1、理論知識部分java
程序是一段靜態的代碼,它是應用程序執行的藍本。進程是程序的一次動態執行,它對應了從代碼加載、執行至執行完畢的一個完整過程。操做系統爲每一個進程分配一段獨立的內存空間和系統資源,包括:代碼數據以及堆棧等資源。每個進程的內部數據和狀態都是徹底獨立的。多任務操做系統中,進程切換對CPU資源消耗較大。編程
多線程是進程執行過程當中產生的多條執行線索。線程是比進程執行更小的單位。線程不能獨立存在,必須存在於進程中,同一進程的各線程間共享進程空間的數據。每一個線程有它自身的產生、存在和消亡的過程,是一個動態的概念。多線程意味着一個程序的多行語句能夠看上去幾乎在同一時間內同時運行。線程建立、銷燬和切換的負荷遠小於進程,又稱爲輕量級進程。canvas
Java實現多線程有兩種途徑:建立Thread類的子類;在程序中定義實現Runnable接口的類。多線程
用Thread類的子類建立線程:首先需從Thread類派生出一個子類,在該子類中重寫run()方法。而後用建立該子類的對象Lefthand left=new Lefthand(); Righthand right=new Righthand();最後用start()方法啓動線程 left.start(); right.start();併發
用Thread類的子類建立多線程的關鍵性操做:定義Thread類的子類並實現用戶線程操做,即run()方法的實現。在適當的時候啓動線程。因爲Java只支持單重繼承,用這種方法定義的類不可再繼承其餘父類。dom
用Runnable()接口實現線程:首先設計一個實現Runnable接口的類;而後在類中根據須要重寫run方法;再建立該類對象,以此對象爲參數創建Thread 類的對象;調用Thread類對象的start方法啓動線程,將 CPU執行權轉交到run方法。ide
Thread(Runnable r):建立一個新線程,它調用r的run(), r是一個實現了Runnable接口的類的實例。佈局
線程兩種建立方法比較:實現Runnable接口的優點:符合OO設計的思想;便於用extends繼承其它類。採用繼承Thread類方法的優勢:代碼簡單。測試
線程的終止:當線程的run方法執行方法體中最後一條語句後,或者出現了在run方法中沒有捕獲的異常時,線程將終止,讓出CPU使用權。調用interrupt()方法也可終止線程。 void interrupt() :向一個線程發送一箇中斷請求,同時把這個線程的「interrupted」狀態置爲true。若該線程處於 blocked 狀 態,會拋出 InterruptedException。this
測試線程是否被中斷的方法:static boolean interrupted() :檢測當前線程是否已被中斷,並重置狀態 「interrupted」值爲false。 boolean isInterrupted() :檢測當前線程是否已被中斷 , 不改變狀態 「interrupted」值 。
利用各線程的狀態變換,能夠控制各個線程輪流 使用CPU,體現多線程的並行性特徵。
線程有以下7種狀態:New (新建);Runnable (可運行);Running(運行) ;Blocked (被阻塞) ;Waiting (等待) ;Timed waiting (計時等待) ; Terminated (被終止)。
new(新建):線程對象剛剛建立,尚未啓動,此時線程還處於不可運行狀態。例如: Thread thread=new Thread(r); 此時線程thread處於新建狀態,有了相應的內存空間以及其它資源。
runnable(可運行狀態):此時線程已經啓動,處於線程的run()方法之中。此時的線程可能運行,也可能不運行,只要 CPU一空閒,立刻就會運行。調用線程的start()方法可以使線程處於「可運行」狀態。例如: thread.start();
blocked (被阻塞):一個正在執行的線程因特殊緣由,被暫停執行,進入阻塞狀態。阻塞時線程不能進入隊列排隊,必須等到引發阻塞的緣由消除,纔可從新進入排隊隊列。引發阻塞的緣由不少,不一樣緣由要用不一樣的方法解除。sleep(),wait()是兩個經常使用引發線程阻塞的方法。
線程阻塞的三種狀況:等待阻塞:經過調用線程的wait()方法,讓線程等待某工做的完成。同步阻塞:線程在獲取synchronized同步鎖失敗(由於鎖被其它線程所佔用),它會進入同步阻 塞狀態。 其餘阻塞:經過調用線程的sleep()或join() 或發出了I/O請求時,線程會進入到阻塞狀態。當 sleep()狀態超時、join()等待線程終止或者超時、或者I/O處理完畢時,線程從新轉入就緒狀態。
Terminated (被終止) :線程被終止的緣由有二:一是run()方法中最後一個語句執行完畢而自 然死亡。二是由於一個沒有捕獲的異常終止了run方法而意外死亡。能夠調用線程的 stop 方法殺死一個線程(thread.stop();),可是,stop方法已過期,不要在本身的代碼中調用它。
線程的掛起和恢復: suspend() 和 resume() 方法:兩個方法可配套使用,suspend()使得線程進入阻塞狀態,而且不會自動恢復,必須其對應的 resume()被調用, 才能使得線程從新進入可執行狀態。但這種方法很容易引發線程死鎖問題,已不推薦使用。
其餘判斷和影響線程狀態的方法:join():等待指定線程的終止。 join(long millis):通過指定時間等待終止指定的線程。 isAlive():測試當前線程是否在活動。 yield():讓當前線程由「運行狀態」進入到「就緒狀態」 ,從而讓其它具備相同優先級的等待線程獲取執行權。
Java 的線程調度採用優先級策略:優先級高的先執行,優先級低的後執行;多線程系統會自動爲每一個線程分配一個優先級,缺省時,繼承其父類的優先級; 任務緊急的線程,其優先級較高; 同優先級的線程按「先進先出」的隊列原則。
Thread類有三個與線程優先級有關的靜態量: MAX_PRIORITY:最大優先權,值爲10; MIN_PRIORITY:最小優先權,值爲1; NORM _PRIORITY:默認優先權,值爲5。
調用setPriority(int a)重置當前線程的優先級,a取值能夠是前述的三個靜態量。調用getPriority()得到當前線程優先級。
下面幾種狀況下,當前運行線程會放棄CPU:線程調用了yield() 或sleep() 方法;搶先式系統下,有高優先級的線程參與調度;因爲當前線程進行I/O訪問、外存讀寫、等待用 戶輸入等操做致使線程阻塞;或者是爲等候一個條件變量,以及線程調用wait() 方法。
守護線程的唯一用途是爲其餘線程提供服務。例如計時線程。在一個線程啓動以前,調用setDaemon方法可將線程轉換爲守護線程。例如:setDaemon(true);
多線程併發執行中的問題:多個線程相對執行的順序是不肯定的。線程執行順序的不肯定性會產生執行結果的不肯定性。在多線程對共享數據操做時經常會產生這種不肯定性
多線程併發運行不肯定性問題解決方案:引入線程同步機制,使得另外一線程要使用該方法,就只能等待。
在Java中解決多線程同步問題的方法有兩種:J ava SE 5.0中引入ReentrantLock類。 在共享內存的類方法前加synchronized修飾符。
有關鎖對象和條件對象的關鍵要點:鎖用來保護代碼片斷,保證任什麼時候刻只能有一個線程執行被保護的代碼。鎖管理試圖進入被保護代碼段的線程。鎖可擁有一個或多個相關條件對象。每一個條件對象管理那些已經進入被保護的代碼 段但還不能運行的線程。
synchronized關鍵字做用: 某個類內方法用synchronized 修飾後,該方法被稱爲同步方法;只要某個線程正在訪問同步方法,其餘線程欲要訪問同步方法就被阻塞,直至線程從同 步方法返回前喚醒被阻塞線程,其餘線程方可能進入同步方法。
在同步方法中使用wait()、notify 和notifyAll()方法:一個線程在使用的同步方法中時,可能根據問題的須要,必須使用wait()方法使本線程等待,暫時讓出CPU的使用權,並容許其它線程使用這個同步方法。線程若是用完同步方法,應當執行notifyAll()方 法通知全部因爲使用這個同步方法而處於等待的 線程結束等待。
2、實驗部分
1、實驗目的與要求
(1) 掌握線程概念;
(2) 掌握線程建立的兩種技術;
(3) 理解和掌握線程的優先級屬性及調度方法;
(4) 掌握線程同步的概念及實現技術;
2、實驗內容和步驟
