Router#con
redis
Router#conf網絡
Router#configure t負載均衡
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.ide
Router(config)#hostname R1oop
R1(config)#exit性能
R1#學習
R1#ter測試
R1#terminal history size ?url
<0-256> Size of history bufferspa
R1#terminal history size 20
R1#show history
enable
conf t
conf
con
configure t
conf t
terminal history size 20
show history
R1#termi
R1#terminal no hist
R1#terminal no history
R1#ter
R1#terminal history
R1#clock ?
set Set the time and date
R1#clock set 22:28:00 3 june 2013
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#clock ?
initialize Initialize system clock on restart
save backup of clock with NVRAM
summer-time Configure summer (daylight savings) time
timezone Configure time zone
R1(config)#clock timez
R1(config)#clock timezone ?
WORD name of time zone
R1(config)#clock timezone GMT +8
R1(config)#inter
R1(config)#interface ser
R1(config)#interface serial 1/1
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int
R1(config)#inter s1/1
R1(config-if)#ip add
R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdo
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#end
R1#show ip interface brief
R2(config-if)#do show ip inter brief
R2(config-if)#do ping 12.1.1.1
R2(config)#line vty 0 4
R2(config-line)#pas
R2(config-line)#password 123
R2(config-line)#log
R2(config-line)#login
####R2(config)#enable password 456
R2(config)#enable secret 789
R2(config)#exit
R2#show running-config
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#enable ?
last-resort Define enable action if no TACACS servers respond
password Assign the privileged level password
secret Assign the privileged level secret
use-tacacs Use TACACS to check enable passwords
R2(config)#enable se
R2(config)#enable secret cisco
R2#exit ##退出R1遠程登陸R2
R1#telnet 12.1.1.2
路由器後面的AUX是鏈接貓modern經過撥號電話號碼遠程配置路由器的(當不給***,不給internet,不給QQ遠程的狀況下使用的)旁邊的是連交換機的接口的
前言:在網上搜集了很多資料,最後摸到答案,但願爲遇到一樣問題的同窗提供一種解決方案,節約你們學習時間。
課程段:劉貝斯老師《網絡工程師教程》2-8——2-11課程
環境:win7 32位
問題:在該課程指導下dynamips用本機ping R1,ping不通,即第一次ping R1 F0/0:192.168.1.1及S1/1:12.1.1.1。
解決方案:
一、右鍵計算機管理——設備管理器——右鍵計算機名——添加過期硬件——安裝我手動...——網絡適配器——Microsoft(左欄)-Microsoft Loopback Adapter——安裝完成
二、重啓計算機,確認在網絡鏈接裏看到Microsoft Loopback Adapter的本地鏈接,說明安裝成功。
三、在CCNA dynamips從新獲取網卡參數,
選擇名爲MS LoopBack Driver' on local host的網卡參數,並按照視頻教程從新粘貼到指定位置保存。(注意:CMD下getmac命令也能夠得到網卡參數,但此參數略有差別需修改,建議直接用軟件提供的批處理程序得到網卡參數)
四、在網絡鏈接原來真實網卡本地鏈接中選擇自動獲取IP,在Microsft Loopback Adapter的本地鏈接中按教程設置相應IP。
五、按照教程和拓撲圖完成實驗配置,在完成R1的配置後便可嘗試ping F0/0:192.168.1.1及S1/1:12.1.1.1,祝你成功。
start R1
idlepc get R1
idlepc save R1 db
stop R1
R1
en
conf t
int f0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no sh
int s1/1
ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no sh
end
conf t
ip route 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2
ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2
end
R2
en
conf t
int s1/0
ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
int s1/1
ip add 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
end
conf t
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.1
ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.3
end
R3
en
conf t
int s1/0
ip add 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
int lo0
ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
end
conf t
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.2
ip route 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.2
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
en
conf t
host R1
int f0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
int s1/1
ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
en
conf t
host R2
int s1/0
ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
int s1/1
ip add 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
en
conf t
host R3
int s1/0
ip add 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no shut
int lo0
ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
R2#debug ip icmp
R2#conf t
R2#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.1
R2#no debug ip icmp
R1#conf t
R1#ip route 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2
R3#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.2
R1#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2
R2#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.3
R1#en
conf t
int f0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
route#copy runing-config tftp (下載配置文件到cisco TFTP Server裏)
192.168.1.2
r1
route#copy tftp running-config
192.168.1.2
r1
R1#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 23.1.1.3
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface: 192.168.1.1
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23.1.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.1.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/31/44 ms
R1#
或者讓r1的s1/1能夠ping通3.3.3.3就增長r1的s1/1的路由在R3上
R3>enable
R3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#ip route 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.2
##############################################################
R1>enable
R1#show cdp nei
Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge
S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater
Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID
R2 Ser 1/1 154 R 7206VXR Ser 1/0
R1#show cdp
Global CDP information:
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds
Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabled
R1#enable
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#cdp ?
