Nginx負載均衡(主備)+Keepalived

Nginx負載均衡器的優勢:php

實現看彈性化操做的架構,壓力增大的時候能夠臨時添加後端Web服務器;css

upstream具備負載均衡能力(默認使用輪詢),能夠自動判斷下面的機器,而且自動踢出不能正常提供服務的機器;html

Keepalvied加Nginx監測腳本可保證單個nginx負載均衡器的有效性,避免單點故障nginx

系統c++

 

兩臺Nginx:vim

CentOS6.7 x86_64後端

兩臺Web:bash

Ubuntu15.04 desktop服務器

拓撲架構

IP地址

nginx(主LB):192.168.15.132

nginx(備LB):192.168.15.133

VIP地址:192.168.15.135

Real1IP:192.168.15.128

Real2的IP:192.168.15.130

部署整個環境用到的軟件爲:

nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz  
prce-8.38.tar.gz 

zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

2Web主機(Ubuntu)上部署Nginx+PHP-FPM+MySQL,此處省略。

分別在二臺Nginx負載均衡器上安裝Nginx,配置

 

安裝GCC編譯器等工具:

 

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake libtool make openssl openssl-devel

安裝Nginx:

wget http://exim.mirror.fr/pcre/pcre-8.38.tar.gz

tar -zxvf pcre-8.38.tar.gz

cd pcre-8.38

./configure

make && make install

wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

cd zlib-1.2.8

./configure

make && make install

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz 
cd nginx-1.6.3/  

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 

--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid \

--with-http_ssl_module \

--with-http_stub_status_module \

--with-http_gzip_static_module \ 

make && make install 

注:查詢"./configure --help"相關模塊,按需求指定啓用

Nginx.conf配置文件二個nginx負載均衡器的文件同樣

user  www-data www-data;
worker_processes  1;
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log notice;
pid        /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  51200;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
    client_max_body_size 8m;
    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    server_tokens off;
    keepalive_timeout  60;
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
    gzip  on;
    upstream backend
    {
    server 192.168.15.128;
    server 192.168.15.130;
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  192.168.15.135;

        if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$ ) {
         return 444;
        }

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.php index.html index.htm;
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            #後端的Web服務器能夠經過X-Forwarded-For獲取用戶真實IP
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://backend;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        
        location /nginx_status {
            stub_status on; 
            auth_basic "NginxStatus";
            auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/htpasswd;
            #allow 127.0.0.1;
            #deny all;
        }
        location ~* \.(ini|docx|txt|doc|pdf)$ {
        #禁止訪問文檔性文件
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        deny all;
        }
        location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|js|html|htm|css)$ {
        root /home/image;
        proxy_store on;
        proxy_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw;
        proxy_temp_path /home/image;
        if ( !-e $request_filename) {
           proxy_pass  http://backend;
        }
    }
}
}

在二臺Nginx上安裝及配置keepalived:

 

 

wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz

tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz

cd keepalived-1.2.15

./configure --sysconf=/etc/  --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64

make && make install

ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived  /sbin/  

#這一步很重要,不執行ln -s會報錯「Starting keepalived: /bin/bash: keepalived: command not found」

service keepalived start

 

二臺Nginxkeepalived.conf配置文件以下配置完成後分別service keepalived start啓動檢驗keepalived配置是否成功

主:

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     test@163.com
   }
   notification_email_from keepalived@localhost 
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_MASTER
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/usr/local/src/check_nginx_pid.sh"
interval 2                           #(檢測腳本執行的間隔)
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   #state MASTER
    state BACKUP
    nopreempt                       
    #設置非搶佔模式時,需修改「state MASTER」爲「state BACKUP」,添加「nopreempt「
    interface bond0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_http_port            #(調用檢測腳本)
}
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.15.135/24 broadcast 192.168.15.255 dev bond0 label bond0:1
    }
}

 

備: 

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     test@163.com
   }
   notification_email_from keepalived@localhost 
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_BACKUP
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/usr/local/src/check_nginx_pid.sh"
interval 2                           #(檢測腳本執行的間隔)
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface bond0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 66
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_http_port            #(調用檢測腳本)
}
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.15.135/24 broadcast 192.168.15.255 dev bond0 label bond0:1
    }
}

如下是針對nginx狀態進行檢測的腳本,第一次nginx服務死掉時,會從新啓動,若是Nginx服務沒法正常啓動,則殺掉keepalived進程

vim  /usr/local/src/check_nginx_pid.sh

#!/bin/bash
A=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l`        
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then                            
      /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx        
      if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then  
              killall keepalived                    
      fi
fi

 

Ok,開始nginx負載均衡測試,停掉其中一臺的任何服務,不影響整個系統的運做

注:兩臺LBServer也可分別添加一個VIP①②(Keepalived心跳監控,服務不可用或者宕機,VIP①被備LBServer接管),外部使用智能DNS輪詢兩個VIP①②,提升硬件資源利用率

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