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.print("id = " + rs.getObject("id") + " ");
System.out.print("name = " + rs.getObject("name") + " ");
System.out.print("password = " + rs.getObject("password") + " ");
System.out.print("email = " + rs.getObject("email") + " ");
System.out.print("birthday = " + rs.getObject("birthday") + " ");
System.out.println();
}
// 6. 釋放資源（釋放連接）
rs.close();
st.close();
conn.close();
}
}
2. jdbc程序步驟詳解1
- 加載驅動的細節；
- 獲取鏈接的細節。
以下：
依據上面所說，修改了上節的代碼，代碼片斷以下：數據庫
// localhost簡寫，?後接各類參數，不管mysql用何種字符集，均推薦字符顯式設定
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///day14"
+ "?user=root&password=root"
+ "&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); // <---- 加載類，同時註冊
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
3. jdbc程序步驟詳解2
Connection對象：
Jdbc程序中的Connection，它用於表明數據庫的連接，Collection是數據庫編程中最重要的一個對象，客戶端與數據庫全部交互都是經過connection對象完成的，這個對象的經常使用方法：apache
- createStatement()：建立向數據庫發送sql的statement對象。
- prepareStatement(sql) ：建立向數據庫發送預編譯sql的PrepareSatement對象。
- prepareCall(sql)：建立執行存儲過程的callableStatement對象。
- setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit)：設置事務是否自動提交。
- commit() ：在連接上提交事務。
- rollback() ：在此連接上回滾事務。
Statement對象：
Statement對象用於向數據庫發送SQL語句， Statement對象經常使用方法：
- executeQuery(String sql) ：用於向數據發送查詢語句。
- executeUpdate(String sql)：用於向數據庫發送insert、update或delete語句
- execute(String sql)：用於向數據庫發送任意sql語句，通常不用。
- addBatch(String sql) ：把多條sql語句放到一個批處理中。
- executeBatch()：向數據庫發送一批sql語句執行。
ResultSet對象：
ResultSet用於表明Sql語句的執行結果。
下圖表達了，mysql 表中字段類型與 ResultSet 方法對照表：
最後必定要釋放 conn，由於mysql的連接資源不多很寶貴，釋放技巧以下：
資源釋放代碼放入finally裏。
模板代碼 以下：
package cn.wk.demo;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import cn.wk.domain.User;
public class Demo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException {
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///day14";
String username = "root";
String password = "root";
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
st = conn.createStatement(); // throw
rs = st.executeQuery("select * from users");
while (rs.next()) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
user.setName(rs.getString("name"));
user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
user.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
user.setBirthday(rs.getDate("birthday"));
}
} finally {
if (rs != null) {
try {
rs.close(); // throw new
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
rs = null;
}
if (st != null) {
try {
st.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
st = null;
}
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
順便建了個User類，作爲javabean對象，代碼以下：
package cn.wk.domain;
import java.util.Date;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String password;
private String email;
private Date birthday;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
}
4. 使用 jdbc 完成 crud
案例：
Demo3.java實現crud方法；db.properties資源文件，達到靈活切換數據庫驅動、url、username 和 password；cn.wk.utils.JdbcUtils工具類，實現驅動加載、創建連接和釋放連接這種公共代碼。
Demo3.java，以下：
package cn.wk.demo;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import cn.wk.domain.User;
import cn.wk.utils.JdbcUtils;
public class Demo3 {
@Test
public void insert() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday)"
+ "values (4,'eee','123','ee@sina.com','1980-11-11')";
int num = st.executeUpdate(sql);
if (num > 0) {
System.out.println("插入成功！！！");
}
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
@Test
public void update() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "update users set name = 'fff' where id = '4'";
int num = st.executeUpdate(sql);
if (num > 0) {
System.out.println("更新成功！！！");
}
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
@Test
public void delete() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "delete from users where id='4'";
int num = st.executeUpdate(sql);
if (num > 0) {
System.out.println("刪除成功！！！");
}
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
@Test
public void find() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "select * from users where id='2'";
rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
if (rs != null) {
System.out.println("查詢成功！！！");
}
