經濟學人精讀筆記13：火鍋，中國人的最愛

# 經濟學人精讀筆記13：火鍋，中國人的最愛

標籤（空格分隔）： 經濟學人

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Part 1

Regional cuisine

But Sichuan-style broths are the most commonly savoured in China. In recent years their popularity has been booming. China has around 350,000 hotpot restaurants. About 40,000 of them are said to be in the Chongqing region alone.

地方菜
但川味火鍋湯在中國最受歡迎。近年來，受歡迎程度一再躍升。中國大約有35萬家火鍋店。僅重慶地區就有4萬家火鍋店。

• broth n. thick soup made by boiling meat or fish and vegetables in water （加入蔬菜的）肉湯，魚湯 chicken broth 雞湯

• savour [sāʹvər] v.If you savour an experience, you enjoy it as much as you can.盡情享受；充分體驗There's something about the Loire Valley that makes you want to savour every moment. 盧瓦爾山谷有某種特殊氣息，讓人想要充分享受在這裏的每時每刻。咱們能夠在寫做中替換enjoy【寫做推薦】

【句子分析】In recent years their popularity has been booming.

①popularity n.流行，普及，受歡迎；聲望
gain / grow / increase in popularity 開始流行 Country music is growing in popularity.鄉村音樂愈來愈流行了。
popular adj.受喜好的；受歡迎的；當紅的

②boom [buːm] 經常使用於指經濟活動的迅速發展或繁榮，好比boom in tourism旅遊業的繁榮，a boom in car sales 汽車銷售額的巨增
boom 也能夠做動詞，好比經濟很繁榮，咱們能夠說The economy is booming，銷售額在快速增加，咱們能夠說Sales are booming.
形容詞booming也是外刊中的高頻詞，好比雲南的旅遊產業在蓬勃發展。Yunnan has a booming tourist industry.

③【語法點睛】have/has been doing 如今完成進行時：是英語中動詞的一種基本時態，表示動做從某一時間開始，一直持續到如今，或者剛剛終止，或者可能仍然要繼續下去。I have been learning English since three years ago.三年以來我一直在學英語。（動做還將繼續下去）

• hotpot n.火鍋
  【相關拓展】中國的八大菜系用英文怎麼說，有什麼規律呢？
  魯菜 Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine)
  川菜 Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)
  粵菜 Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)
  閩菜 Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)
  蘇菜 Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)
  浙菜 Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)
  湘菜 Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)
  徽菜 Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)

咱們能夠觀察到，每一種菜系有兩種翻譯：一是音譯地名簡稱+Cuisine，好比Lu Cuisine，二是音譯地名全稱+Cuisine，好比：Shandong Cuisine
cuisine是名詞指「(一國或一地區的)菜餚，風味.」，好比上海菜咱們說 Shanghai cuisine

• sb/sth be said to be/do ... 聽說…，人們認爲…。由It is said that sb/sth do...轉化而來的.
  除了said，這個句型還可使用reported / belived / supposed等動詞，意思是「據報導…；人們相信…；你們認爲…」。
  It is said to be the most wonderful one this year. 聽說是今年最精彩的一場。【寫做推薦】

• alone 不只能夠放在動詞後修飾動詞，還能夠用於名詞或代詞後表示「惟一，只有」 You can't blame anyone else; you alone made the decision. 你不能責怪任何人，是你一人作的決定；
  alone還能夠表示「僅僅，單，只」The shoes alone cost £200. 僅鞋子一項就花了 200 英鎊
  你們在寫做中也能夠活用alone這個地道小詞來表示強調。

再拓展一個alone有關的地道表達：let alone used after a statement to emphasize that because the first thing is not true or possible, the next thing cannot be true or possible either更不用說
There isn't enough room for us, let alone any guests.連咱們都沒有足夠的空間，更不用說客人了。【寫做推薦】

Part 2

Hotpot restaurants in China are more profitable than other kinds, according to iiMedia, a consultancy. Haidilao, a well-known Sichuan-based hotpot chain, raised nearly $1bn when it was listed on the Hong Kong exchange in September. The company is taking its hotpot global. It expanded into Canada in December. Branches are set to open in London later this year. The more adventurous tastes of younger Chinese are fuelling demand.