實驗1:測試程序並進行代碼註釋。
測試程序1:
l 在elipse IDE中調試運行ThreadTest,結合程序運行結果理解程序;
l 掌握線程概念;
l 掌握用Thread的擴展類實現線程的方法;
l 利用Runnable接口改造程序,掌握用Runnable接口建立線程的方法。
class Lefthand extends Thread { public void run() { for(int i=0;i<=5;i++) { System.out.println("You are Students!"); try{ sleep(500); } catch(InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Lefthand error.");} } } } class Righthand extends Thread { public void run() { for(int i=0;i<=5;i++) { System.out.println("I am a Teacher!"); try{ sleep(300); } catch(InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Righthand error.");} } } } public class ThreadTest { static Lefthand left; static Righthand right; public static void main(String[] args) { left=new Lefthand(); right=new Righthand(); left.start(); right.start(); } } |
用Runnable接口改造程序:
class Lefthand implements Runnable { public void run() { for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) { System.out.println("You are Students!"); try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Lefthand error."); } } } } class Righthand implements Runnable { public void run() { for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) { System.out.println("I am a Teacher!"); try { Thread.sleep(300); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Righthand error."); } } } } public class ThreadTest { static Thread left; static Thread right; public static void main(String[] args) { Runnable a = new Lefthand(); Runnable b = new Righthand(); left = new Thread(a); right = new Thread(b); left.start(); right.start(); } }
測試程序2:
l 在Elipse環境下調試教材625頁程序14-一、14-2 、14-3,結合程序運行結果理解程序;
package bounce; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * Shows an animated bouncing ball. * * @version 1.34 2015-06-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class Bounce { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new BounceFrame(); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * The frame with ball component and buttons. */ class BounceFrame extends JFrame { private BallComponent comp; public static final int STEPS = 1000; public static final int DELAY = 3; /** * Constructs the frame with the component for showing the bouncing ball and * Start and Close buttons */ public BounceFrame() { setTitle("Bounce");// 設置窗體的標題 comp = new BallComponent(); add(comp, BorderLayout.CENTER);// 中間區域的佈局約束 JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(); addButton(buttonPanel, "Start", event -> addBall());// 添加Start按鈕 addButton(buttonPanel, "Close", event -> System.exit(0));// 添加Close按鈕 add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);// 南區域的佈局約束 pack();// 調整窗口大小 } /** * Adds a button to a container. * * @param c * the container * @param title * the button title * @param listener * the action listener for the button */ public void addButton(Container c, String title, ActionListener listener) { JButton button = new JButton(title); c.add(button); button.addActionListener(listener); } /** * Adds a bouncing ball to the panel and makes it bounce 1,000 times. */ public void addBall() { try { Ball ball = new Ball(); comp.add(ball); for (int i = 1; i <= STEPS; i++) { ball.move(comp.getBounds()); comp.paint(comp.getGraphics()); Thread.sleep(DELAY);// 在指定的毫秒數內讓當前正在執行的線程休眠 } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } }