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
@Test
public void getAll() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "select id,name,password,email,birthday from users";
rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
List list = new ArrayList();
while (rs.next()) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
user.setName(rs.getString("name"));
user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
user.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
user.setBirthday(rs.getDate("birthday"));
list.add(user);
}
System.out.println(list);
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
}
db.properties資源文件：
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day14 username=root password=root
cn.wk.utils.JdbcUtils工具類：
package cn.wk.utils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
public class JdbcUtils {
private static Properties config = new Properties();
static {
try {
// 讀配置文件 db.properties
config.load(JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(
"db.properties"));
Class.forName(config.getProperty("driver"));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e); // 異常轉換成錯誤
}
}
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(config.getProperty("url"),
config.getProperty("username"), config.getProperty("password"));
}
public static void release(Connection conn, Statement st, ResultSet rs) {
// 模板代碼
if (rs != null) {
try {
rs.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
rs = null;
}
if (st != null) {
try {
st.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
st = null;
}
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
5. 切換到 oracle 完成 crud
更換db.properties文件信息爲 oracle 的，幾乎不用改程序，就能夠用oracle作crud。
爲保證程序有移植性，即想作到不依賴具體的數據庫管理系統，那麼，Connection 等對象就用 sun 公司的接口，而不能用具體數據庫的相應對象！如：咱們導入的是java.sql.Connection。
6. 用 jdbc 改造用戶模塊
準備工做：
複製 day09_user 工程，命名爲 day14_user，並點擊該工程屬性，選 web 選項， 將 Web Context-root 改成/day09_user。
UserDaoJdbcImpl代碼以下：
package cn.wk.dao.impl;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import cn.wk.dao.UserDao;
import cn.wk.domain.User;
import cn.wk.utils.JdbcUtils;
public class UserDaoJdbcImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void add(User user) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
st = conn.createStatement(); // conn.preparedment() 用佔位符替換位置
String sql = "insert into users(id,username,password,email,birthday,nickname)"
+ "values('"
+ user.getId()
+ "','"
+ user.getUsername()
+ "','"
+ user.getPassword()
+ "','"
+ user.getEmail()
+ "','"
+ user.getBirthday().toLocaleString()
+ "','"
+ user.getNickname() + "')";
int num = st.executeUpdate(sql);
if (num < 1) {
throw new RuntimeException("註冊用戶失敗！！！");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
@Override
public User find(String username, String password) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "select * from users where username='" + username
+ "' and password='" + password + "'";
rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
if (rs.next()) {
User user = new User();
user.setBirthday(rs.getDate("birthday"));
user.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
user.setId(rs.getString("id"));
user.setNickname(rs.getString("nickname"));
user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
return user;
}
return null;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
@Override
public boolean find(String username) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "select * from users where username='" + username
+ "'";
rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
if (rs.next()) {
return true;
}
return false;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
}
其餘的不寫了，好累。(2018年5月30日 23:00 於 濰坊科技學院軟件學院 315 辦公室)
7. dao 工廠和預防 sql 注入
爲使 service 層的 UserDao 與 實際的實現解耦，需專門創建 dao工廠類，由該工廠讀取dao.properties這個配置文件，實現調用具體的 UserDao 實現，如調用UserDaoJdbcImpl或UserDaoXmlImpl等其餘實現，以下圖所示：
因爲有可能有不少工廠，故創建cn.wk.factory包來存放工廠類。此時，咱們在該包內創建DaoFactory類，以下：
package cn.wk.factory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
public class DaoFactory {
private Properties daoConfig = new Properties();
// 工廠是單例的，即全部的dao只由一個工廠來生產
// new 對象同時，加載配置文件
private DaoFactory() {
InputStream in = DaoFactory.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(
