Spring IOC容器 源碼解析系列,建議你們按順序閱讀,歡迎討論java
(spring源碼均爲4.1.6.RELEASE版本)spring
在上一篇咱們分析了Spring IOC的核心部分——bean的建立和組裝,最後留下了FactoryBean的處理並未講解,是由於我以爲應當單獨用一篇來詳細介紹,也所以足見它的重要性。在Spring的文檔中是這樣定義FactoryBean的:express
The FactoryBean interface is a point of pluggability into the Spring IoC container’s instantiation logic. If you have complex initialization code that is better expressed in Java as opposed to a (potentially) verbose amount of XML, you can create your own FactoryBean, write the complex initialization inside that class, and then plug your custom FactoryBean into the container.編程
翻譯過來就是設計模式
FactoryBean接口是Spring IOC容器的實例化邏輯的可插拔點。若是有複雜的bean初始化,相對於冗長的xml方式,指望經過java編程的方式來表達,就能夠經過建立自定義的FactoryBean來實現並將FactoryBean插入到IOC容器中。緩存
上面的解釋可能有些抽象,簡單地說,FactoryBean就是能夠建立Bean對象的工廠Bean。在Spring中,經過FactoryBean來擴展的遍地都是:AOP,ORM,事務管理,JMX,Remoting,Freemarker,Velocity等等。下面咱們就來分析下FactoryBean的原理。ide
#1.FactoryBean的定義#工具
FactoryBean接口只有三個方法post
getObject()學習
getObjectType()
isSingleton()
public interface FactoryBean<T> { //返回工廠建立的bean對象實例,能夠是單例的也能夠是多例 T getObject() throws Exception; // 返回建立對象的類型 Class<?> getObjectType(); // 建立的對象是否單例 boolean isSingleton(); }
#2.FactoryBean的原理#
如何判斷一個bean是FactoryBean,除了根據對象是否實現了FactoryBean接口,在BeanFactory容器基礎接口中特別定義了FactoryBean的前綴。
public interface BeanFactory { String FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX = "&"; }
給定一個id=mybean
的FactoryBean,getBean("mybean")
獲得的就是這個FactoryBean建立的對象實例,而getBean("&mybean")
獲得的確實FactoryBean自身對象。
在AbstractBeanFactory的doGetBean中,當建立好或獲取到Bean的對象實例後,不管是singleton、prototype或者其餘scope的,都會調用getObjectForBeanInstance方法,這個方法就是處理FactoryBean的入口。
protected Object getObjectForBeanInstance( Object beanInstance, String name, String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) { // 判斷若是請求一個&前綴的beanName,而實例化的對象不是FactoryBean的子類,則拋出BeanIsNotAFactoryException異常 if (BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name) && !(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean)) { throw new BeanIsNotAFactoryException(transformedBeanName(name), beanInstance.getClass()); } // 若是bean實例對象不是FactoryBean的子類,或者請求的beanName以&前綴,則直接返回bean實例對象 if (!(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean) || BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name)) { return beanInstance; } Object object = null; // mbd==null說明FactoryBean實例對象是單例,且從單例緩存中取出,則從緩存中查詢FactoryBean建立的bean實例對象 if (mbd == null) { object = getCachedObjectForFactoryBean(beanName); } if (object == null) { // 強制轉換beanInstance爲FactoryBean FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) beanInstance; // 緩存不存在且mbd==null,則根據beanName得到RootBeanDefinition if (mbd == null && containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) { mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName); } // bean是否爲合成的,合成bean在得到FactoryBean建立好的bean對象實例後,不須要後置處理 boolean synthetic = (mbd != null && mbd.isSynthetic()); // FactoryBean建立bean實例對象 object = getObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, !synthetic); } return object; }
BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name)方法判斷name是否以&前綴
public static boolean isFactoryDereference(String name) { return (name != null && name.startsWith(BeanFactory.FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX)); }
getObjectFromFactoryBean是實際操做的入口。
