二進制安裝mariaDB

1.獲取二進制安裝包

獲取二進制格式MariaDB安裝包,可去官網下載.html

由於是實驗環境,因此選擇了最新版.mysql

mariadb-10.2.12-linux-x86_64.tar.gzlinux


2.解壓

解壓到 /usr/local,並給解壓出的文件夾建立軟鏈接sql

]# tar xf mariadb-10.2.12-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
]# cd /usr/local/
]# ln -sv mariadb-10.2.12-linux-x86_64/ mysql
]# ll mysql
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jan 23 10:33 mysql -> mariadb-10.2.12-linux-x86_64/


3.建立賬戶

爲mariaDB建立一個系統用戶,屬主爲root,數組爲mysql數據庫

]# groupadd -r mysql
]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql:x:985:
]# cd mysql

ll查看發現全部文件的屬主屬組都只顯示id號vim

針對軟鏈接,要用下面的方式修改其中的文件屬性centos

]# chown -R root:mysql ./*
]# ll
total 180
drwxrwxr-x. 2 root mysql 4096 Nov 14 22:34 bin
......


4.準備文檔目錄

爲了管理方便,專門指定並建立幾個專用目錄數組

存放數據庫的目錄/mdata/data安全

存放配置文件的目錄/etc/mysqlbash

]# mkdir -pv /mdata/data

修改這個目錄的屬主屬組爲mysql

]# useradd -r mysql -g mysql -s /bin/nologin
]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mdata
]# mkdir /etc/mysql


5.配置文件

mariaDB的主配置文件是/etc/my.cnf.其中include包含了/etc/my.cnf.d這個目錄

]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

support-files/目錄下有5個針對不一樣系統內存設置的配置文件模板

]# ls /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-*
my-huge.cnf my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-large.cnf my-medium.cnf my-small.cnf

其中

my-small.cnf適用於內存只有64M;

my-medium.cnf適用於內存只有256M;

my-large.cnf適用於內存只有512M;

my-huge.cnf適用於更大內存,如2G、4G;

my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf適用於4G內存;


實驗用主機有2g內存,因此使用my-huge.cnf

把my-huge.cnf複製到自定義配置文件目錄下並重命名爲my.cnf,並在[mysqld]代碼塊中添加內容

]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
datadir = /mdata/data #指定數據庫目錄
skip_name_resolve = ON #忽略反解主機名
innodb_file_per_table = ON #開啓獨立表空間,默認是全部數據庫放在同一個文件中,ON的話會把每一個數據庫單獨放一個文件


6.建立數據庫文件

必須在/usr/local/mysql目錄下操做,不然會報錯

]# cd /usr/local/mysql
]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mdata/data --user=mysql
 

7.建立日誌文件

]# touch /var/log/mysqld.log
]# chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysqld.log 


8.準備服務腳本,啓動服務

先經過support-files/mysql.server 啓動mysql

./support-files/mysql.server start

成功後,經過ps命令查看

]# ps -ef|grep mysql

找到--pid-file=/mdata/data/centos7.qt.pid字樣 記住pid路徑和名稱/mdata/data/centos7.qt.pid

在/usr/lib/systemd/system目錄下增新建mysql.service,內容以下

]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service
[Unit]
Description=Mysql
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/mdata/data/centos7.qt.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=false
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
PIDFile=/mdata/data/centos7.qt.pid  #就是跟上上面記錄的內容


執行從新掃描,加載有變化的單元,使服務生效,以後即可以經過systemctl操做

]# systemctl daemon-reload
]# systemctl start mysql


9.進行安全初始化設置

運行腳本

]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation


10.設置環境變量

]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh


11.啓動mysql

]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 19
Server version: 10.2.12-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> 
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