Android測試工具 UIAutomator入門與介紹

  UI Automator 測試工具定義以及用途

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        UI Automator 測試框架提供了一組 API，用於構建在用戶應用和系統應用上執行交互的界面測試。經過 UI Automator API，您能夠執行在測試設備中打開「設置」菜單或應用啓動器等操做。UI Automator 測試框架很是適合編寫黑盒式自動化測試，此類測試的測試代碼不依賴於目標應用的內部實現細節。

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        優勢：能夠對全部的操做來進行自動化，操做簡單（eg:點擊事件 ，側滑事件，上拉事件，以及模擬鍵盤輸入測試用例）。能夠測試全部設備的程序。

        缺點：必需要Android4.0以上才能使用。

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UI Automator 的執行呢，須要咱們編寫完畢打成jar包，直接上傳到/data/local/tmp/ 目錄下面，而後用adb 命令執行便可。因爲是安卓原生的，比較穩定，運行的速度也比較快。

        咱們下載了安卓的環境變量後，而後下載任意大於4.0的安卓版本sdk便可。

 

 

都會有這個jar包，咱們在寫代碼，建立工程的時候，直接引入便可。

如何獲取定位呢，咱們能夠uiautomatorviewer。

 

 

    

UI Automator 測試框架的主要功能包括：

        用於檢查佈局層次結構的查看器。

        用於檢索狀態信息並在目標設備上執行操做的 API。

        支持跨應用界面測試的 API。

UI Automator 測試框架提供了一個 UiDevice 類，用於在運行目標應用的設備上訪問和執行操做。您能夠調用其方法以訪問設備屬性，如當前屏幕方向或顯示屏尺寸。UiDevice 類還可用於執行如下操做：

        改變設備的旋轉。

        按硬件鍵，如「音量調高按鈕」。

        按返回、主屏幕或菜單按鈕。

        打開通知欄。

        截取當前窗口的屏幕截圖。

UI Automator API

經過 UI Automator API，您能夠編寫可靠的測試，而無需瞭解目標應用的實現細節。您可使用這些 API 在多個應用間捕獲和操縱界面組件：

        UiCollection：枚舉容器的界面元素，目的是爲了計數，或者按可見文本或內容說明屬性來定位子元素。

 

        UiObject：表示設備上可見的界面元素。

        UiScrollable：支持搜索可滾動界面容器中的項目。

        UiSelector：表示對設備上的一個或多個目標界面元素的查詢。

        Configurator：可以讓您設置用於運行 UI Automator 測試的關鍵參數。

官方文檔

https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/package-summary

官方文檔有着詳細的介紹

 

 

正常的咱們加入後，在後能夠看到，有什麼類，方式是什麼，裏面有什麼api。

       咱們能夠在引入後查看。

 

 

 

 

下面列舉幾個類的方法

   

    UiDevice

void    clearLastTraversedText()
// 清除上次UI遍歷的事件

boolean click(int x, int y)
// 根據座標點擊

boolean drag(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps)
// 拖動

void    dumpWindowHierarchy(File dest)
// dump當前的層次化結構到文件中

void    dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream out)
// dump當前的層次化結構到流中

void    dumpWindowHierarchy(String fileName)
// dump當前的層次化結構到文件中

UiObject2   findObject(BySelector selector)
// 根據BySelector查找

UiObject    findObject(UiSelector selector)
// 根據UiSelector 查找

List<UiObject2> findObjects(BySelector selector)
// 根據BySelector查找

void    freezeRotation()
// 凍結旋轉的狀態

String  getCurrentActivityName()
// 獲取當前Activity的名字，已經被廢棄

String  getCurrentPackageName()
// 獲取當前package

int getDisplayHeight()
// Gets the height of the display, in pixels.

int getDisplayRotation()
// Returns the current rotation of the display, as defined in Surface

Point   getDisplaySizeDp()
// Returns the display size in dp (device-independent pixel) The returned display size is adjusted per screen rotation.

int getDisplayWidth()
// Gets the width of the display, in pixels.

static UiDevice getInstance()
// 獲取一個對象

static UiDevice getInstance(Instrumentation instrumentation)
// Retrieves a singleton instance of UiDevice

String  getLastTraversedText()
// 獲取上一次遍歷的文本

String  getLauncherPackageName()
// 獲取運行的packagename

String  getProductName()
// Retrieves the product name of the device.

boolean hasAnyWatcherTriggered()

// 檢查是否有觸發器觸發

boolean hasObject(BySelector selector)
// 是否有符合的條件的

boolean hasWatcherTriggered(String watcherName)
// Checks if a specific registered UiWatcher has triggered.

boolean isNaturalOrientation()
// Check if the device is in its natural orientation.

boolean isScreenOn()
// Checks the power manager if the screen is ON.

boolean openNotification()
// Opens the notification shade.
// 打開通知

boolean openQuickSettings()
// 打開設置

<R> R   performActionAndWait(Runnable action, EventCondition<R> condition, long timeout)
// Performs the provided action and waits for the condition to be met.

boolean pressBack()
// Simulates a short press on the BACK button.

boolean pressDPadCenter()
// Simulates a short press on the CENTER button.

boolean pressDPadDown()
// Simulates a short press on the DOWN button.

boolean pressDPadLeft()
// Simulates a short press on the LEFT button.

boolean pressDPadRight()
// Simulates a short press on the RIGHT button.

boolean pressDPadUp()
// Simulates a short press on the UP button.

boolean pressDelete()
// Simulates a short press on the DELETE key.

boolean pressEnter()
// Simulates a short press on the ENTER key.