advertise-v2 CDP sends version-2 advertisements
holdtime Specify the holdtime (in sec) to be sent in packets
log Log messages generated by CDP
run Enable CDP
source-interface Insert the interface's IP in all CDP packets
timer Specify rate (in sec) at which CDP packets are sent
R1(config)#cdp timer
R1(config)#cdp timer 10
R1(config)#cdp hol
R1(config)#cdp holdtime 100
R1(config)#do show cdp
Global CDP information:
Sending CDP packets every 10 seconds
Sending a holdtime value of 100 seconds
Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabled
R1(config)#
R1#show ip inter brief
R1(config)#inter fa0/0
R1(config-if)#no shut
en
conf t
host R1
no cdp run ##影響實驗
inter f0/0
ip add 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
inter s1/1
ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
inter lo 0
ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
end
conf t
router rip
net 1.0.0.0
net 12.0.0.0
net 13.0.0.0
en
conf t
host R2
no cdp run
inter s1/0
ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
inter s1/1
ip add 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
inter lo 0
ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
end
conf t
router rip
net 2.0.0.0
net 12.0.0.0
net 23.0.0.0
en
conf t
host R3
no cdp run
inter f0/0
ip add 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no shut
inter s1/0
ip add 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no shut
inter lo 0
ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
end
conf t
router rip
net 3.0.0.0
net 13.0.0.0
net 23.0.0.0
R1>en
R1#debug ip icmp
R1#debug ip rip
R1#no debug ip rip
R1#show interface f0/0 #看接口信息
R1#show ip interface f0/0
split horizon is enabled #打開了水平分割
R1#conf t
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#passive-interface lo0 #關閉lo0口的更新發送,減小資源的浪費
R1(config)#no ip split-horizon #關閉水平分割
R1#no debug ip rip
R1#ping 23.1.1.2
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#timer basic 40 240 0 320
R1(config-router)#no ip cef ##關閉快速交換,啓用了進程交換,實現了負載均衡
R1#show ip protocols
修改rip定時器的默認值
基本命令格式:失效定時器時間<刷新定時器時間
timers basic 更新定時器時間 失效定時器時間 抑制定時器時間 刷新定時器時間
timer basic 40 240 0 320
int f0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
int s1/1
ip unnumberd f0/0 #IP地址的借用
no shut
ip route
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 s1/1 ##s1/1爲本地路由器的接口
##############################################################
//實際項目工程中,多用這種方法
router rip
net 12.0.0.0
defaulet-information originate //聲明R2是默認路由的起源,這樣R2就會向其餘RIP路由器,宣告本身是默認路由
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 23.1.1.3 ##下一個路由器的接口IP
router rip
net 12.0.0.0
net 193.1.1.0
exit
ip route 193.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 21.1.1.2 130 ##浮動靜態路由,當專線down掉時候用這個靜態路由
###################################################################
en
conf t
host R1
int f0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
int s1/1
ip unnumbered f0/0 #借用f0/0的地址
no shut
exit
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 s1/1 ##s1/1是本路由器的接口,192.168.2.0是對端的ip地址
en
conf t
host R2
int f0/0
ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
int s1/0
ip unnumbered f0/0
no shut
exit
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s1/0
router rip
version 2
net 192.168.1.0
router rip
ver 2
net 12.0.0.0
net 192.168.1.0
no auto-summary ##關閉自動彙總,路由器不通能夠用
R1上使用手工彙總
int s1/1
ip summary-address rip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.192 ###rip的手動彙總
en
conf t
host R1
int s1/1
ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
int lo0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