package bounce; import java.awt.geom.*; /** * A ball that moves and bounces off the edges of a rectangle * * @version 1.33 2007-05-17 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class Ball { private static final int XSIZE = 15; private static final int YSIZE = 15; private double x = 0; private double y = 0; private double dx = 1; private double dy = 1; /** * Moves the ball to the next position, reversing direction if it hits one of * the edges */ public void move(Rectangle2D bounds) { x += dx; y += dy; if (x < bounds.getMinX()) { x = bounds.getMinX();// 以 double 精度返回 Shape 窗體矩形的最小 X 座標 dx = -dx; } if (x + XSIZE >= bounds.getMaxX()) { x = bounds.getMaxX() - XSIZE; dx = -dx; } if (y < bounds.getMinY()) { y = bounds.getMinY();// 以 double 精度返回 Shape 窗體矩形的最小 Y 座標 dy = -dy; } if (y + YSIZE >= bounds.getMaxY()) { y = bounds.getMaxY() - YSIZE; dy = -dy; } } /** * Gets the shape of the ball at its current position. */ public Ellipse2D getShape() { return new Ellipse2D.Double(x, y, XSIZE, YSIZE);// 根據指定座標構造和初始化 Ellipse2D } }
package bounce; import java.awt.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * The component that draws the balls. * * @version 1.34 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class BallComponent extends JPanel { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 450; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 350; private java.util.List<Ball> balls = new ArrayList<>(); /** * Add a ball to the component. * * @param b * the ball to add */ public void add(Ball b) { balls.add(b); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); // erase background Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; for (Ball b : balls) { g2.fill(b.getShape()); } } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } }
l 在Elipse環境下調試教材631頁程序14-4,結合程序運行結果理解程序;
package bounceThread; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * Shows animated bouncing balls. * * @version 1.34 2015-06-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class BounceThread { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new BounceFrame(); frame.setTitle("BounceThread");//設置標題 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * The frame with panel and buttons. */ class BounceFrame extends JFrame { private BallComponent comp; public static final int STEPS = 1000; public static final int DELAY = 5; /** * Constructs the frame with the component for showing the bouncing ball and * Start and Close buttons */ public BounceFrame() { comp = new BallComponent(); add(comp, BorderLayout.CENTER);//中間區域的佈局約束 JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();//建立具備雙緩衝和流佈局的新 JPanel。 addButton(buttonPanel, "Start", event -> addBall());//添加Start按鈕 addButton(buttonPanel, "Close", event -> System.exit(0));//添加Close按鈕 add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);//南區域的佈局約束(容器底部) pack();//調整窗口的大小 } /** * Adds a button to a container. * * @param c the container * @param title the button title * @param listener the action listener for the button */ public void addButton(Container c, String title, ActionListener listener) { JButton button = new JButton(title); c.add(button); button.addActionListener(listener); } /** * Adds a bouncing ball to the canvas and starts a thread to make it bounce */ public void addBall() { Ball ball = new Ball(); comp.add(ball); Runnable r = () -> { try { for (int i = 1; i <= STEPS; i++) { ball.move(comp.getBounds()); comp.repaint();//重繪組件 Thread.sleep(DELAY);//在指定的毫秒數內讓當前正在執行的線程休眠 } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } }; Thread t = new Thread(r); t.start(); } }