protected Object getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBean<?> factory, String beanName, boolean shouldPostProcess) { // FactoryBean是單例,且已存在單例對象 if (factory.isSingleton() && containsSingleton(beanName)) { // 以singletonObjects爲鎖,保證建立的對象爲單例 synchronized (getSingletonMutex()) { // 查詢緩存是否存在 Object object = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName); if (object == null) { // 調用FactoryBean的getObject方法獲取bean實例對象 object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName); // 再次查詢緩存是否存在 Object alreadyThere = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName); if (alreadyThere != null) { object = alreadyThere; } else { // 調用FactoryBean後置處理 // 默認直接返回bean if (object != null && shouldPostProcess) { try { object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Post-processing of FactoryBean's singleton object failed", ex); } } // 加入緩存 this.factoryBeanObjectCache.put(beanName, (object != null ? object : NULL_OBJECT)); } } return (object != NULL_OBJECT ? object : null); } } else { // FactoryBean爲多例,直接調用getObject方法獲取bean實例對象 Object object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName); // FactoryBean後置處理 if (object != null && shouldPostProcess) { try { object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Post-processing of FactoryBean's object failed", ex); } } return object; } }
doGetObjectFromFactoryBean方法爲實際獲取FactoryBean建立的bean實例對象的觸發點,核心方法就是調用FactoryBean的getObject方法
private Object doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(final FactoryBean<?> factory, final String beanName) throws BeanCreationException { Object object; try { if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) { AccessControlContext acc = getAccessControlContext(); try { object = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() { [@Override](https://my.oschina.net/u/1162528) public Object run() throws Exception { return factory.getObject(); } }, acc); } catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) { throw pae.getException(); } } else { object = factory.getObject(); } } catch (FactoryBeanNotInitializedException ex) { throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, ex.toString()); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "FactoryBean threw exception on object creation", ex); } // Do not accept a null value for a FactoryBean that's not fully // initialized yet: Many FactoryBeans just return null then. if (object == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException( beanName, "FactoryBean which is currently in creation returned null from getObject"); } return object; }
對於單例的FactoryBean,生產出的bean對象實例也是單例的並有緩存,而多例的也是遵循每請求一次就建立一個新對象。
#3. PropertiesFactoryBean#
看完FactoryBean的原理,咱們來介紹一個簡單的實例。PropertiesFactoryBean是常常使用的spring資源配置文件加載工具,一般使用#{prop.key}來獲取資源文件的屬性值,prop爲PropertiesFactoryBean在spring容器中的name,而key爲資源文件中的key,可是key經常以點號分隔,好比key.name=value這樣的,則能夠經過#{prop['key.name']}這樣的表達式來獲取。來看個具體的例子。
example.properties文件中定義了key爲example.factorybean的一個配置
example.factorybean=PropertiesFactoryBean
PropertiesBean.java須要注入配置文件中的配置到propertiesValue屬性中,並將propertiesValue的值打印出來。
package com.lntea.spring.demo.bean; public class PropertiesBean { private String propertiesValue; public void print(){ System.out.println("propertiesValue:"+propertiesValue); } public String getPropertiesValue() { return propertiesValue; } public void setPropertiesValue(String propertiesValue) { this.propertiesValue = propertiesValue; } }
properties.xml定義了PropertiesFactoryBean,設置name爲prop,並對locations屬性賦值classpath下的example.properties資源。另外定義了上面的PropertiesBean,指定propertiesValue屬性的值爲#{prop['example.factorybean']}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="prop" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean"> <property name="locations"> <value>classpath:example.properties</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="propertiesBean" class="com.lntea.spring.demo.bean.PropertiesBean"> <property name="propertiesValue" value="#{prop['example.factorybean']}"></property> </bean> </beans>
來下個測試
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("properties.xml"); PropertiesBean propertiesBean = context.getBean("propertiesBean",PropertiesBean.class); propertiesBean.print();
