Celery分佈式系統

1.什麼是Celery

Celery是一個簡單、靈活且可靠的,處理大量消息的分佈式系統python

專一於實時處理的異步任務隊列redis

同時也支持任務調度django

2.Celery架構

img

Celery的架構由三部分組成,消息中間件(message broker),任務執行單元(worker)和任務執行結果存儲(task result store)組成。windows

2.1消息中間件

Celery自己不提供消息服務,可是能夠方便的和第三方提供的消息中間件集成。包括,RabbitMQ, Redis等等架構

2.2任務執行單元

Worker是Celery提供的任務執行的單元,worker併發的運行在分佈式的系統節點中。併發

2.3任務結果存儲

Task result store用來存儲Worker執行的任務的結果,Celery支持以不一樣方式存儲任務的結果,包括AMQP, redis等app

2.4版本支持狀況

Celery version 4.0 runs on
        Python ❨2.7, 3.4, 3.5❩
        PyPy ❨5.4, 5.5❩
    This is the last version to support Python 2.7, and from the next version (Celery 5.x) Python 3.5 or newer is required.

    If you’re running an older version of Python, you need to be running an older version of Celery:

        Python 2.6: Celery series 3.1 or earlier.
        Python 2.5: Celery series 3.0 or earlier.
        Python 2.4 was Celery series 2.2 or earlier.

    Celery is a project with minimal funding, so we don’t support Microsoft Windows. Please don’t open any issues related to that platform.

3.使用場景

異步任務:將耗時操做任務提交給Celery去異步執行,好比發送短信/郵件、消息推送、音視頻處理等等異步

定時任務:定時執行某件事情,好比天天數據統計async

4.Celery的安裝配置

pip install celery分佈式

消息中間件:RabbitMQ/Redis

app=Celery('任務名',backend='xxx',broker='xxx')

5.Celery執行異步任務

5.1基本使用

建立項目celerytest

建立py文件:celery_app_task.py

import celery
import time
# broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2' 不加密碼
backend='redis://:123456@127.0.0.1:6379/1'
broker='redis://:123456@127.0.0.1:6379/2'
cel=celery.Celery('test',backend=backend,broker=broker)
@cel.task
def add(x,y):
    return x+y

建立py文件:add_task.py,添加任務

from celery_app_task import add
result = add.delay(4,5)
print(result.id)

建立py文件:run.py,執行任務,或者使用命令執行:celery worker -A celery_app_task -l info

注:windows下:celery worker -A celery_app_task -l info -P eventlet

from celery_app_task import cel
if __name__ == '__main__':
    cel.worker_main()
    # cel.worker_main(argv=['--loglevel=info')

建立py文件:result.py,查看任務執行結果

from celery.result import AsyncResult
from celery_app_task import cel

async = AsyncResult(id="e919d97d-2938-4d0f-9265-fd8237dc2aa3", app=cel)

if async.successful():
    result = async.get()
    print(result)
    # result.forget() # 將結果刪除
elif async.failed():
    print('執行失敗')
elif async.status == 'PENDING':
    print('任務等待中被執行')
elif async.status == 'RETRY':
    print('任務異常後正在重試')
elif async.status == 'STARTED':
    print('任務已經開始被執行')

執行 add_task.py,添加任務,並獲取任務ID

執行 run.py ,或者執行命令:celery worker -A celery_app_task -l info

執行 result.py,檢查任務狀態並獲取結果

5.2多任務結構

pro_cel
    ├── celery_task# celery相關文件夾
    │   ├── celery.py   # celery鏈接和配置相關文件,必須叫這個名字
    │   └── tasks1.py    #  全部任務函數
    │   └── tasks2.py    #  全部任務函數
    ├── check_result.py # 檢查結果
    └── send_task.py    # 觸發任務

celery.py

from celery import Celery

cel = Celery('celery_demo',
             broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1',
             backend='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2',
             # 包含如下兩個任務文件,去相應的py文件中找任務,對多個任務作分類
             include=['celery_task.tasks1',
                      'celery_task.tasks2'
                      ])