"dao.properties");
try {
daoConfig.load(in);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private static DaoFactory instance = new DaoFactory();
public static DaoFactory getInstance(){
return instance;
}
// 未來可能產生多個 不一樣類型的 dao，故此處用泛型
// 若給 UserDao.class，本方法就產生UserDao的dao
// DepartmentDao.class 同上
// 你給我一個接口類型， 我給你返回一個接口實現
// 爲避免調用者強轉，此處應該用泛型
// 泛型的學習，重點：
// Class<T> : 人家傳進來什麼類型， T就表明什麼類型
// <T> T : <T> 是類型聲明， T 是返回的類型
public <T> T createDao(Class<T> clazz){
// 1. 獲得傳進來的接口名稱
// clazz.getName() //cn.wk.dao.UserDao
String name = clazz.getSimpleName();
String className = daoConfig.getProperty(name);
try {
// 加載類，併產生實例
T dao = (T)Class.forName(className).newInstance();
return dao;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
還需建dao.properties配置文件，以下：
UserDao=cn.wk.dao.impl.UserDaoJdbcImpl
修改BusinessServiceImpl以下：
// private UserDao dao = new UserDaoJdbcImpl(); // 可用工廠模式 或 spring 解耦，之後解耦 // 利用工廠，使得業務類，無代碼依賴於具體實現，已徹底解耦 private UserDao dao = DaoFactory.getInstance().createDao(UserDao.class);
通過改造，系統結構很是好，好靈活，以下圖：
關於異常：
應該每一層都自定義異常，以便拋出異常時，能快速定位是哪層出現異常。
對待異常的態度，方立勳遵循了 Spring 做者的理念，即：
你是否但願上層處理本異常，若但願，則拋出 checked 異常，不然拋出 unchecked 異常。有時，咱們就想對上層造麻煩，擔憂上層忘記處理本層某異常，那就不用猶豫，拋 checked 異常便可！
7.1 preparedStatement 對象
statement 和 preparedStatement 的區別：
- preparedStatement 是 statement 的崽；
- preparedStatement 能夠防止sql注入問題；
- preparedStatement 會對sql語句進行預編譯，以減輕數據庫服務器的壓力。
preparedStatement 使用的代碼片斷，通常就用 preparedStatement 而不用 statement，以下：
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///day14";
String username = "root";
String password = "root";
Connection conn = null;
preparedStatement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
String sql = "select * from users where username=?"; // ?佔位符
st = conn.preparedStatement(sql);
st.setString(1, username); // 填補?號
rs = st.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
rs.close();
st.close();
conn.close();
return true;
}
rs.close();
st.close();
conn.close();
return false;
8. jdbc 實現客戶關係管理案例
要實現一個客戶關係管理系統，客戶信息 customer 表以下：
| 字段名 | 類型 |
|---|---|
| id | varchar(40) |
| name | varchar(20) |
| gender | varchar(4) |
| birthday | date |
| cellphone | varchar(20) |
| varchar(40) | |
| preference | varchar(100) |
| type | varchar(40) |
| description | varchar(255) |
1.搭建環境
1.1 導開發包
mysql驅動
beanUtils
log4j開發
jstl開發包
1.2 建立組織程序的包
cn.wk.domain
cn.wk.dao
cn.wk.dao.impl
cn.wk.service
cn.wk.service.impl
cn.wk.web.controller
cn.wk.web.UI
cn.wk.utils
cn.wk.exception
junit.test
WEB-INF/jsp
1.3 爲應用建立相應庫和表
create database day14_customer character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
use day14_customer;
create table customer
(
id varchar(40) primary key,
name varchar(40) not null,
gender varchar(4) not null,
birthday date,
cellphone varchar(20),
email varchar(40),
preference varchar(255),
type varchar(100) not null,
description varchar(255)
);
2.建實體
3.寫dao
4.寫service
5.寫web
根據應用建立數據庫及表，根據表建立 javabean，以下：
package cn.wk.domain;
import java.util.Date;
public class Customer {
private String id;
private String name;
private String gender;
private Date birthday;
private String cellphone;
private String email;
private String preference;
private String type;
private String description;
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getCellphone() {
return cellphone;
}
public void setCellphone(String cellphone) {
this.cellphone = cellphone;
}
public String getPreference() {
return preference;
}
public void setPreference(String preference) {
this.preference = preference;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
}
要鏈接數據庫，則建立連數據庫的工具類，這算是一種模板代碼，cn.wk.utils.JdbcUtils，以下：
package cn.wk.utils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
public class JdbcUtils {
private static Properties config = new Properties();
static {
try {
// 讀配置文件 db.properties
config.load(JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(
"db.properties"));
Class.forName(config.getProperty("driver"));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e); // 異常轉換成錯誤
}
}
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(config.getProperty("url"),
config.getProperty("username"), config.getProperty("password"));
