python 提取linux的硬件信息

一、代碼實現目的

注：代碼能夠直接粘貼使用

爲了實現對主機的總體有明確的瞭解，實現了下面的代碼功能

代碼主要功能是：

• 提取到主機的內存、硬盤、CPU、型號等信息
• 插入到mysql的數據庫中

二、代碼具體實現步驟

2.1首先要先在mysql中新建數據庫和數據表

新建數據庫：

create database host;

新建數據表：

CREATE TABLE `host_data` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `product` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `cpu_num` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `hostname` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `ip_out` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `cpu_model` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `ip_in` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `osver` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `sn` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Memory` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `vender` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Disk` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`ip_out`),
  UNIQUE KEY `ip_out` (`ip_out`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=33 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

　

2.2 下面就是具體獲取硬件信息的代碼：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8

'''
收集主機的信息：
主機名稱、IP、系統版本、服務器廠商、型號、序列號、CPU信息、內存信息
'''

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import os, sys
import socket, fcntl, struct
from collections import namedtuple
import pymysql
import re

'''獲取因此磁盤信息'''

disk_ntuple = namedtuple('partition', 'device mountpoint fstype')
usage_ntuple = namedtuple('usage', 'total used free percent')


''' 獲取 ifconfig 命令的輸出 '''

def getIfconfig():
    p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout=PIPE)
    data = p.stdout.read()
    return data


''' 獲取 dmidecode 命令的輸出 '''

def getDmi():
    p = Popen(['dmidecode'], stdout=PIPE)
    data = p.stdout.read()
    return data


'''獲取磁盤總大小  格式sda[300GB]+sdb[300GB]'''

def humanize_bytes(bytesize, precision=0):
    abbrevs = (
        (10**15, 'PB'),
        (10**12, 'TB'),
        (10**9, 'GB'),
        (10**6, 'MB'),
        (10**3, 'kB'),
        (1, 'bytes')
    )
    if bytesize == 1:
        return '1 byte'
    for factor, suffix in abbrevs:
        if bytesize >= factor:
            break
    return '%.*f%s' % (precision, round(float(bytesize) / factor), suffix)

def dev_phy_size():
  with open('/proc/partitions','r') as dp:
    res = ''
    for disk in dp.readlines():
      if re.search(r'[s,h,v]d[a-z]\n',disk):
        blknum = disk.strip().split(' ')[-2]
        dev = disk.strip().split(' ')[-1]
        size = int(blknum)*1024
        consist = dev+'['+humanize_bytes(size).strip()+']'
        res += consist + '+'
    return {'Disk':res[:-1]}


# '''獲取分區路徑和掛載、格式信息'''
# def disk_partitions(all=False):
#     """Return all mountd partitions as a nameduple.
#     If all == False return phyisical partitions only.
#     """
#     phydevs = []
#     f = open("/proc/filesystems", "r")
#     for line in f:
#         if not line.startswith("nodev"):
#             phydevs.append(line.strip())
# 
#     retlist = []
#     f = open('/etc/mtab', "r")
#     for line in f:
#         if not all and line.startswith('none'):
#             continue
#         fields = line.split()
#         device = fields[0]
#         mountpoint = fields[1]
#         fstype = fields[2]
#         if not all and fstype not in phydevs:
#             continue
#         if device == 'none':
#             device = ''
#         ntuple = disk_ntuple(device, mountpoint, fstype)
#         retlist.append(ntuple)
#     return retlist
# 
# 
# 
# '''獲取磁盤的使用狀況（總、已用、可用、百分比）'''
# def disk_usage(path):
#     """Return disk usage associated with path."""
#     hd = {}
#     st = os.statvfs(path)
#     free = (st.f_bavail * st.f_frsize)
#     total = (st.f_blocks * st.f_frsize)
#     used = (st.f_blocks - st.f_bfree) * st.f_frsize
#     try:
#         percent = ret = (float(used) / total) * 100
#     except ZeroDivisionError:
#         percent = 0
#     hd['total'] = total
#     hd['used'] = used
#     hd['free'] = free
#     hd['percent'] = round(percent, 1)
#     return hd
# 
# 
# def access_disk():
#     hd = {}
#     disks = disk_partitions()
#     for i in disks:
#         d = list(i)[1]
#         a_disks = disk_usage(d)
#         hd["cipan"] = a_disks
#     return hd

