Mysql源碼編譯安裝&主從複製

時間 2019-11-12

標籤 mysql 源碼編譯安裝主從複製欄目 MySQL 简体版

原文原文鏈接

一）camke源碼編譯安裝mysql

1）建立軟件安裝目錄softwarehtml

1 [root@master software]# ls
2 cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
3 [root@master software]#

2)解壓cmak軟件mysql

1 [root@master software]# tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz 
2 [root@master software]# ls
3 cmake-2.8.8  cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
4 [root@master software]# cd cmake-2.8.8/

3)在cmake目錄下編譯git

1 [root@master software]# ./configure
2 [root@master software]# gmake
3 [root@master software]# gmake install
4 [root@master software]# cd../

4)安裝依賴包github

1 [root@master software]# yum install ncurses-devel -y

5)建立mysql組，並建立mysql用戶指定mysql組且不能登陸sql

1 [root@master software]# groupadd mysql
2 [root@master software]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql

6)解壓mysql，作個軟鏈接數據庫

1 [root@slave software]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz 
2 [root@slave software]# ls
3 cmake-2.8.8  cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql-5.5.32  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
4 [root@slave software]# ln -s mysql-5.5.32 mysql　#這邊必定要注意本身作的軟鏈接，指定的datadir和basedir必定要和/etc/my.conf配置指定的socket指定目錄同樣，要不socket起不來pid
5 [root@slave software]# ls
6 cmake-2.8.8  cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql  mysql-5.5.32  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
7 [root@slave software]#

7)編譯安裝vim

 1 cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32 \
 2 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/data \ 
 3 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/mysql.sock \ # mysql的sock後面用mysqldump備份的時候會用到 4 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
 5 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
 6 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \
 7 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
 8 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
 9 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
10 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
11 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
12 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
13 -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
14 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
15 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
16 -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
17 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
18 -DWITH_DEBUG=0

1 [root@master mysql-5.5.32]# make&make install

cmake編譯安裝mysql 到此結束。centos

二）初始化數據庫

1)指定mysql的數據路徑datadir，和mysql 的安裝路徑basedirbash

 1 [root@master mysql-5.5.32]# cd scripts/
 2 [root@master scripts]# chmod 755 mysql_install_db
 3 [root@master scripts]# ./mysql_install_db  --user=mysql  --basedir=/home/software/mysql --datadir=/home/software/mysql/data
 4 Installing MySQL system tables...
 5 OK
 6 Filling help tables...
 7 OK
 8 
 9 To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
10 support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
11 
12 PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
13 To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
14 
15 /home/software/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
16 /home/software/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h master password 'new-password'
17 
18 Alternatively you can run:
19 /home/software/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
20 
21 which will also give you the option of removing the test
22 databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
23 strongly recommended for production servers.
24 
25 See the manual for more instructions.
26 
27 You can start the MySQL daemon with:
28 cd /home/software/mysql ; /home/software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
29 
30 You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
31 cd /home/software/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
32 
33 Please report any problems with the /home/software/mysql/scripts/mysqlbug script!
34 
35 [root@master scripts]#

2)拷貝mysql 的啓動腳本，並受權腳本權限服務器

1 [root@master support-files]# cd ..
2 [root@master mysql-5.5.32]# cd scripts/
3 [root@master scripts]# cd ../support-files/
4 [root@master support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 
5 cp: overwrite ‘/etc/init.d/mysqld’? y
6 [root@master support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

10)啓動mysql

1 [root@master /]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
2 Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! 
3 [root@master /]# ss -lntup|grep mysql
4 tcp    LISTEN     0      50        *:3306                  *:*                   users:(("mysqld",pid=6734,fd=11))

到此，主庫跟從庫mysql就成功安裝了

3)讓mysql開機自啓動，

 1 [root@master /]# chkconfig --add mysqld
 2 [root@master /]# chkconfig mysqld on
 3 [root@master /]# chkconfig --list mysqld
 4 　　　　　　　　　　　　
 5 Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
 6       systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
 7       systemd configuration.
 8 
 9       If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
10       To see services enabled on particular target use
11       'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.　　　　　　#看到這個不謊，由於個人是發行版的centos
12 
13 mysqld             0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