package bounceThread; import java.awt.geom.*; /** A ball that moves and bounces off the edges of a rectangle * @version 1.33 2007-05-17 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class Ball { private static final int XSIZE = 15; private static final int YSIZE = 15; private double x = 0; private double y = 0; private double dx = 1; private double dy = 1; /** Moves the ball to the next position, reversing direction if it hits one of the edges */ public void move(Rectangle2D bounds) { x += dx; y += dy; if (x < bounds.getMinX()) { x = bounds.getMinX();//以 double 精度返回 Shape 窗體矩形的最小 X 座標 dx = -dx; } if (x + XSIZE >= bounds.getMaxX()) { x = bounds.getMaxX() - XSIZE; dx = -dx; } if (y < bounds.getMinY()) { y = bounds.getMinY(); //根據指定座標構造和初始化 Ellipse2D dy = -dy; } if (y + YSIZE >= bounds.getMaxY()) { y = bounds.getMaxY() - YSIZE; dy = -dy; } } /** Gets the shape of the ball at its current position. */ public Ellipse2D getShape() { return new Ellipse2D.Double(x, y, XSIZE, YSIZE);//根據指定座標構造和初始化 Ellipse2D } }
package bounceThread; import java.awt.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * The component that draws the balls. * * @version 1.34 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class BallComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 450; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 350; private java.util.List<Ball> balls = new ArrayList<>(); /** * Add a ball to the panel. * * @param b the ball to add */ public void add(Ball b) { balls.add(b); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; for (Ball b : balls) { g2.fill(b.getShape()); } } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);//構造一個 Dimension,並將其初始化爲指定寬度和高度。 } }
l 對比兩個程序,理解線程的概念和用途;
l 掌握線程建立的兩種技術。
測試程序3:分析如下程序運行結果並理解程序。
class Race extends Thread { public static void main(String args[]) { Race[] runner=new Race[4]; for(int i=0;i<4;i++) runner[i]=new Race( ); for(int i=0;i<4;i++) runner[i].start( ); runner[1].setPriority(MIN_PRIORITY); runner[3].setPriority(MAX_PRIORITY);} public void run( ) { for(int i=0; i<1000000; i++); System.out.println(getName()+"線程的優先級是"+getPriority()+"已計算完畢!"); } } |
class Race extends Thread { public static void main(String args[]) { Race[] runner = new Race[4]; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) runner[i] = new Race(); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) runner[i].start();//使該線程開始執行 runner[1].setPriority(MIN_PRIORITY);// 更改線程優先級,線程能夠具備的最低優先級 runner[3].setPriority(MAX_PRIORITY);// 更改線程的優先級,線程能夠具備的最高優先級 } public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++);// 延時做用 System.out.println(getName() + "線程的優先級是" + getPriority() + "已計算完畢!"); } }
測試程序4
l 教材642頁程序模擬一個有若干帳戶的銀行,隨機地生成在這些帳戶之間轉移錢款的交易。每個帳戶有一個線程。在每一筆交易中,會從線程所服務的帳戶中隨機轉移必定數目的錢款到另外一個隨機帳戶。
l 在Elipse環境下調試教材642頁程序14-五、14-6,結合程序運行結果理解程序;
package unsynch; import java.util.*; /** * A bank with a number of bank accounts. * * @version 1.30 2004-08-01 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class Bank { private final double[] accounts; /** * Constructs the bank. * * @param n the number of accounts * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account */ public Bank(int n, double initialBalance) { accounts = new double[n]; Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance); } /** * Transfers money from one account to another. * * @param from the account to transfer from * @param to the account to transfer to * @param amount the amount to transfer */ public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) { if (accounts[from] < amount) return; System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());//返回對當前正在執行的線程對象的引用 accounts[from] -= amount; System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to); accounts[to] += amount; System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance()); } /** * Gets the sum of all account balances. * * @return the total balance */ public double getTotalBalance() { double sum = 0; for (double a : accounts) sum += a; return sum; } /** * Gets the number of accounts in the bank. * * @return the number of accounts */ public int size() { return accounts.length; } }
