前言: mysql
平常工做或學習過程當中,咱們可能會常常用到某些SQL,建議你們多多整理記錄下這些經常使用的SQL,這樣後續用到會方便不少。筆者在工做及學習過程當中也整理了下我的經常使用的SQL,如今分享給你!可能有些SQL你還不經常使用,但仍是但願對你有所幫助,說不定某日有需求就能夠用到。sql
注:下文分享的SQL適用於MySQL 5.7 版本,低版本可能稍許不一樣。有些SQL可能執行須要較高權限。數據庫
# 查看實例參數 例如: show variables like '%innodb%'; show global variables like '%innodb%'; # 查看實例狀態,例如: show status like 'uptime%'; show global status like 'connection%'; # 查看數據庫連接: show processlist; show full processlist; # 查詢某個表的結構: show create table tb_name; # 查詢某個表的詳細字段信息: show full columns from tb_name; # 查詢某個表的所有索引信息: show index from tb_name; # 查詢某個庫以cd開頭的表: show tables like 'cd%'; # 查詢某個庫中的全部視圖: show table status where comment='view'; # 查詢某個用戶的權限: show grants for 'test_user'@'%';
# 這裏先介紹下CONCAT函數:在MySQL中 CONCAT()函數用於將多個字符串鏈接成一個字符串, 利用此函數咱們能夠將原來一步沒法獲得的sql拼接出來,後面部分語句有用到該函數。 # 當拼接字符串中出現''時 需使用\轉義符 # 查看全部用戶名: SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT( 'User: \'', user, '\'@\'', host, '\';' ) AS QUERY FROM mysql.user; # 查看用戶詳細信息: SELECT user, host, authentication_string, password_expired, password_lifetime, password_last_changed, account_locked FROM mysql.user;
# 下面列舉SQL只是拼接出kill 連接的語句,若想執行 直接將結果複製執行便可。 # 殺掉空閒時間大於2000s的連接: SELECT concat( 'KILL ', id, ';' ) FROM information_schema.`PROCESSLIST` WHERE Command = 'Sleep' AND TIME > 2000; # 殺掉處於某狀態的連接: SELECT concat( 'KILL ', id, ';' ) FROM information_schema.`PROCESSLIST` WHERE STATE LIKE 'Creating sort index'; # 殺掉某個用戶的連接: SELECT concat( 'KILL ', id, ';' ) FROM information_schema.`PROCESSLIST` WHERE where user='root';
# 拼接建立數據庫語句(排除系統庫): SELECT CONCAT( 'create database ', '`', SCHEMA_NAME, '`', ' DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ', DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME, ';' ) AS CreateDatabaseQuery FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME NOT IN ( 'information_schema', 'performance_schema', 'mysql', 'sys' ); # 拼接建立用戶語句(排除系統用戶): SELECT CONCAT( 'create user \'', user, '\'@\'', Host, '\'' ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'', authentication_string, '\';' ) AS CreateUserQuery FROM mysql.`user` WHERE `User` NOT IN ( 'root', 'mysql.session', 'mysql.sys' ); # 有密碼字符串哦 在其餘實例執行 可直接建立出與本實例相同密碼的用戶。
# 查看整個實例佔用空間大小: SELECT concat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB, concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB FROM information_schema.`TABLES`; # 查看各個庫佔用大小: SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, concat( TRUNCATE ( sum( data_length )/ 1024 / 1024, 2 ), ' MB' ) AS data_size, concat( TRUNCATE ( sum( index_length )/ 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_size FROM information_schema.`TABLES` GROUP BY TABLE_SCHEMA; # 查看單個庫佔用空間大小: SELECT concat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB, concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB FROM information_schema.`TABLES` WHERE table_schema = 'test_db'; # 查看單個表佔用空間大小: SELECT concat( round( sum( data_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS data_length_MB, concat( round( sum( index_length / 1024 / 1024 ), 2 ), 'MB' ) AS index_length_MB FROM information_schema.`TABLES` WHERE table_schema = 'test_db' AND table_name = 'tbname';
# 查看某個庫下全部表的碎片狀況: SELECT t.TABLE_SCHEMA, t.TABLE_NAME, t.TABLE_ROWS, concat( round( t.DATA_LENGTH / 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'M' ) AS size, t.INDEX_LENGTH, concat( round( t.DATA_FREE / 1024 / 1024, 2 ), 'M' ) AS datafree FROM information_schema.`TABLES` t WHERE t.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'test_db' ORDER BY datafree DESC; # 收縮表,減小碎片: alter table tb_name engine = innodb; optimize table tb_name;
# 查找某一個庫無主鍵表: SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.`TABLES` WHERE table_schema = 'test_db' AND TABLE_NAME NOT IN ( SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.table_constraints t JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage k USING ( constraint_name, table_schema, table_name ) WHERE t.constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND t.table_schema = 'test_db' ); # 查找除系統庫外 無主鍵表: SELECT t1.table_schema, t1.table_name FROM information_schema.`TABLES` t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS t2 ON t1.table_schema = t2.TABLE_SCHEMA AND t1.table_name = t2.TABLE_NAME AND t2.CONSTRAINT_NAME IN ('PRIMARY') WHERE t2.table_name IS NULL AND t1.TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ( 'information_schema', 'performance_schema', 'mysql', 'sys' ) ;
總結: session
但願這些SQL語句能對你有所幫助,能夠收藏一下,說不定某次就用到了呢!原創不易,感謝你們支持。ide