根據諮詢公司iiMedia的數據，在中國，火鍋店比其餘類型的餐飲店利潤更高。總部位於四川的知名火鍋連鎖企業海底撈去年9月在香港交易所上市時籌資近10億美圓。海底撈正將火鍋帶向全世界。去年12月，海底撈在加拿大開了第一家分店。今年晚些時候還將在倫敦開分店。中國年輕人勇於嘗試新口味，這刺激了火鍋需求的增長。

• profitable adj.A profitable organization or practice makes a profit. 盈利的；有利潤的；賺錢的 It was profitable for them to produce large amounts of food. 生產大量的食物能讓他們獲利。

profitability n.獲利，盈利; 利潤
a decline in company profitability 公司利潤的降低
【相似表達】profit-making 也是形容詞「盈利的」

lucrative [ˈluː.krə.tɪv] adj.獲利多的；賺大錢的
lucrative business / contract / market 利潤豐厚的生意 / 合同 / 市場

【Antonym】loss-making adj.a loss-making product or business does not make any money不盈利的，虧損的= non-profitable
consultancy 諮詢公司；諮詢服務，專家諮詢 a management consultancy from Switzerland. 來自瑞士的管理諮詢公司

• xx-based 與表示地點的名詞連用表示「總部設在…的」，「以…爲基地的」
  a Washington-based organization 總部設在華盛頓的機構
  American-based companies 總部設在美國的公司

• listed adj.a listed company is one which offers its shares for sale on the stock exchange (公司)上市的
  【「上市」的相關表達】

public adj.有股上市的：由可在自由市場上交易的股份提供資金的 a public company 有股上市的公司

go public 公開發售股票：經過把股票投入公開市場而使…成爲公衆所擁有：The company went public after having been closely held for 12 years.這個公司在被緊密地控制了十二年以後，終於公開召股了。

float v.使(公司)發行股票；使上市
He floated his firm on the stock market. 他讓本身的公司上市了。
【文化拓展】IPO initial public offering（公司股票的）首次公開發行，上市是指一家企業或公司（股份有限公司）第一次將它的股份向公衆出售（首次公開發行，指股份公司首次向社會公衆公開招股的發行方式）。

• exchange n. A place where things are exchanged, especially a center where securities or commodities are bought and sold 交易所：交換物資的地方，特別是債券和商品的買賣中心【熟詞僻義】
  a stock exchange 證券交易所

• adventurous [ədˈventʃərəs] adj.Someone who is adventurous is willing to take risks and to try new methods. Something that is adventurous involves new things or ideas. 敢於冒險的；勇於創新的；新奇的 The menu could have been more adventurous. 菜單本能夠作得更有新意。

• fuel 做名詞是「燃料」的意思，那麼添加燃料就是使火焰更旺，因此做動詞引伸爲「to increase sth; to make sth stronger 增長；增強；刺激」【寫做推薦】

to fuel speculation/ rumours/ fears 引發猜想/謠傳/恐懼
Fueling the citification of Indiana has been an expanding, remarkably diversified manufacturing and service company. 印地安那州極其多樣化的製造業和服務業的不斷擴大, 加速了該州城市化的進程.

the rocket fuel 指的是「火箭燃料」，能夠用來比喻某事的強力助推

rocket-fuelled adj. [only before noun] happening, moving or increasing very fast 急劇發生的；急速移動的；飛漲的 There are already signs of rocket-fuelled growth. 已經出現迅猛增加的跡象。

-Branches n. 分部；

Part 3

One-third of customers at hotpot restaurants in China are aged between 25 and 30, iiMedia says. They often have little time to cook at home and are unburdened by child-care duties. They like the social aspects of sharing hotpots. Round-the-clock restaurants are sprouting up to allow leisurely feasting.

iiMedia表示，中國火鍋店三分之一的顧客年齡在25歲至30歲之間。這些顧客一般不多在家裏作飯，也沒有照顧孩子的重擔。他們喜歡一塊兒吃火鍋的社交功能。24小時營業的餐館如雨後春筍般涌現出來，人們能夠清閒地享用美食。

• aged adj.…歲的Alan has two children, aged eleven and nine.艾倫有兩個孩子，分別爲11歲和9歲。
  【相關拓展】咱們來學習幾種「年齡」的表達：
  1.aged ：a woman aged about 30 一個大約三十歲的婦女
  2.at the age of…: people at the age of 65六十五歲的人
  3.at…years of age : people at 65 years of age六十五歲的人
  4.at age ... : people at age 65六十五歲的人
  5.at … years old: people at 65 years old六十五歲的人
  6.at…: people at 65六十五歲的人
  7.…-year-olds:20-year-olds 20歲的人