4)配置mysql命令的全局使用路徑

 1 [root@master mysql-5.5.32]# cd bin/
 2 [root@master bin]# ls
 3 innochecksum       mysqlaccess.conf            mysqld                mysqlimport                mysql_upgrade
 4 msql2mysql         mysqladmin                  mysqld_multi          mysql_plugin               mysql_waitpid
 5 myisamchk          mysqlbinlog                 mysqld_safe           mysql_secure_installation  mysql_zap
 6 myisam_ftdump      mysqlbug                    mysqldump             mysql_setpermission        perror
 7 myisamlog          mysqlcheck                  mysqldumpslow         mysqlshow                  replace
 8 myisampack         mysql_client_test           mysql_embedded        mysqlslap                  resolveip
 9 my_print_defaults  mysql_client_test_embedded  mysql_find_rows       mysqltest                  resolve_stack_dump
10 mysql              mysql_config                mysql_fix_extensions  mysqltest_embedded
11 mysqlaccess        mysql_convert_table_format  mysqlhotcopy          mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
12 [root@master bin]# ./mysql
13 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
14 Your MySQL connection id is 1
15 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
16 
17 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
18 
19 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
20 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
21 owners.
22 
23 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
24 
25 mysql>

4.1)把mysql命令添加到全局變量

 1 [root@master /]# echo 'export PATH=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
 2 [root@master /]# tail -1 /etc/profile
 3 export PATH=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/bin:$PATH
 4 [root@master /]# source /etc/profile
 5 [root@master /]# mysql
 6 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 7 Your MySQL connection id is 5
 8 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
 9 
10 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
11 
12 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
13 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
14 owners.
15 
16 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
17 
18 mysql>

4.2）設置密碼

 1 [root@master /]# mysqladmin -u root password 'root'
 2 [root@master /]# mysql
 3 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
 4 [root@master /]# mysql -uroot -p
 5 Enter password: 
 6 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 7 Your MySQL connection id is 8
 8 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
 9 
10 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
11 
12 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
13 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
14 owners.
15 
16 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
17 
18 mysql> Ctrl-C -- exit!
19 Aborted
20 [root@master /]#

三）mysql主從複製

1）mysql主從複製基本原理剖析（感謝我白哥配圖）

2）確保 server-id 要不一樣，一般主ID要小於從ID。必定注意

2.1查看主庫的id

1 [root@master /]#  egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
2 log-bin=mysql-bin
3 server-id    = 1
4 #server-id       = 2
5 #log-bin=mysql-bin
6 [root@master /]#

2.2查看從庫的id並修改讓server-id大於主庫

1 [root@slave /]# vim /etc/my.cnf
2 [root@slave /]#  egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
3 log-bin=mysql-bin
4 #server-id    = 1
5 server-id    =2
6 #server-id       = 2
7 #log-bin=mysql-bin
8 [root@slave /]#

3）主服務器操做

3.1）首先登錄數據庫，建立macc（master salve connect common）主從複製專用帳戶，

 1 mysql>  grant replication slave on *.* to 'macc'@'192.168.32.%' identified by 'nick';　　#建立macc帳戶並受權192.168.32的網段能夠鏈接，密碼爲nick
 2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 3 
 4 mysql> flush privileges;　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#刷新
 5 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 6 
 7 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;　　查看macc用戶
 8 +------+--------------+
 9 | user | host         |
10 +------+--------------+
11 | root | 127.0.0.1    |
12 | macc | 192.168.32.% |
13 | root | ::1          |
14 |      | localhost    |
15 | root | localhost    |
16 |      | slave        |
17 | root | slave        |
18 +------+--------------+
19 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
20 
21 mysql>

3.2)而後刷新全部的表，同時給數據庫加上一把鎖，阻止對數據庫進行任何的寫操做

 1 mysql> flush tables with read lock;　　　　　　　　　　　　#鎖表
 2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 3 　　
 4 mysql> show master status;　　　　　　　　#獲取二進制日誌信息個人能夠到/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/data/mysql-bin. 找到，默認都是在data目錄下。
 5 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 6 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |#flie的值是當前二進制日誌的文件名，position是該日誌的位置信息，會在配置從時候用到
 7 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 8 | mysql-bin.000004 |      471 |              |                  |
 9 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
10 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
11 
12 mysql>