}
public static void release(Connection conn, Statement st, ResultSet rs) {
// 模板代碼
if (rs != null) {
try {
rs.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
rs = null;
}
if (st != null) {
try {
st.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
st = null;
}
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
連數據庫時，需用到配置文件db.properties，它在 src 目錄下，代碼以下：
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day14_customer username=root password=root
再建立操做數據庫進行 crud 的實現類cn.wk.dao.impl.CustomerDaoImpl，以下：
package cn.wk.dao.impl;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import cn.wk.dao.CustomerDao;
import cn.wk.domain.Customer;
import cn.wk.exception.DaoException;
import cn.wk.utils.JdbcUtils;
public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {
@Override
public void add(Customer c) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "insert into customer (id,name,gender,birthday,cellphone,email,preference,type,description) values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
st = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
st.setString(1, c.getId());
st.setString(2, c.getName());
st.setString(3, c.getGender());
st.setDate(4, new java.sql.Date(c.getBirthday().getTime()));
st.setString(5, c.getCellphone());
st.setString(6, c.getEmail());
st.setString(7, c.getPreference());
st.setString(8, c.getType());
st.setString(9, c.getDescription());
st.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new DaoException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
@Override
public void update(Customer c) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "udate customer set name=?,gender=?,birthday=?,cellphone=?,email=?,preference=?,type=?,description=? where id=?";
st = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
st.setString(1, c.getName());
st.setString(2, c.getGender());
st.setDate(3, new java.sql.Date(c.getBirthday().getTime()));
st.setString(4, c.getCellphone());
st.setString(5, c.getEmail());
st.setString(6, c.getPreference());
st.setString(7, c.getType());
st.setString(8, c.getDescription());
st.setString(9, c.getId());
st.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new DaoException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
@Override
public void delete(String id) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "delete from customer where id=?";
st = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
st.setString(1, id);
st.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new DaoException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
@Override
public Customer find(String id) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "select * from customer where id=?";
st = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
st.setString(1, id);
rs = st.executeQuery();
if (rs.next()) {
Customer c = new Customer();
c.setBirthday(rs.getDate("birthday"));
c.setCellphone(rs.getString("cellphone"));
c.setDescription(rs.getString("description"));
c.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
c.setGender(rs.getString("gender"));
c.setId(rs.getString("id"));
c.setName(rs.getString("name"));
c.setPreference(rs.getString("preference"));
c.setType(rs.getString("type"));
return c;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new DaoException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
return null;
}
@Override
public List<Customer> getAll() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
String sql = "select * from customer";
st = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
rs = st.executeQuery();
List<Customer> list = new ArrayList<Customer>();
while (rs.next()) {
Customer c = new Customer();
c.setBirthday(rs.getDate("birthday"));
c.setCellphone(rs.getString("cellphone"));
c.setDescription(rs.getString("description"));
c.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
c.setGender(rs.getString("gender"));
c.setId(rs.getString("id"));
c.setName(rs.getString("name"));
c.setPreference(rs.getString("preference"));
c.setType(rs.getString("type"));
list.add(c);
}
return list;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new DaoException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