package unsynch; /** * This program shows data corruption when multiple threads access a data * structure. * * @version 1.31 2015-06-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class UnsynchBankTest { public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100; public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000; public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000; public static final int DELAY = 10; public static void main(String[] args) { Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE); for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++) { int fromAccount = i; Runnable r = () -> { try { while (true) { int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random()); double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random(); bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount); Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random()));//在指定的毫秒數內讓當前正在執行的線程休眠 } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } }; Thread t = new Thread(r);//分配新的 Thread 對象 t.start();//使該線程開始執行 } } }
綜合編程練習
編程練習1
(1) 用戶信息輸入界面以下圖所示:
(2) 用戶點擊提交按鈕時,用戶輸入信息顯示控制檯界面;
(3) 用戶點擊重置按鈕後,清空用戶已輸入信息;
(4) 點擊窗口關閉,程序退出。
import java.awt.EventQueue; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { DemoJFrame page = new DemoJFrame(); }); } }
import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.Toolkit; import java.awt.Window; public class WinCenter { public static void center(Window win) { Toolkit tkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); Dimension sSize = tkit.getScreenSize(); Dimension wSize = win.getSize(); if (wSize.height > sSize.height) { wSize.height = sSize.height; } if (wSize.width > sSize.width) { wSize.width = sSize.width; } win.setLocation((sSize.width - wSize.width) / 2, (sSize.height - wSize.height) / 2); } }
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class DemoJFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel jPanel1; private JPanel jPanel2; private JPanel jPanel3; private JPanel jPanel4; private JTextField fieldname; private JComboBox comboBox; private JTextField fieldadress; private ButtonGroup bg; private JRadioButton nan; private JRadioButton nv; private JCheckBox sing; private JCheckBox dance; private JCheckBox read; public DemoJFrame() { // 設置窗口大小 this.setSize(800, 400); // 設置可見性 this.setVisible(true); // 設置標題 this.setTitle("Students Detail"); // 設置關閉操做 this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); // 設置窗口居中 WinCenter.center(this); this.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); // 建立四個面板對象 jPanel1 = new JPanel(); setJPanel1(jPanel1); jPanel2 = new JPanel(); setJPanel2(jPanel2); jPanel3 = new JPanel(); setJPanel3(jPanel3); jPanel4 = new JPanel(); setJPanel4(jPanel4); // 設置容器的爲流佈局 FlowLayout flowLayout = new FlowLayout(); this.setLayout(flowLayout); // 將四個面板添加到容器中 this.add(jPanel1); this.add(jPanel2); this.add(jPanel3); this.add(jPanel4); } /* * 設置面一 */ private void setJPanel1(JPanel jPanel) { // TODO 自動生成的方法存根 jPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 45)); // 給面板的佈局設置爲網格佈局 一行4列 jPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 4)); JLabel name = new JLabel("Name:"); fieldname = new JTextField(""); JLabel study = new JLabel("Qualification:"); comboBox = new JComboBox(); comboBox.addItem("小學"); comboBox.addItem("初中"); comboBox.addItem("高中"); comboBox.addItem("本科"); jPanel.add(name); jPanel.add(fieldname); jPanel.add(study); jPanel.add(comboBox); this.add(jPanel); } /* * 設置面板二 */ private void setJPanel2(JPanel jPanel) { // TODO 自動生成的方法存根 jPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 50)); // 給面板的佈局設置爲網格佈局 一行4列 jPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 4)); JLabel name = new JLabel("Adress:"); fieldadress = new JTextField(); fieldadress.