''' 根據空行分段落 返回段落列表'''


def parseData(data):
    parsed_data = []
    new_line = ''
    data = [i for i in data.split('\n') if i]
    for line in data:
        if line[0].strip():
            parsed_data.append(new_line)
            new_line = line + '\n'
        else:
            new_line += line + '\n'
    parsed_data.append(new_line)
    return [i for i in parsed_data if i]


''' 根據輸入的段落數據分析出ifconfig的每一個網卡ip信息 '''

'''外網IP'''
def parseIfconfig_out(ifname):
    dic = {}
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    ipaddr = socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), 0x8915, struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15]))[20:24])
    dic['ip_out'] = ipaddr
    return dic
'''內網IP'''
def parseIfconfig_in(ifname):
    dic = {}
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    ipaddr = socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), 0x8915, struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15]))[20:24])
    dic['ip_in'] = ipaddr
    return dic


''' 根據輸入的dmi段落數據 分析出指定參數 '''


def parseDmi(parsed_data):
    dic = {}
    parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i.startswith('System Information')]
    parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data[0].split('\n')[1:] if i]
    dmi_dic = dict([i.strip().split(':') for i in parsed_data])
    dic['vender'] = dmi_dic['Manufacturer'].strip()
    dic['product'] = dmi_dic['Product Name'].strip()
    dic['sn'] = dmi_dic['Serial Number'].strip()
    return dic


''' 獲取Linux系統主機名稱 '''


def getHostname():
    p = Popen(['hostname'], stdout=PIPE)
    data = p.stdout.read().split('\n')[0]
    return {'hostname': data}


''' 獲取Linux系統的版本信息 '''

def getOsVersion():
    with open('/etc/issue') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            osver = line.strip()
            break
    return {'osver': osver}


''' 獲取CPU的型號和CPU的核心數 '''


def getCpu():
    num = 0
    with open('/proc/cpuinfo') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            if line.startswith('processor'):
                num += 1
            if line.startswith('model name'):
                cpu_model = line.split(':')[1].strip().split()
                cpu_model = cpu_model[0] + ' ' + cpu_model[2] + ' ' + cpu_model[-1]
    return {'cpu_num': num, 'cpu_model': cpu_model}


''' 獲取Linux系統的總物理內存 '''


def getMemory():
    with open('/proc/meminfo') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            if line.startswith('MemTotal'):
                mem = int(line.split()[1].strip())
                break
    mem = '%.f' % (mem / 1024000.0) + ' GB'
    return {'Memory': mem}




def main():
    dic = {}
    data_ip = getIfconfig()
    parsed_data_ip = parseData(data_ip)
    ip_out = parseIfconfig_out(sys.argv[1])
    ip_in = parseIfconfig_in(sys.argv[2])

    data_dmi = getDmi()
    parsed_data_dmi = parseData(data_dmi)
    dmi = parseDmi(parsed_data_dmi)

    acc_disks = dev_phy_size()
    # print acc_disks

    hostname = getHostname()
    osver = getOsVersion()
    cpu = getCpu()
    mem = getMemory()

    dic.update(ip_in)
    dic.update(ip_out)
    dic.update(dmi)
    dic.update(hostname)
    dic.update(osver)
    dic.update(cpu)
    dic.update(mem)
    dic.update(acc_disks)
    return dic


def db_connect():
    conn = pymysql.connect(host="x.x.x.x",
                           db='xxxxx',
                           user="root",
                           passwd="*******",
                           charset="utf8")
    cur = conn.cursor()
    return conn,cur

def save_mysql(conn, cur, dic):
    k = dic.keys()
    v = dic.values()
    key = ",".join(k)
    vs = list()
    for i in v:
        vs.append("'%s'" % i)
    values = ",".join(vs)
    # print values, k
    try:
        # sql = "REPLACE INTO host_data(%s) VALUES(%s)" % (key, values)
        sql = "INSERT INTO host_data(%s) VALUES(%s)" % (key, values)
        # print sql
        cur.execute(sql)
        conn.commit()
    except Exception as e:
        # print Exception, ": ", e
        conn.rollback()



if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn, cur = db_connect()
    dic_data = main()
    save_mysql(conn, cur, dic_data)

注：

• 腳本須要修改  db_connect() 函數的數據庫信息  （db參數是數據庫的庫名）
• 運行方式：python  腳本名稱  外網網卡名稱   內網網卡名稱（由於每臺機器的網卡名稱不同，因此在執行腳本的時候最好的把內外網的網卡名稱以傳值的形式給到腳本）
• 好比: python host.py  eth1  eth0