Nginx負載均衡器的優勢:php
實現看彈性化操做的架構,壓力增大的時候能夠臨時添加後端Web服務器;css
upstream具備負載均衡能力(默認使用輪詢),能夠自動判斷下面的機器,而且自動踢出不能正常提供服務的機器;html
Keepalvied加Nginx監測腳本可保證單個nginx負載均衡器的有效性,避免單點故障nginx
系統c++
兩臺Nginx:vim
CentOS6.7 x86_64後端
兩臺Web:bash
Ubuntu15.04 desktop服務器
拓撲架構
IP地址
nginx(主LB):192.168.15.132
nginx(備LB):192.168.15.133
VIP地址:192.168.15.135
Real1的IP:192.168.15.128
Real2的IP:192.168.15.130
部署整個環境用到的軟件爲:
nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
prce-8.38.tar.gz
zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
①2臺Web主機(Ubuntu)上部署Nginx+PHP-FPM+MySQL,此處省略。
②分別在二臺Nginx負載均衡器上安裝Nginx,配置
安裝GCC編譯器等工具:
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake libtool make openssl openssl-devel
安裝Nginx:
wget http://exim.mirror.fr/pcre/pcre-8.38.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pcre-8.38.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.38
./configure
make && make install
wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.8
./configure
make && make install
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.6.3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
make && make install
注:查詢"./configure --help"相關模塊,按需求指定啓用
Nginx.conf配置文件,二個nginx負載均衡器的文件同樣
user www-data www-data; worker_processes 1; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log notice; pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; server_tokens off; keepalive_timeout 60; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; upstream backend { server 192.168.15.128; server 192.168.15.130; } server { listen 80; server_name 192.168.15.135; if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$ ) { return 444; } location / { root html; index index.php index.html index.htm; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #後端的Web服務器能夠經過X-Forwarded-For獲取用戶真實IP proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://backend; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location /nginx_status { stub_status on; auth_basic "NginxStatus"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/htpasswd; #allow 127.0.0.1; #deny all; } location ~* \.(ini|docx|txt|doc|pdf)$ { #禁止訪問文檔性文件 root /usr/share/nginx/html; deny all; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|js|html|htm|css)$ { root /home/image; proxy_store on; proxy_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw; proxy_temp_path /home/image; if ( !-e $request_filename) { proxy_pass http://backend; } } } }
③在二臺Nginx上安裝及配置keepalived:
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.15
./configure --sysconf=/etc/ --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /sbin/
#這一步很重要,不執行ln -s會報錯「Starting keepalived: /bin/bash: keepalived: command not found」
service keepalived start
二臺Nginx上keepalived.conf配置文件以下,配置完成後分別service keepalived start啓動。檢驗keepalived配置是否成功
主:
global_defs { notification_email { test@163.com } notification_email_from keepalived@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_MASTER } vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/usr/local/src/check_nginx_pid.sh" interval 2 #(檢測腳本執行的間隔) weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { #state MASTER state BACKUP nopreempt #設置非搶佔模式時,需修改「state MASTER」爲「state BACKUP」,添加「nopreempt「 interface bond0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_http_port #(調用檢測腳本) } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.15.135/24 broadcast 192.168.15.255 dev bond0 label bond0:1 } }
備:
global_defs { notification_email { test@163.com } notification_email_from keepalived@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_BACKUP } vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/usr/local/src/check_nginx_pid.sh" interval 2 #(檢測腳本執行的間隔) weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface bond0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 66 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_http_port #(調用檢測腳本) } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.15.135/24 broadcast 192.168.15.255 dev bond0 label bond0:1 } }
如下是針對nginx狀態進行檢測的腳本,第一次nginx服務死掉時,會從新啓動,若是Nginx服務沒法正常啓動,則殺掉keepalived進程
vim /usr/local/src/check_nginx_pid.sh
#!/bin/bash A=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` if [ $A -eq 0 ];then /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then killall keepalived fi fi
Ok,開始nginx負載均衡測試,停掉其中一臺的任何服務,不影響整個系統的運做。
注:兩臺LBServer也可分別添加一個VIP①②(Keepalived心跳監控,服務不可用或者宕機,VIP①被備LBServer接管),外部使用智能DNS輪詢兩個VIP①②,提升硬件資源利用率。