• 【複習】 unburdened adj. 無牽累的；不受累的
  I want therefore to set man free, rejoicing as the bird in the clear sky, unburdened/burdenless, independent, and ecstatic in that freedom. 因此，我想令人自由，像晴空中的小鳥同樣歡欣，在那自由中輕鬆、獨立、欣喜。
  unencumbered adj.沒有阻礙的, 不受妨礙的, 沒有負擔的, 沒有家累的, 沒有子女的。

• aspects n.An aspect of something is one of the parts of its character or nature. 方面；形態；特性
  Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives. 氣候和天氣影響着咱們生活的方方面面。

• round-the-clock adj.全天的, 全天候的；連續不停的, 日夜24小時 Round - the - clock service features this store. 日夜服務是這家商店的特點。
  round-the-world adj.環球的，環遊世界的 Parts for the aircraft will be made all round the world. 這架飛機的部件將在世界各地製造。

• sprout [spraʊt] v.to produce leaves, hair and other new developing parts, or (of leaves, hair and other developing parts) to begin to grow 發（芽），抽（芽）；長出（毛髮等）；（葉、毛髮等）生長
  It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout.這些種子大概要三天時間纔會發芽。

sprout up 涌現；忽然出現
New factories have sprouted up everywhere.新工廠如雨後春筍般地四處涌現。【寫做推薦】

• leisurely 既是形容詞，也是副詞
  adj.清閒的；從容的；慢悠悠的
  Lunch was a leisurely affair. 午餐吃得很清閒。
  adv. 以鎮定自若的方式地，從容不迫地
  We walked leisurely into the hotel. 咱們慢悠悠地走回酒店

• feasting n. eating an elaborate meal (often accompanied by entertainment) 宴會，盛宴 The feasting, drinking, dancing and revelry continued for several days. 一連幾天都是宴會、痛飲、舞蹈和狂歡。

Part 4

While younger Chinese are increasingly health-conscious, they seem to brush off regular hotpot-hygiene scandals. A viral video of a pregnant woman fishing a rat from her broth caused a cooling in the shares of Xiabuxiabu, a chain restaurant named after a Japanese style of hotpot, but they heated up again a few days later. Haidilao even won plaudits when it admitted that rats had been found in some kitchens and vowed to clean up its act. News of other businesses reusing weeks-old oil in the broth is greeted with a shrug.

中國的年輕人雖然愈來愈注重健康，但彷佛對火鍋衛生醜聞不覺得意。呷哺呷哺是一家以日式火鍋命名的連鎖餐廳。近日，一段很火的視頻中，一名孕婦在呷哺呷哺的火鍋裏夾出一隻老鼠，此事致使呷哺呷哺股票大幅下跌，但幾天後，股價再次回升。海底撈甚至認可在某些店的廚房裏發現了老鼠，並承諾要整頓本身的行爲，此舉贏得稱讚。有消息稱，其餘火鍋店在湯裏重複使用了幾周的老油，人們對此只是聳聳肩。

• increasingly adv. more and more all the time 愈來愈多地；不斷增長地。
  常與形容詞連用，能夠應用到寫做和翻譯中，increasingly difficult/important/popular 愈來愈困難/重要/普及
  It is becoming increasingly clear that this problem will not be easily solved. 愈來愈明顯的是，這個問題不會輕易解決。【寫做推薦】

• -conscious用於health, environmentally，fashion, politically，等詞後構成形容詞)表示「注重…的」，「關注…的」
  We're all becoming increasingly health-conscious these days.現在，咱們都愈來愈注重健康。
  environmentally-conscious 關注環境的
  fashion-conscious 對流行敏感的

• brush sb/sth off v.If someone brushes you off when you speak to them, they refuse to talk to you or be nice to you. 不理睬, 冷落, 對…視而不見

When I tried to talk to her about it she just brushed me off.當我試圖和她談這件事時，她就是不理我。

give sb the brush-off 拒絕某人，對…不理睬
Paul asked Tara out to dinner but she gave him the brush-off.保羅邀請塔拉外出吃飯，但遭到拒絕。

• hygiene [ˈhaɪdʒi:n] n. the practice of keeping yourself and your living and working areas clean in order to prevent illness and disease 衛生
  food hygiene食物衛生/personal hygiene 我的衛生