}
}
}
再對操做數據庫的實現類cn.wk.dao.impl.CustomerDaoImpl抽取成接口cn.wk.dao.CustomerDao，以下：
package cn.wk.dao;
import java.util.List;
import cn.wk.domain.Customer;
public interface CustomerDao {
public abstract void add(Customer c);
public abstract void update(Customer c);
public abstract void delete(String id);
public abstract Customer find(String id);
public abstract List<Customer> getAll();
}
這時，注意到每層都應創建本身的異常類，以方便未來發生異常時，方便程序員瞭解究竟是哪層發生異常。故創建cn.wk.exception.DaoException，並聲明該異常類爲RuntimeException，同時繼承父類的全部方法，以下：
package cn.wk.exception;
public class DaoException extends RuntimeException {
public DaoException() {}
public DaoException(String message) {super(message);}
public DaoException(Throwable cause) {super(cause);}
public DaoException(String message, Throwable cause) {super(message, cause);}
public DaoException(String message, Throwable cause,
boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
}
}
接着，想到本工程的業務僅僅是對客戶信息進行 crud，業務邏輯超級簡單。因此，咱們能夠當即創建業務層實現cn.wk.service.impl.BusinessServiceImpl，以下(注意：若業務邏輯很複雜，本層代碼也會很複雜)：
package cn.wk.service.impl;
import java.util.List;
import cn.wk.dao.CustomerDao;
import cn.wk.dao.impl.CustomerDaoImpl;
import cn.wk.domain.Customer;
import cn.wk.service.BusinessService;
// 薄薄的業務層
public class BusinessServiceImpl implements BusinessService {
private CustomerDao dao = new CustomerDaoImpl();
@Override
public void addCustomer(Customer c){
dao.add(c);
}
@Override
public void updateCustomer(Customer c){
dao.update(c);
}
@Override
public void deleteCustomer(String id){
dao.delete(id);
}
@Override
public Customer findCustomer(String id){
return dao.find(id);
}
@Override
public List<Customer> getAllCustormer(){
return dao.getAll();
}
}
而後當即進行業務層實現的抽取，造成接口cn.wk.service.BusinessService
package cn.wk.service;
import java.util.List;
import cn.wk.domain.Customer;
public interface BusinessService {
public abstract void addCustomer(Customer c);
public abstract void updateCustomer(Customer c);
public abstract void deleteCustomer(String id);
public abstract Customer findCustomer(String id);
public abstract List<Customer> getAllCustormer();
}
接下來，和 web 相關，也就是和用戶相關的層的代碼會較複雜，要當心了。
首先考慮首頁 index.jsp，本例用了分幀技術，涉及了 index.jsp 和 head.jsp，想達到以下效果：
index.jsp 以下：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>首頁</title>
</head>
<frameset rows="20%,*">
<frame name="head" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/head.jsp">
<frame name="main">
</frameset>
</html>
head.jsp 以下：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>head</title>
</head>
<body style="text-align:center;">
<h1>XXX客戶關係管理系統</h1>
<br>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/AddCustomerServlet" target="main">添加客戶</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/ListCustomerServlet" target="main">查看客戶</a>
</body>
</html>
注意到 head.jsp 中的2個超連接，結果顯示在 main 那個幀裏。
根據上述的2個超連接，分別編寫那2個控制器servlet程序。
先看添加客戶按鈕的超連接cn.wk.web.controller.AddCustomerServlet，當客戶點擊「添加客戶」按鈕時，發出的是 get 請求， 由AddCustomerServlet的 doGet 方法處理，該方法又把請求轉發給/WEB-INF/jsp/addcustomer.jsp去顯示錶單，用戶填寫完表單後，再用action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/AddCustomerServlet" method="post"使用 post 請求又鏈接回cn.wk.web.controller.AddCustomerServlet這個servlet控制器，該控制器用 doPost 方法接受請求並處理(就是把客戶填寫的表單封裝成一個 Customer 對象，並轉交給業務層處理，業務層將該對象轉交給dao，由dao負責將對 Customer 對象存入數據庫)，其中涉及到 message 的信息傳送，以表達「添加成功或失敗」信息，並回顯給客戶。
cn.wk.web.controller.AddCustomerServlet以下：
package cn.wk.web.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import cn.wk.domain.Customer;
import cn.wk.service.BusinessService;
import cn.wk.service.impl.BusinessServiceImpl;
import cn.wk.utils.Globals;
import cn.wk.utils.WebUtils;
public class AddCustomerServlet extends HttpServlet {
// 給用戶提供一個添加界面
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 信息帶給jsp
req.setAttribute("genders", Globals.genders);
req.setAttribute("preferences", Globals.preferences);
req.setAttribute("types", Globals.types);
// 視圖
req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/addcustomer.jsp").forward(req,
resp);
}
// 處理用戶的添加請求
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
// 表單校驗
// 把表單數據封裝到 customer 對象中 , 用工具類 WebUtils