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(150, 50)); JLabel study = new JLabel("Hobby:"); JPanel selectBox = new JPanel(); selectBox.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("")); selectBox.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 1)); read = new JCheckBox("Reading"); sing = new JCheckBox("Singing"); dance = new JCheckBox("Dancing"); selectBox.add(read); selectBox.add(sing); selectBox.add(dance); jPanel.add(name); jPanel.add(fieldadress); jPanel.add(study); jPanel.add(selectBox); } /* * 設置面板三 */ private void setJPanel3(JPanel jPanel) { // TODO 自動生成的方法存根 jPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 150)); FlowLayout flowLayout = new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT); jPanel.setLayout(flowLayout); JLabel sex = new JLabel("Sex:"); JPanel selectBox = new JPanel(); selectBox.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("")); selectBox.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1)); bg = new ButtonGroup(); nan = new JRadioButton("男"); nv = new JRadioButton("女"); bg.add(nan); bg.add(nv); selectBox.add(nan); selectBox.add(nv); jPanel.add(sex); jPanel.add(selectBox); } /* * 設置面板四 */ private void setJPanel4(JPanel jPanel) { // TODO 自動生成的方法存根 jPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 150)); FlowLayout flowLayout = new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER, 50, 10); jPanel.setLayout(flowLayout); jPanel.setLayout(flowLayout); JButton sublite = new JButton("Validate"); JButton reset = new JButton("Reset"); sublite.addActionListener((e) -> valiData()); reset.addActionListener((e) -> Reset()); jPanel.add(sublite); jPanel.add(reset); } /* * 提交數據 */ private void valiData() { // TODO 自動生成的方法存根 // 拿到數據 String name = fieldname.getText().toString().trim(); String qualification = comboBox.getSelectedItem().toString().trim(); String address = fieldadress.getText().toString().trim(); System.out.println("姓名: " + name); System.out.println("學歷: " + qualification); System.out.println("地址: " + address); String hobbystring = ""; if (read.isSelected()) { hobbystring += "Reading "; } if (sing.isSelected()) { hobbystring += "Singing "; } if (dance.isSelected()) { hobbystring += "Dancing "; } System.out.println("愛好: " + hobbystring); if (nan.isSelected()) { System.out.println("性別:男"); } if (nv.isSelected()) { System.out.println("性別:女"); } } /* * 重置 */ private void Reset() { // TODO 自動生成的方法存根 fieldadress.setText(null); fieldname.setText(null); comboBox.setSelectedIndex(0); sing.setSelected(false); dance.setSelected(false); read.setSelected(false); bg.clearSelection(); } }
2.建立兩個線程,每一個線程按順序輸出5次「你好」,每一個「你好」要標明來自哪一個線程及其順序號。
class Lefthand implements Runnable { public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { System.out.println(i+"a.你好"); try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Lefthand error."); } } } } class Righthand implements Runnable { public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { System.out.println(i+"b.你好"); try { Thread.sleep(300); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Righthand error."); } } } } public class ThreadTest { static Thread left; static Thread right; public static void main(String[] args) { Runnable a = new Lefthand(); Runnable b = new Righthand(); left = new Thread(a); right = new Thread(b); left.start(); right.start(); } }
3、實驗總結
經過此次實驗,我瞭解了線程的概念,用Thread的擴展類實現線程的方法,用Runnable接口建立線程的方法。但編程仍需多加練習,有些知識仍需掌握。