這是個測試用的例子,經過反射調用對象的方法。java
import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; /** * Created by IntelliJ IDEA. * File: TestRef.java * User: leizhimin * Date: 2008-1-28 14:48:44 */ public class TestRef { public staticvoid main(String args[]) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException { Foo foo = new Foo("這個一個Foo對象!"); Class clazz = foo.getClass(); Method m1 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("outInfo"); Method m2 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("setMsg", String.class); Method m3 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getMsg"); m1.invoke(foo); m2.invoke(foo, "從新設置msg信息!"); String msg = (String) m3.invoke(foo); System.out.println(msg); } } class Foo { private String msg; public Foo(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void outInfo() { System.out.println("這是測試Java反射的測試類"); } }
控制檯輸出結果:jvm
這是測試Java反射的測試類
從新設置msg信息!
Process finished with exit code 0
JAVA反射使用手記測試
本篇文章爲在工做中使用JAVA反射的經驗總結,也能夠說是一些小技巧,之後學會新的小技巧,會不斷更新。本文不許備討論JAVA反射的機制,網上有不少,你們隨便google一下就能夠了。this
在開始以前,我先定義一個測試類Student,代碼以下:google
package chb.test.reflect; public class Student { private int age; private String name; public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public static void hi(int age,String name){ System.out.println("你們好,我叫"+name+",今年"+age+"歲"); } }
1、JAVA反射的常規使用步驟spa
反射調用通常分爲3個步驟:code
代碼示例:對象
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method m = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",new Class[]{int.class,String.class}); m.invoke(cls.newInstance(),20,"chb");
2、方法調用中的參數類型blog
在方法調用中,參數類型必須正確,這裏須要注意的是不能使用包裝類替換基本類型,好比不能使用Integer.class代替int.class。get
如我要調用Student的setAge方法,下面的調用是正確的:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",int.class); setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);
而若是咱們用Integer.class替代int.class就會出錯,如:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",Integer.class); setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);
jvm會報出以下異常:
java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: chb.test.reflect.Student.setAge(java.lang.Integer)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethod(Unknown Source)
at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:23)
3、static方法的反射調用
static方法調用時,沒必要獲得對象示例,以下:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method staticMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",int.class,String.class); staticMethod.invoke(cls,20,"chb");//這裏不須要newInstance //staticMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(),20,"chb");
4、private的成員變量賦值
若是直接經過反射給類的private成員變量賦值,是不容許的,這時咱們能夠經過setAccessible方法解決。代碼示例:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Object student = cls.newInstance();//獲得一個實例 Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age"); field.set(student, 10); System.out.println(field.get(student));
運行如上代碼,系統會報出以下異常:
java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class chb.test.reflect.TestClass can not access a member of class chb.test.reflect.Student with modifiers "private" at sun.reflect.Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Field.doSecurityCheck(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Field.getFieldAccessor(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Unknown Source) at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:20)
解決方法:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Object student = cls.newInstance(); Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age"); field.setAccessible(true);//設置容許訪問 field.set(student, 10); System.out.println(field.get(student));
其實,在某些場合下(類中有get,set方法),能夠先反射調用set方法,再反射調用get方法達到如上效果,代碼示例:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Object student = cls.newInstance(); Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",Integer.class); setMethod.invoke(student, 15);//調用set方法 Method getMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("getAge"); System.out.println(getMethod.invoke(student));