Customer c = WebUtils.request2Bean(req, Customer.class);
c.setId(WebUtils.generateID());
BusinessService service = new BusinessServiceImpl();
service.addCustomer(c);
req.setAttribute("message", "添加成功！！");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
req.setAttribute("message", "添加失敗！！");
}
req.getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
控制層的cn.wk.web.controller.AddCustomerServlet還引入了cn.wk.utils.Globals這個工具類，該類目的是不想把genders, preferences, types寫死，經過修改該類，達到直接控制那3個屬性的目的，代碼以下：
package cn.wk.utils;
public class Globals {
public static String genders[] = { "男", "女", "人妖" };
public static String preferences[] = { "唱歌", "跳舞", "桑拿", "打麻將", "看鳳姐",
"夜生活", "xxx" };
public static String types[] = { "vip客戶", "重點客戶", "普通客戶" };
}
/WEB-INF/jsp/addcustomer.jsp以下(涉及一個顯示日期的js控件/WEB-INF/js/ShowCalendar.js)：
該代碼涉及了一個makepre()的 js 函數，功能是把客戶的多個preference組合成一個字符串，並弄出一個 隱式輸入項 送入要提交的表單中。makepre()函數涉及了 javascript 的 DOM 編程，挺有意思的。
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>添加用戶的視圖</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/js/ShowCalendar.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function makepre(){
var pres = document.getElementsByName("pre");
var preference = "";
for(var i = 0; i < pres.length; i++){
var input = pres[i];
if(input.checked==true){
preference = preference + input.value + ",";
}
}
// 組裝字符串 跳舞,打麻將,看鳳姐
preference = preference.substr(0, preference.length - 1);
var form = document.getElementById("form");
var input = document.createElement("input");
input.type = "hidden";
input.name = "preference";
input.value = preference;
form.appendChild(input);
return true;
}
</script>
</head>
<body style="text-align:center;">
<br />
<form id="form"
action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/AddCustomerServlet"
method="post" onsubmit="return makepre()">
<!-- js代碼，當按submit按鈕時，就調用makepre()方法 -->
<table border="1" width="30%">
<tr>
<td>客戶姓名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="name"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>性別</td>
<td><c:forEach var="gender" items="${genders}">
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="${gender}"> ${gender}
</c:forEach></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>生日</td>
<td><input type="text" name="birthday"
onClick="showCalendar(this.id)" id="birthday"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>手機</td>
<td><input type="text" name="cellphone"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>郵箱</td>
<td><input type="text" name="email"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>愛好</td>
<td><c:forEach var="p" items="${preferences}">
<input type="checkbox" name="pre" value="${p}">${p}
</c:forEach></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>客戶類型</td>
<td><c:forEach var="t" items="${types}">
<input type="radio" name="type" value="${t}">${t}
</c:forEach></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>客戶備註</td>
<td><textarea rows="5" cols="100" name="description"></textarea>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="reset" value="重置"></td>
<td><input type="submit" value="添加客戶"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
/message.jsp以下：
我也把那個顯示日期的 js 控件/WEB-INF/js/ShowCalendar.js代碼貼出來：
// 日期選擇
// By Ziyue(http://www.web-v.com/)
// 使用方法：
// <script type="text/javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/js/ShowCalendar.js"></script>
// <input name="birthday" type="text" id="birthday" title="點擊選擇" onClick="showCalendar(this.id)">
var today;
document
.writeln("<div id='Calendar' style='position:absolute; z-index:1; visibility: hidden; filter:\"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(direction=135,color=#999999,strength=3)\"'></div>");
function getDays(month, year) {
var daysInMonth = new Array(31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31);
// 下面的這段代碼是判斷當前是不是閏年的
if (1 == month)
return ((0 == year % 4) && (0 != (year % 100))) || (0 == year % 400) ? 29
: 28;
else
return daysInMonth[month];
}
function getToday() {
// 獲得今天的年,月,日
this.now = new Date();
this.year = this.now.getFullYear();
this.month = this.now.getMonth();
this.day = this.now.getDate();
}
function getStringDay(str) {
// 獲得輸入框的年,月,日