router rip
ver 2
net 12.0.0.0
net 192.168.1.0
exit
key chain ccna
key 1
key-string cisco ###接口2端的密碼要同樣否則不通
int s1/1 ###
ip rip authentication mode md5
ip rip authentication key-chain ccna
###########################
router rip
ver 2
net 12.0.0.0
net 192.168.2.0
exit
key chain ccna
key 1
key-string cisco
int s1/0
ip rip authentication mode md5
ip rip authentication key-chain ccna
####################################################
把show running-config的配置信息複製-粘貼到路由器裏
en
conf t
複製--粘貼show running-config的配置
show cdp nei
ping 直連端口的IP再ping迴環地址和其餘IP看看是否會通
show ip inter brief 看接口IP和協議有沒有up起來
show ip pro看看協議正確嗎
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#ver
R2(config-router)#version 2 ##改過來版本2
R2(config-router)#do show ip pro
###################
router eigrp 100
network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
net 21.1.1.1 0.0.0.255
net 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
router eigrp 100
network 0.0.0.0
int s1/0
ip add 125.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 secondary
R1#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 ###默認是k1=k3=1, k2=k4=k5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
R1# conf t
R1(config)#router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)#metric weights 0 1 0 0 0 0
R1(config-router)#metric weights 0 1 0 1 0 0
R1#show ip eigrp neighbors
eigrp排錯:鏈路接口的IP地址,AS號是否匹配,不能配置被動接口
show inter f0/0
show ip route
R1#show ip eigrp topology #eigrp的拓撲表
P 2.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 156160 ##
via 21.1.1.2 (##156160/128256), FastEthernet0/0
via 12.1.1.2 (2297856/128256), Serial1/1
R1#show ip eigrp topology all-links #RD<FD
R1#show ip eigrp topology
P 23.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via 13.1.1.3 (2172416/2169856), FastEthernet0/0 2172416
via 12.1.1.2 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/1 2681856
R1#conf t
R1(config)#router eigrp 100 ##100=AS號
R1(config-router)#variance 2 ###2=2681856/2172416
R1#show ip route ##能夠看到有2條負載均衡的線路了
注意:eigrp次要路由要寫進路由表要知足2個條件
1.度量值<N*FD 2.RD<FD
N=2=2681856/2172416
###########################################################
eigrp的自動彙總
R2(config-if)#router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)#net 0.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)#passive-interface default ##把路由器2上的接口所有設置爲被動接口
R2(config-router)#no passive-interface s1/0 ##這個不是迴環接口打開這個接口
eigrp手動彙總
R2#conf t
R2(config)#router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary ##關閉自動彙總
R2(config)#router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#inter s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 100 2.2.0.0 255.255.254.0 ###手動彙總
eigrp的外部路由
router eigrp 100
redistribute connected
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.2 ###1.1.1.2是ISP的路由器地址公網的
router eigrp 100
redistribute static
####################################
eigrp的驗證
en
conf t
key chain test #祕鑰的名字
key 1 #1把鑰匙
key-string cisco #祕鑰的密碼
int s1/1
ip authentication key-chain eigrp 100 test #匹配key chain test密鑰
ip authentication mode eigrp 100 md5 #md5驗證祕鑰
#########################################
eigrp性能調整
R1(config-if)#do show ip inter brief ###查看有哪些起來的接口
R1(config-if)#do show inter s1/1 ###查看具體的接口帶寬多少
R1#conf t
R1(config)#inter s1/1
R1(config-if)#ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 100 5 ###調整使用帶寬的50%,100是AS號
#########################################
eigrp排錯思路
show ip pro #路由協議,AS號,K值不匹配,物理層的鏈接
show ip eigrp nei
show ip inter brief
conf t
inter s1/1
no ip add 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 #刪除接口IP地址
