0015-如何使用Sentry管理Hive外部表權限

時間 2019-11-06

標籤如何使用 sentry 管理 hive 外部權限欄目 Hadoop 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1.文檔編寫目的html

本文檔主要講述如何使用Sentry對Hive外部表權限管理，並基於如下假設：node

1.操做系統版本：RedHat6.5shell

2.CM版本：CM 5.11.1oop

3.集羣已啓用Kerberos和Sentry測試

4.採用具備sudo權限的ec2-user用戶進行操做ui

2.前置準備操作系統

2.1建立外部表數據父目錄命令行

1.使用hive用戶登陸Kerberos3d

[root@ip-172-31-8-141 1874-hive-HIVESERVER2]# kinit -kt hive.keytab hive/ip-172-31-8-141.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@CLOUDERA.COM
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 1874-hive-HIVESERVER2]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: hive/ip-172-31-8-141.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@CLOUDERA.COM

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/01/17 11:10:54  09/02/17 11:10:54  krbtgt/CLOUDERA.COM@CLOUDERA.COM
        renew until 09/06/17 11:10:54
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 1874-hive-HIVESERVER2]#

2.建立HDFS目錄code

使用以下命令在HDFS的根目錄下建立Hive外部表的數據目錄/extwarehouse

[root@ip-172-31-8-141 ec2-user]# hadoop fs -mkdir /extwarehouse
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 ec2-user]# hadoop fs -ls /
drwxr-xr-x   - hive   supergroup          0 2017-09-01 11:27 /extwarehouse
drwxrwxrwx   - user_r supergroup          0 2017-08-23 03:23 /fayson
drwx------   - hbase  hbase               0 2017-09-01 02:59 /hbase
drwxrwxrwt   - hdfs   supergroup          0 2017-08-31 06:18 /tmp
drwxrwxrwx   - hdfs   supergroup          0 2017-08-30 03:48 /user
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 ec2-user]# hadoop fs -chown hive:hive /extwarehouse
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 ec2-user]# hadoop fs -chmod 771 /extwarehouse
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 ec2-user]# hadoop fs -ls /
drwxrwx--x   - hive   hive                0 2017-09-01 11:27 /extwarehouse
drwxrwxrwx   - user_r supergroup          0 2017-08-23 03:23 /fayson
drwx------   - hbase  hbase               0 2017-09-01 02:59 /hbase
drwxrwxrwt   - hdfs   supergroup          0 2017-08-31 06:18 /tmp
drwxrwxrwx   - hdfs   supergroup          0 2017-08-30 03:48 /user
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 ec2-user]#

2.2配置外部表數據父目錄的ACL同步

1.確保HDFS已開啓sentry並啓用ACL同步

2.配置sentry同步路徑（2.1建立的Hive外部表數據目錄）

3.配置完成，重啓服務。

3.建立Hive外部表

1.使用beeline命令行鏈接hive，建立Hive外部表

建表語句：

create external table if not exists student(
        name string,
        age int,
        addr string
)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
LOCATION '/extwarehouse/student';

終端操做：

[root@ip-172-31-8-141 1874-hive-HIVESERVER2]# beeline 
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.11.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-8-141.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@CLOUDERA.COM
...
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> create external table if not exists student(
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >         name string,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >         age int,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >         addr string
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > )
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > LOCATION '/extwarehouse/student';
...
INFO  : OK
No rows affected (0.236 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

2.向student表中load數據

準備測試數據

[root@ip-172-31-8-141 student]# pwd
/home/ec2-user/student
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 student]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39 Sep  1 11:37 student.txt
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 student]# cat student.txt 
zhangsan,18,guangzhou
lisi,20,shenzhen
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 student]#

將student.txt文件put到hdfs的/tmp/student目錄

[root@ip-172-31-8-141 student]# hadoop fs -mkdir /tmp/student
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 student]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 hive hive 39 Sep  1 11:37 student.txt
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 student]# hadoop fs -put student.txt /tmp/student
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 student]# hadoop fs -ls /tmp/student
Found 1 items
-rw-r--r--   3 hive supergroup         39 2017-09-01 11:57 /tmp/stu
dent/student.txt
[root@ip-172-31-8-141 student]#

在beeline命令行下，將數據load到student表

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> load data inpath '/tmp/student' into table student;
...
INFO  : Table default.student stats: [numFiles=1, totalSize=39]
INFO  : Completed executing command(queryId=hive_20170901115858_5a76aa76-1b24-40ce-8254-42991856c05b); Time taken: 0.263 seconds
INFO  : OK
No rows affected (0.41 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

執行完load命令後，查看錶數據

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from student;
...
INFO  : OK
+---------------+--------------+---------------+--+
| student.name  | student.age  | student.addr  |
+---------------+--------------+---------------+--+
| zhangsan      | 18           | guangzhou     |
| lisi          | 20           | shenzhen      |
+---------------+--------------+---------------+--+
2 rows selected (0.288 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

4.使用fayson用戶在beeline和impala-shell查看

使用fayson用戶的principal初始化Kerberors的票據

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 cdh-shell-master]$ kinit fayson
Password for fayson@CLOUDERA.COM: 
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 cdh-shell-master]$ klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_500
Default principal: fayson@CLOUDERA.COM