var str = str.split("-");
this.now = new Date(parseFloat(str[0]), parseFloat(str[1]) - 1,
parseFloat(str[2]));
this.year = this.now.getFullYear();
this.month = this.now.getMonth();
this.day = this.now.getDate();
}
function newCalendar() {
var parseYear = parseInt(document.all.Year.options[document.all.Year.selectedIndex].value);
var newCal = new Date(parseYear, document.all.Month.selectedIndex, 1);
var day = -1;
var startDay = newCal.getDay();
var daily = 0;
if ((today.year == newCal.getFullYear())
&& (today.month == newCal.getMonth()))
day = today.day;
var tableCal = document.all.calendar;
var intDaysInMonth = getDays(newCal.getMonth(), newCal.getFullYear());
for (var intWeek = 1; intWeek < tableCal.rows.length; intWeek++)
for (var intDay = 0; intDay < tableCal.rows[intWeek].cells.length; intDay++) {
var cell = tableCal.rows[intWeek].cells[intDay];
if ((intDay == startDay) && (0 == daily))
daily = 1;
if (day == daily) // 今天，調用今天的Class
{
cell.style.background = '#6699CC';
cell.style.color = '#FFFFFF';
// cell.style.fontWeight='bold';
} else if (intDay == 6) // 週六
cell.style.color = 'green';
else if (intDay == 0) // 週日
cell.style.color = 'red';
if ((daily > 0) && (daily <= intDaysInMonth)) {
cell.innerText = daily;
daily++;
} else
cell.innerText = "";
}
}
function GetDate(InputBox) {
var sDate;
// 這段代碼處理鼠標點擊的狀況
if (event.srcElement.tagName == "TD")
if (event.srcElement.innerText != "") {
sDate = document.all.Year.value + "-" + document.all.Month.value
+ "-" + event.srcElement.innerText;
eval("document.all." + InputBox).value = sDate;
HiddenCalendar();
}
}
function HiddenCalendar() {
// 關閉選擇窗口
document.all.Calendar.style.visibility = 'hidden';
}
function showCalendar(InputBox) {
var months = new Array("一月", "二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月", "八月",
"九月", "十月", "十一月", "十二月");
var days = new Array("日", "一", "二", "三", "四", "五", "六");
var x, y, intLoop, intWeeks, intDays;
var DivContent;
var year, month, day;
var o = eval("document.all." + InputBox);
var thisyear; // 真正的今年年份
thisyear = new getToday();
thisyear = thisyear.year;
today = o.value;
if (isDate(today))
today = new getStringDay(today);
else
today = new getToday();
// 顯示的位置
x = o.offsetLeft;
y = o.offsetTop;
while (o = o.offsetParent) {
x += o.offsetLeft;
y += o.offsetTop;
}
document.all.Calendar.style.left = x + 2;
document.all.Calendar.style.top = y + 20;
document.all.Calendar.style.visibility = "visible";
// 下面開始輸出日曆表格(border-color:#9DBAF7)
DivContent = "<table border='0' cellspacing='0' style='border:1px solid #0066FF; background-color:#EDF2FC'>";
DivContent += "<tr>";
DivContent += "<td style='border-bottom:1px solid #0066FF; background-color:#C7D8FA'>";
// 年
DivContent += "<select name='Year' id='Year' onChange='newCalendar()' style='font-family:Verdana; font-size:12px'>";
for (intLoop = thisyear - 35; intLoop < (thisyear + 2); intLoop++)
DivContent += "<option value= " + intLoop + " "
+ (today.year == intLoop ? "Selected" : "") + ">" + intLoop
+ "</option>";
DivContent += "</select>";
// 月
DivContent += "<select name='Month' id='Month' onChange='newCalendar()' style='font-family:Verdana; font-size:12px'>";
for (intLoop = 0; intLoop < months.length; intLoop++)
DivContent += "<option value= " + (intLoop + 1) + " "
+ (today.month == intLoop ? "Selected" : "") + ">"
+ months[intLoop] + "</option>";
DivContent += "</select>";
DivContent += "</td>";
DivContent += "<td style='border-bottom:1px solid #0066FF; background-color:#C7D8FA; font-weight:bold; font-family:Wingdings 2,Wingdings,Webdings; font-size:16px; padding-top:2px; color:#4477FF; cursor:hand' align='center' title='關閉' onClick='javascript:HiddenCalendar()'>S</td>";
DivContent += "</tr>";
DivContent += "<tr><td align='center' colspan='2'>";
DivContent += "<table id='calendar' border='0' width='100%'>";
// 星期
DivContent += "<tr>";
for (intLoop = 0; intLoop < days.length; intLoop++)
DivContent += "<td align='center' style='font-size:12px'>"
+ days[intLoop] + "</td>";
DivContent += "</tr>";
// 天
for (intWeeks = 0; intWeeks < 6; intWeeks++) {
DivContent += "<tr>";
for (intDays = 0; intDays < days.length; intDays++)
DivContent += "<td onClick='GetDate(\""