接口起來了就不須要no shut接口了
##############################
show ip inter brief
conf t
router ospf 1 #1隨便其餘路由器不同也能夠
network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 #直鏈接口必須在同一個區域中
network 123.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
int f0/0
ip add 123.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
router ospf 1 #不須要切到配置conf t模式接口模式也能夠直接配置ospf協議
network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 area 0 #全部接口都配置到ospf就0.0.0.0就能夠了
int lo0
ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 #環回口不須要no shut
router ospf 3
network 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 area 0 #255.255.255.0也能夠正着寫,不須要寫反掩碼
do show ip inter brief #看端口狀態和協議狀態
do show ip protocals ##看運行的協議
#############################################
show ip route
show ip ospf/eigrp nei
do show ip ospf inter f0/0
do show ip ospf database #三臺路由器的數據鏈路表都是同樣的
##############################################
do show ip protocols ##看ospf 3
conf t
router ospf 3
router-id 5.5.5.5 #修改router-id號
do clear ip ospf process #重啓ospf的進程
回答y
do show ip pro
################################################
int f0/0
ip ospf priority 0 #將其餘路由器的優先級設爲0,這樣子優先級爲0的路由器就不參與DR和BDR的選舉了
#################################################
show ip inter f0/0 #看實際帶寬
ospf的默認默認參考帶寬是100MB/S
修改這個值:R1(config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth 10000
哪麼計算公式也要改成:10000MB/S除以實際帶寬(取整,結果小於0時取1)
在同一個OSPF/area網絡中,修改了一臺路由器默認帶寬,其餘也要修改
###################################################
ospf的明文驗證
debug ip ospf packet
no debug ip ospf packet
aut:2 爲md5驗證
conf t
inter f0/0
ip ospf authentication-key cisco #明文驗證密碼是cisco
exit
router ospf 1
area 0 authentication #0是明文驗證
exit
inter s1/1
ip ospf authentication-key cisco #在同一個area就不須要area 0 authentication
do show ip ospf nei
####################################################
ospf的MD5驗證
int f0/0
no ip ospf authentication-k
ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 cisco
int s1/1
no ip ospf authentication-k
ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 cisco
exit
router ospf 1
area 0 authentication message-digest
#####################################################
ospf的默認路由
inter lo0
ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 lo0
router ospf 1
default-information originate
do show ip route #能夠看到學到的默認路由
#######################################################
ospf排錯
en
erase startup-config #(回車)刪除路由器的預存配置
conf t
R1(config)#int l0
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.10.0.1 255.255.252.0 #環回口ip配置錯誤
int s1/0 #do show ip inter brief協議down看直連的下一個路由器的接口
no shut
R1
do show ip route
do show ip pro
router ospf 1
no network 10.10.0.0 0.0.7.255 area 0
net 10.10.0.0 0.0.3.255 area 0
show ip ospf nei
show ip ospf nei
show ip route
default-information originate #宣告默認路由
default-information originate #宣告默認路由
do ping
10.10.4.1 #目的IP地址
擴展y
10.10.0.1 #源IP地址
R2
show ip pro
router ospf 1
no passive-interface s1/0
passive-interface l0 #l0=loopback0修改環回口爲被動接口
show ip pro
do show ip route
do show ip route
R3
show ip route
show ip ospf nei
第一步:連線,刪除路由器預存配置文件,重啓路由器
1.連線
根據圖中拓撲進行連線,可是咱們使用的是模擬機架,這個工做就省去了。
2.清除每臺路由器的配置
在實際環境中,每臺路由器可能已經有了配置文件了,須要咱們刪除已經有的配置文件,而後重啓路由。由於咱們用的模擬路由器也不存在這個問題。
實際環境中,刪除路由器配置方法
命令:erase startup-config
第二步:裝入路由器的預配置
第三步:排除物理層故障
1.根據拓撲圖,檢查路由器的連線是否正常。由於使用的是模擬機架,因此確定正常。
2.檢查線纜類型
第四步:排除數據鏈路層故障
1.檢查串行線路兩端封裝協議是否一致。目前爲止咱們沒有介紹過封裝協議,因此這個地方不會有錯,串行接口默認使用的是HDLC封裝。
2.參加CCNA考試的同窗要檢查packet tracer模擬器中時鐘的配置。現實環境中不須要。
第五步:排除網絡層接口的故障
檢查R1,R2,R3各個接口的IP地址,子網掩碼,端口狀態是否正常。各直鏈接口能夠相互ping痛
第六步:排除網絡層路由協議故障
經過查看路由表,鄰居表,和路由協議發現故障並排除
第七步:測試
第八步:保存配置記錄文檔