# 時區
cel.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
# 是否使用UTC
cel.conf.enable_utc = False

tasks1.py

import time
from celery_task.celery import cel

@cel.task
def test_celery(res):
    time.sleep(5)
    return "test_celery任務結果:%s"%res

tasks2.py

import time
from celery_task.celery import cel
@cel.task
def test_celery2(res):
    time.sleep(5)
    return "test_celery2任務結果:%s"%res

check_result.py

from celery.result import AsyncResult
from celery_task.celery import cel

async = AsyncResult(id="08eb2778-24e1-44e4-a54b-56990b3519ef", app=cel)

if async.successful():
    result = async.get()
    print(result)
    # result.forget() # 將結果刪除,執行完成,結果不會自動刪除
    # async.revoke(terminate=True)  # 不管如今是何時,都要終止
    # async.revoke(terminate=False) # 若是任務尚未開始執行呢,那麼就能夠終止。
elif async.failed():
    print('執行失敗')
elif async.status == 'PENDING':
    print('任務等待中被執行')
elif async.status == 'RETRY':
    print('任務異常後正在重試')
elif async.status == 'STARTED':
    print('任務已經開始被執行')

send_task.py

from celery_task.tasks1 import test_celery
from celery_task.tasks2 import test_celery2

# 當即告知celery去執行test_celery任務,並傳入一個參數
result = test_celery.delay('第一個的執行')
print(result.id)
result = test_celery2.delay('第二個的執行')
print(result.id)

添加任務(執行send_task.py),開啓work:celery worker -A celery_task -l info -P eventlet,檢查任務執行結果(執行check_result.py)

6.Celery執行定時任務

6.1設定時間讓celery執行一個任務

add_task.py

from celery_app_task import add
from datetime import datetime

# 方式一
# v1 = datetime(2019, 2, 13, 18, 19, 56)
# print(v1)
# v2 = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(v1.timestamp())
# print(v2)
# result = add.apply_async(args=[1, 3], eta=v2)
# print(result.id)

# 方式二
ctime = datetime.now()
# 默認用utc時間
utc_ctime = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ctime.timestamp())
from datetime import timedelta
time_delay = timedelta(seconds=10) # 10秒
task_time = utc_ctime + time_delay # utc時間 + 延時時間10秒

# 使用apply_async並設定時間
result = add.apply_async(args=[4, 3], eta=task_time)
print(result.id)

(2)相似於contab的定時任務

多任務結構中celery.py修改以下

from datetime import timedelta
from celery import Celery
from celery.schedules import crontab

cel = Celery('tasks', broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1', backend='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2', include=[
    'celery_task.tasks1',
    'celery_task.tasks2',
])
cel.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
cel.conf.enable_utc = False

cel.conf.beat_schedule = {
    # 名字隨意命名
    'add-every-10-seconds': {
        # 執行tasks1下的test_celery函數
        'task': 'celery_task.tasks1.test_celery',
        # 每隔2秒執行一次
        # 'schedule': 1.0,
        # 'schedule': crontab(minute="*/1"),
        'schedule': timedelta(seconds=2),
        # 傳遞參數
        'args': ('test',)
    },
    # 'add-every-12-seconds': {
    #     'task': 'celery_task.tasks1.test_celery',
    #     每一年4月11號,8點42分執行
    #     'schedule': crontab(minute=42, hour=8, day_of_month=11, month_of_year=4),
    #     'schedule': crontab(minute=42, hour=8, day_of_month=11, month_of_year=4),
    #     'args': (16, 16)
    # },
}

啓動一個beat:celery beat -A celery_task -l info

啓動work執行:celery worker -A celery_task -l info -P eventlet

7.Django中使用Celery

安裝包

celery==3.1.25
django-celery==3.1.20

7.1在項目目錄下建立celeryconfig.py

import djcelery
djcelery.setup_loader()
CELERY_IMPORTS=(
    'app01.tasks',
)
#有些狀況能夠防止死鎖
CELERYD_FORCE_EXECV=True
# 設置併發worker數量
CELERYD_CONCURRENCY=4
#容許重試
CELERY_ACKS_LATE=True
# 每一個worker最多執行100個任務被銷燬,能夠防止內存泄漏
CELERYD_MAX_TASKS_PER_CHILD=100
# 超時時間
CELERYD_TASK_TIME_LIMIT=12*30

在app01目錄下建立tasks.py

from celery import task
@task
def add(a,b):
    with open('a.text', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write('a')
    print(a+b)

視圖函數views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from app01.tasks import add
from datetime import datetime
def test(request):
    # result=add.delay(2,3)
    ctime = datetime.now()
    # 默認用utc時間
    utc_ctime = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ctime.timestamp())
    from datetime import timedelta
    time_delay = timedelta(seconds=5)
    task_time = utc_ctime + time_delay
    result = add.apply_async(args=[4, 3], eta=task_time)
    print(result.id)
    return HttpResponse('ok')

settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'djcelery',
    'app01'
]

...

from djagocele import celeryconfig
BROKER_BACKEND='redis'
BOOKER_URL='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1'
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2'

參考:https://home.cnblogs.com/u/liuqingzheng/

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