boolean pressHome()
// Simulates a short press on the HOME button.

boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode)
// Simulates a short press using a key code.

boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode, int metaState)
// Simulates a short press using a key code.

boolean pressMenu()
// Simulates a short press on the MENU button.

boolean pressRecentApps()
// Simulates a short press on the Recent Apps button.

boolean pressSearch()
// Simulates a short press on the SEARCH button.

void    registerWatcher(String name, UiWatcher watcher)
// Registers a UiWatcher to run automatically when the testing framework is unable to find a match using a UiSelector.

void    removeWatcher(String name)
// Removes a previously registered UiWatcher.

void    resetWatcherTriggers()
// Resets a UiWatcher that has been triggered.

void    runWatchers()
// This method forces all registered watchers to run.

void    setCompressedLayoutHeirarchy(boolean compressed)
// Enables or disables layout hierarchy compression.

void    setOrientationLeft()
// 設置旋轉方向

void    setOrientationNatural()
// Simulates orienting the device into its natural orientation and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors.

void    setOrientationRight()
// Simulates orienting the device to the right and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors.

void    sleep()
// 關閉屏幕

boolean swipe(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps)
// Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another using the number of steps to determine smoothness and speed.

boolean swipe(Point[] segments, int segmentSteps)
// Performs a swipe between points in the Point array.

boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath, float scale, int quality)
// 截屏
boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath)
// Take a screenshot of current window and store it as PNG Default scale of 1.0f (original size) and 90% quality is used The screenshot is adjusted per screen rotation

void    unfreezeRotation()
// Re-enables the sensors and un-freezes the device rotation allowing its contents to rotate with the device physical rotation.

<R> R   wait(SearchCondition<R> condition, long timeout)
// Waits for given the condition to be met.

void    waitForIdle(long timeout)
// Waits for the current application to idle.

void    waitForIdle()
// Waits for the current application to idle.

boolean waitForWindowUpdate(String packageName, long timeout)
// Waits for a window content update event to occur.

void    wakeUp()
// 點亮屏幕

　　

UiObject

void    clearTextField()
// 清空輸入接口

boolean click()
// 點擊

boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow()
// 點擊並等待新界面

boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow(long timeout)
// 點擊並等待新界面，設置等待時間

boolean clickBottomRight()
// 點擊右下邊

boolean clickTopLeft()
// Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element

boolean dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps)
// 拖動

boolean dragTo(int destX, int destY, int steps)
// Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates.

boolean exists()
// 判斷是否存在


Rect    getBounds()
// 返回邊界

UiObject    getChild(UiSelector selector)
// 根據條件獲取子元素

int getChildCount()
// 獲取子元素數量

String  getClassName()
// 獲取當前元素的class name

String  getContentDescription()
// Reads the content_desc property of the UI element

UiObject    getFromParent(UiSelector selector)
// Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject.

String  getPackageName()
// Reads the view's package property

final UiSelector    getSelector()
// Debugging helper.

String  getText()
// Reads the text property of the UI element

Rect    getVisibleBounds()
// 獲取可見邊界

boolean isCheckable()
// 是否能夠點擊

boolean isChecked()
// 是否已經選中

boolean isClickable()
// Checks if the UI element's clickable property is currently true.

boolean isEnabled()
// Checks if the UI element's enabled property is currently true.

boolean isFocusable()
// Check if the UI element's focusable property is currently true.

boolean isFocused()
// Check if the UI element's focused property is currently true

boolean isLongClickable()
// Check if the view's long-clickable property is currently true

boolean isScrollable()
// Check if the view's scrollable property is currently true

boolean isSelected()
// Checks if the UI element's selected property is currently true.

boolean longClick()
// 長按

boolean longClickBottomRight()
// Long clicks bottom and right corner of the UI element

boolean longClickTopLeft()
// Long clicks on the top and left corner of the UI element

boolean performMultiPointerGesture(PointerCoords... touches)
// Performs a multi-touch gesture.

boolean performTwoPointerGesture(Point startPoint1, Point startPoint2, Point endPoint1, Point endPoint2, int steps)
// Generates a two-pointer gesture with arbitrary starting and ending points.

boolean pinchIn(int percent, int steps)
// Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally toward the other, from the edges to the center of this UiObject .

boolean pinchOut(int percent, int steps)
// Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally opposite across the other, from the center out towards the edges of the this UiObject.

boolean setText(String text)
// 設置輸入內容

boolean swipeDown(int steps)
// Performs the swipe down action on the UiObject.

boolean swipeLeft(int steps)
// Performs the swipe left action on the UiObject.

boolean swipeRight(int steps)
// Performs the swipe right action on the UiObject.

boolean swipeUp(int steps)
// Performs the swipe up action on the UiObject.

boolean waitForExists(long timeout)
// Waits a specified length of time for a view to become visible.

boolean waitUntilGone(long timeout)
// Waits a specified length of time for a view to become undetectable.

　　

下面給你們展現一個UiAutomator的testcase

package cn.cool;

import com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestCase;

import android.os.RemoteException;

public class Testone extends UiAutomatorTestCase {
   @Override
    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
    }
    public void testCool() throws RemoteException, InterruptedException {
      
    }
    @Override
    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
 
    }

}

　　

而後咱們能夠在實際的項目中，去實現咱們真實的業務的代碼。實現完畢呢，

咱們就能夠用 adb . shell push cool.jar /data/local/tmp/

而後使用

adb shell uiautomator runtest cool.jar -c cn.cool.Testone

就能夠執行了。uiautomator 因爲只能打成jar包，因此它不能直接在編輯器上進行調試。