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/01/17 12:27:39  09/02/17 12:27:39  krbtgt/CLOUDERA.COM@CLOUDERA.COM
        renew until 09/08/17 12:27:39
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 cdh-shell-master]$

4.1訪問hdfs目錄

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /extwarehouse/student
ls: Permission denied: user=fayson, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/extwarehouse/student":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 ~]$

4.2beeline命令行查看

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 ~]$ beeline 
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.11.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-8-141.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@CLOUDERA.COM
...
INFO  : OK
+-----------+--+
| tab_name  |
+-----------+--+
+-----------+--+
No rows selected (0.295 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from student;
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
 User fayson does not have privileges for QUERY
 The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=student->Column=addr->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

4.3impala-shell命令行查看

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 cdh-shell-master]$ impala-shell 
...
[Not connected] > connect ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000;
Connected to ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000
Server version: impalad version 2.8.0-cdh5.11.1 RELEASE (build 3382c1c488dff12d5ca8d049d2b59babee605b4e)
[ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000] > show tables;
Query: show tables
ERROR: AuthorizationException: User 'fayson@CLOUDERA.COM' does not have privileges to access: default.*

[ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000] > select * from student;
Query: select * from student
Query submitted at: 2017-09-01 12:33:06 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:25000)
ERROR: AuthorizationException: User 'fayson@CLOUDERA.COM' does not have privileges to execute 'SELECT' on: default.student

[ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000] >

4.4測試總結

經過hive用戶建立的外部表，未給fayson用戶賦予student表讀權限狀況下，無權限訪問hdfs的(/extwarehouse/student)數據目錄，在beeline和impala-shell命令行下，fayson用戶均無權限查詢student表數據。

5.爲fayson用戶賦予student表讀權限

注：如下操做均在hive管理員用戶下操做

1.建立student_read角色

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> create role student_read;
...
INFO  : Executing command(queryId=hive_20170901124848_927878ba-0217-4a32-a508-bf29fed67be8): create role student_read
...
INFO  : OK
No rows affected (0.104 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

2.將student表的查詢權限受權給student_read角色

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> grant select on table student to role student_read;
...
INFO  : Executing command(queryId=hive_20170901125252_8702d99d-d8eb-424e-929d-5df352828e2c): grant select on table student to role student_read
...
INFO  : OK
No rows affected (0.111 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

3.將student_read角色受權給fayson用戶組

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> grant role student_read to group fayson;
...
INFO  : Executing command(queryId=hive_20170901125454_5f27a87e-2f63-46d9-9cce-6f346a0c415c): grant role student_read to group fayson
...
INFO  : OK
No rows affected (0.122 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

6.再次測試

使用fayson用戶登陸Kerberos

6.1訪問HDFS目錄

訪問student數據所在hdfs目錄/extwarehouse/student

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /extwarehouse/student
Found 1 items
-rwxrwx--x+  3 hive hive         39 2017-09-01 14:42 /extwarehouse/student/student.txt
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 ~]$

6.2beeline查詢student表

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 ~]$ klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_500
Default principal: fayson@CLOUDERA.COM

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/01/17 12:58:59  09/02/17 12:58:59  krbtgt/CLOUDERA.COM@CLOUDERA.COM
        renew until 09/08/17 12:58:59
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 ~]$ 
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 ~]$ beeline 
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.11.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-8-141.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@CLOUDERA.COM
...
INFO  : OK
+-----------+--+
| tab_name  |
+-----------+--+
| student   |
+-----------+--+
1 row selected (0.294 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from student;
...
INFO  : OK
+---------------+--------------+---------------+--+
| student.name  | student.age  | student.addr  |
+---------------+--------------+---------------+--+
| zhangsan      | 18           | guangzhou     |
| lisi          | 20           | shenzhen      |
+---------------+--------------+---------------+--+
2 rows selected (0.241 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

6.3impala-shell查詢student表

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 cdh-shell-master]$ klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_500
Default principal: fayson@CLOUDERA.COM

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/01/17 12:58:59  09/02/17 12:58:59  krbtgt/CLOUDERA.COM@CLOUDERA.COM
        renew until 09/08/17 12:58:59
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-8-141 cdh-shell-master]$ impala-shell 
...
[Not connected] > connect ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000;
Connected to ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000
Server version: impalad version 2.8.0-cdh5.11.1 RELEASE (build 3382c1c488dff12d5ca8d049d2b59babee605b4e)
[ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000] > show tables;
Query: show tables
+---------+
| name    |
+---------+
| student |
+---------+
Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.02s
[ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000] > select * from student;
...
+----------+-----+-----------+
| name     | age | addr      |
+----------+-----+-----------+
| zhangsan | 18  | guangzhou |
| lisi     | 20  | shenzhen  |
+----------+-----+-----------+
Fetched 2 row(s) in 0.13s
[ip-172-31-10-156.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal:21000] >

6.4測試總結

經過hive用戶建立的外部表，給fayson用戶賦予student表讀權限後，可正常訪問hdfs的(/extwarehouse/student)數據目錄，在beeline和impala-shell命令行下，fayson用戶都可查詢student表數據。

7.Sentry管理Hive外部表權限總結

開啓外部表的數據父目錄ACL同步後，不須要單獨的維護外部表數據目錄權限。

參考文檔：

https://www.cloudera.com/documentation/enterprise/latest/topics/sg_hdfs_sentry_sync.html