+ InputBox
+ "\")' style='cursor:hand; border-right:1px solid #BBBBBB; border-bottom:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#215DC6; font-family:Verdana; font-size:12px' align='center'></td>";
DivContent += "</tr>";
}
DivContent += "</table></td></tr></table>";
document.all.Calendar.innerHTML = DivContent;
newCalendar();
}
function isDate(dateStr) {
var datePat = /^(\d{4})(\-)(\d{1,2})(\-)(\d{1,2})$/;
var matchArray = dateStr.match(datePat);
if (matchArray == null)
return false;
var month = matchArray[3];
var day = matchArray[5];
var year = matchArray[1];
if (month < 1 || month > 12)
return false;
if (day < 1 || day > 31)
return false;
if ((month == 4 || month == 6 || month == 9 || month == 11) && day == 31)
return false;
if (month == 2) {
var isleap = (year % 4 == 0 && (year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0));
if (day > 29 || (day == 29 && !isleap))
return false;
}
return true;
}
把 request 中表單信息封裝成javabean需創建一個cn.wk.utils.WebUtils工具類。因需把request中的一個 String 類型的參數birthday=1999-01-01轉換成java.utils.Date對象，需註冊一個轉換器，這玩意對我來講很陌生，代碼以下：
package cn.wk.utils;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.ConvertUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.Converter;
public class WebUtils {
public static <T> T request2Bean(HttpServletRequest request,
Class<T> beanClass) {
try {
T bean = beanClass.newInstance();
// 獲得 request 裏全部數據
Map map = request.getParameterMap();
// 填充
// map{name=aa,password=bb,birthday=1999-01-01} 填充到bean
// bean{name=aa,password=bb,birthday=Date}
ConvertUtils.register(new Converter() {
@Override
// 字符串 轉成 java.util.Date 返回
public Object convert(Class type, Object value) {
if (value == null) {
return null;
}
String str = (String) value;
if (str.trim().equals("")) {
return null;
}
SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
try {
return df.parse(str);
} catch (ParseException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}, Date.class);
BeanUtils.populate(bean, map);
return bean;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public static String generateID(){
return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
}
head.jsp 中的另外一個按鈕「查看客戶」，跳轉到一個控制層的servlet上，cn.wk.web.controller.ListCustomerServlet代碼以下：
package cn.wk.web.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import cn.wk.service.BusinessService;
import cn.wk.service.impl.BusinessServiceImpl;
// 獲得全部客戶顯示
public class ListCustomerServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
BusinessService service = new BusinessServiceImpl();
List list = service.getAllCustormer();
req.setAttribute("list", list);
req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/listcustomer.jsp").forward(
req, resp);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
req.setAttribute("message", "查看客戶失敗！！");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
經過上面的servlet，除了發生異常時發送「查看客戶失敗！！」的信息到/message.jsp，無異常時將request轉發給/WEB-INF/jsp/listcustomer.jsp，其代碼以下：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>列出全部客戶</title>
</head>
<body style="text-align: center;">
<table frame="border" width="85%">
<tr>
<td>客戶姓名</td>
<td>性別</td>
<td>生日</td>
<td>手機</td>
<td>郵箱</td>
<td>愛好</td>
<td>類型</td>
<td>備註</td>
<td>操做</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach var="c" items="#{requestScope.list}">
<tr>
<td>${c.name }</td>
<td>${c.gender }</td>
<td>${c.birthday }</td>
<td>${c.cellphone }</td>
<td>${c.email }</td>
<td>${c.preference }</td>
<td>${c.type }</td>
<td>${c.description }</td>
<td>
<a href="#">修改</a>
<a href="#">刪除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
上述 jsp 頁面仍會顯示在 index.jsp 中name="main"的分幀裏，緣由是在 head.jsp 中有這樣的定義：
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/ListCustomerServlet" target="main">查看客戶</a>
即用戶點擊查看客戶按鈕，跳轉到控制層的ListCustomerServlet這個servlet上，而後request又由該servlet轉發到/WEB-INF/jsp/listcustomer.jsp這個數據展現頁面上，而這個展現頁面仍受 head.jsp 中的target="main"的控制，最終拼接在 index.jsp 頁面指定的位置上。 真夠複雜的了。
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- 1. day14
- 2. DAY14
- 3. Day14
- 4. day14 HTML
- 5. Python Day14
- 6. PYTHON2.day14
- 7. ##DAY14——StoryBoard
- 8. JavaSE Day14
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