執行結果拿到了example.factorybean對應的值「PropertiesFactoryBean」。看過以前spring的xml文件解析的可能會問,property標籤裏的value屬性解析出來就是String對象啊,怎麼會轉換成資源文件裏的值呢。
這裏簡要介紹一下,ApplicationContext建立時會默認注入一個spring表達式的解析類,叫StandardBeanExpressionResolver,負責解析#{}這樣的表達式。當拿到value屬性中的#{prop['example.factorybean']},解析類識別出#{}的表達式,而後再從spring容器中查找name=prop的bean對象,由於咱們在properties.xml中配置過PropertiesFactoryBean的id=prop,所以就會經過getBean加載,而PropertiesFactoryBean是FactoryBean的子類,最後就經過 getObejct方法獲取真正的bean實例對象。返回的bean實力對象是一個Properties對象,再從中查詢example.factorybean的key對應的值,獲得最終的結果。關於spring表達式的解析這裏就略過,咱們主要來看下PropertiesFactoryBean的源碼。
public class PropertiesFactoryBean extends PropertiesLoaderSupport implements FactoryBean<Properties>, InitializingBean { private boolean singleton = true; private Properties singletonInstance; // 設置是否單例 public final void setSingleton(boolean singleton) { this.singleton = singleton; } [@Override](https://my.oschina.net/u/1162528) publ ic final boolean isSingleton() { return this.singleton; } // 實現InitializingBean接口,初始化時調用 // 讀取配置文件加載到Properties對象中 [@Override](https://my.oschina.net/u/1162528) public final void afterPropertiesSet() throws IOException { if (this.singleton) { this.singletonInstance = createProperties(); } } // 返回加載完的Properties對象 [@Override](https://my.oschina.net/u/1162528) public final Properties getObject() throws IOException { if (this.singleton) { return this.singletonInstance; } else { return createProperties(); } } [@Override](https://my.oschina.net/u/1162528) public Class<Properties> getObjectType() { return Properties.class; } // 資源文件加載方法 protected Properties createProperties() throws IOException { return mergeProperties(); } }
PropertiesFactoryBean實現了InitializingBean接口的afterPropertiesSet方法,在bean初始化時調用createProperties方法加載資源文件。而實際調用的mergeProperties在父類PropertiesLoaderSupport中實現。
protected Properties mergeProperties() throws IOException { Properties result = new Properties(); if (this.localOverride) { // Load properties from file upfront, to let local properties override. loadProperties(result); } if (this.localProperties != null) { for (Properties localProp : this.localProperties) { CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(localProp, result); } } if (!this.localOverride) { // Load properties from file afterwards, to let those properties override. loadProperties(result); } return result; } protected void loadProperties(Properties props) throws IOException { if (this.locations != null) { for (Resource location : this.locations) { if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Loading properties file from " + location); } try { PropertiesLoaderUtils.fillProperties( props, new EncodedResource(location, this.fileEncoding), this.propertiesPersister); } catch (IOException ex) { if (this.ignoreResourceNotFound) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Could not load properties from " + location + ": " + ex.getMessage()); } } else { throw ex; } } } } }
最後經過PropertiesLoaderUtils.fillProperties方法讀取配置文件的輸入流加載到Properties對象中。
經過源碼看起來PropertiesFactoryBean的實現比較簡單,首先實現InitializingBean接口,再bean初始化時加載資源,當調用FactoryBean的getObject方法時將加載完的Properties對象返回。**其實大部分的FactoryBean的子類都是經過此種方式來完成和spring的對接,先是在初始化時處理準備工做,而後在getObject調用時返回真正的bean實例對象。**而FactoryBean做爲Spring的重要擴展之一,其實現方式如此簡單,真的值得好好學習。
#4.工廠方法模式#
上面咱們聊了FactoryBean的原理和實現,最後來看下它的設計模式。工廠方法模式其實很是常見,應用者衆多,由於其很好理解且很是使用。先來看下FactoryBean的UML圖 。
FactoryBean是工廠的接口,接口中的getObject方法返回的產品默認是一個Object。PropertiesFactoryBean是工廠的一個實現,生產出來的是Object的子類Properties。對於不一樣的工廠實現,生產出來的產品也是不一樣的。好比JndiObjectFactoryBean返回的是JNDI對象,RmiProxyFactoryBean返回的是RMI對象。
工廠方法模式,在編寫代碼時並不清楚要建立的對象是什麼,於是只定義接口及通用方法,把具體的實現交給子類來處理,由於不一樣的子類所建立的對象並不一致。
這一章中咱們重點討論了FactoryBean,由於它是spring容器的重要擴展之一,而另外一重要的擴展方式則是BeanPostProcessor,接下來咱們就來分析下BeanPostProcessor和bean的初始化。