• scandal [ˈskændl] n. A scandal is a situation or event that is thought to be shocking and immoral and that everyone knows about.醜行，醜聞；流言蜚語，關於醜聞的傳言，謠言
  通常咱們在新聞中聽到的醜聞事件，均可以用scandal一次來形容，好比美國著名的「水門事件water gate scandal」。

• viral adj. A viral disease or infection is caused by a virus. 病毒性的；病毒引發的
  A 65-year-old patient suffering from severe viral pneumonia.感染了嚴重病毒性肺炎的65歲病人。
  viral 在文章中的意思引伸爲「火爆的，流行的」，是指像病毒同樣傳播、流行開來的意思。virus是它的名詞形式，表示「病毒」。

• pregnant [ˈpregnənt] adj.If a woman or female animal is pregnant, she has a baby or babies developing in her body. 懷孕的；妊娠的
  Tina was pregnant with their first daughter.蒂娜懷了他們的第一個女兒。

• fish v.If you fish something out from somewhere, you take or pull it out, often after searching for it for some time. (從…中)取出，拿出，拖出【熟詞僻義】
  Kelly fished out another beer from his cooler.凱莉從他的冷藏箱裏又拿出一瓶啤酒。

• sth caused a cooling in …使某事熱度降低、進入低迷期 The new housing policy that restricts house purchases have caused a cooling in real estate market. 新的房產限購政策出臺，房地產市場也隨之冷靜下來。【寫做推薦】

• broth n. 肉湯；

• heat up 激化；加重；變得激烈或熱烈 Then in the last couple of years, the movement for democracy began to heat up.而後在過去幾年裏，民主運動開始升溫。

• plaudit [ˈplɔːdit]n.拍手喝彩, 稱讚, 讚美

receive/ earn/ win plaudit 得到讚賞
The quality of his photography won him plaudits from the experts.他的攝影做品品質很高，贏得了專家的讚賞。【寫做推薦】

sb. speak highly of sth. 某人對某事高度評價/讚賞
Many business people speak highly of your commercial integrity. 不少商界人士對貴公司的商業信譽評價極高.

【同義詞】praise/ acclaim/ commend/ extol/ laud這些動詞表達贊同或敬慕。

1. praise 是指表達贊同、讚賞或敬重：「I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him」 (Shakespeare). 「我來是爲了埋葬凱撒而不是讚頌他」（莎士比亞）
   2.acclaim 常表示公開且熱情地表達出來的衷心讚美：
   The restoration of the frescoes is being widely but not universally acclaimed by art historians.壁畫的修復在藝術史學家那裏獲得了普遍但非一致的稱頌。
2. commend 表示相似於上級所給予的溫和而有節制的讚賞：The judge commended the jury for their patience and hard work. 法官讚賞了陪審團耐心及辛勤的工做。
3. extol 指高度讚賞；該詞表達了一種讚賞和讚頌的意思：「that sign of old age,extolling the past at the expense of the present」 (Sydney Smith).「那年邁的標記以現時爲代價頌揚了過去」（西德尼·史密斯）。
4. laud意指尊敬或崇高的或常爲過分的讚美：「aspirations which are lauded up to the skies」 (Charles Kingsley).「被吹捧上天的宏願」（查爾斯·金斯利）

• vow v.If you vow to do something, you make a serious promise or decision that you will do it. 發誓；起誓；立誓

vow to do sth發誓作某事
While many models vow to go back to college, few do.不少模特發誓要重回大學校園，但不多有人作到。

• clean up本意是「打掃；清掃；把…弄乾淨」，文中的意思是「 (警方或當局)肅清，整肅(犯罪、腐敗等)」能夠應用到寫做中，After years of neglect and decline the city was cleaning itself up. 多年的玩忽職守和經濟蕭條事後，這個城市在進行自我整頓。【寫做推薦】

• xx days/weeks/months/years old xx天/周/月/年大的

• reusing n. 再用, 從新使用

• be greeted with … 對…做出反應；迴應
  The European Court's decision has been greeted with dismay by fishermen. 漁民對歐洲法庭的裁決感到失望。

• greet sth with sth 對…報以…
  greet a joke with laughter對笑話報以笑聲
  is greeted with a shrug 人們對此聳聳肩，也就是 「不覺得然，無所謂」的意思

• shrug vt. & vi. 聳肩(以表示冷淡, 懷疑等)