3.3)讓你們看看個人二進制日誌位置（這個不是必要操做）

1 [root@slave /]# cd /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/data/
2 [root@slave data]# ls
3 ibdata1      ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000003  mysql-bin.index     slave.err  test
4 ib_logfile0  mysql        mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.000004  performance_schema  slave.pid
5 [root@slave data]#

注意:若是以前的服務器並無配置使用二進制日誌，那麼使用上面的sql語句show master status會顯示空，在鎖表以後，再導出數據庫裏的數據（若是數據庫裏沒有數據，能夠忽略這一步）

3.4）建立mysql備份目錄backup，並開始備份數據，mysqldump備份命令請點擊（前面是源碼，後面是網上源碼總結的）

 1 [root@master software]# mkdir backup　　　　　　　　#建立mysql備份的目錄
 2 [root@master software]# ls
 3 backup  cmake-2.8.8  cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql  mysql-5.5.32  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
 4 [root@master software]# cd /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/　　　#由於用的mysqldump備份，須要指定sock，這就是cmake編譯時候指定的路徑
 5 [root@master sock]# ls
 6 mysql.sock
 7 [root@master sock]# 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
 8 [root@master sock]#  mysqldump -uroot -p -S /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/mysql.sock  --all-databases | gzip >/home/software/backup/mysql_macc_bak$(date+%F).sql.gz
 9 -bash: date+%F: command not found　　　　　　　　　　# 這裏報錯是由於$(date +%F)須要有空格，且前面我沒加點致使的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
10 Enter password: 
11 -- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly.
12 [root@master sock]#  mysqldump -uroot -p -S /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/mysql.sock  --all-databases --events | gzip >/home/software/backup/mysql_macc_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
13 Enter password: 
14 [root@master sock]# cd /home/software/backup/
15 [root@master backup]# ls
16 mysql_macc_bak.2019-06-01.sql.gz  mysql_macc_bak.sql.gz
17 [root@master backup]# ls
18 mysql_macc_bak.2019-06-01.sql.gz  mysql_macc_bak.sql.gz

3.5)這個時候就能夠解鎖表了

1 mysql> unlock tables;
2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

四）從服務器配置

4.1)查看從服務器的sesrver-id

1 [root@slave /]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
2 log-bin=mysql-bin
3 #server-id    = 1
4 server-id    =2
5 #server-id       = 2
6 #log-bin=mysql-bin
7 [root@slave /]#

注意：從服務器上不必打開log-bin，固然也能夠打開log-bin選項，這樣能夠在從服務器上進行數據備份和災難恢復，或者讓這個從服務器變成一個主服務器。

 1 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;　　　　　　#查看從庫的用戶macc
 2 +------+--------------+
 3 | user | host         |
 4 +------+--------------+
 5 | root | 127.0.0.1    |
 6 | macc | 192.168.32.% |
 7 | root | ::1          |
 8 |      | localhost    |
 9 | root | localhost    |
10 |      | slave        |
11 | root | slave        |
12 +------+--------------+
13 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
14 
15 mysql> change master to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#參數配置見下面的詳細解釋　　　　
16     ->  MASTER_HOST='192.168.32.132',　　　　　　　　　　
17     -> MASTER_PORT=3306,
18     -> MASTER_USER='macc',
19     -> MASTER_PASSWORD='nick',
20     -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
21     -> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
22 ERROR 1198 (HY000): This operation cannot be performed with a running slave; run STOP SLAVE first
23 mysql> stop slave
24     -> ;
25 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
26 
27 mysql> change master to
28     ->  MASTER_HOST='192.168.32.132',
29     -> MASTER_PORT=3306,
30     -> MASTER_USER='macc',
31     -> MASTER_PASSWORD='nick',
32     -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
33     -> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
34 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
35 
36 mysql> start slave;
37 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
38 
39 mysql> show slave status\G
40 *************************** 1. row ***************************
41                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
42                   Master_Host: 192.168.32.132
43                   Master_User: macc
44                   Master_Port: 3306
45                 Connect_Retry: 60
46               Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
47           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
48                Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000003
49                 Relay_Log_Pos: 253
50         Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
51              Slave_IO_Running: Yes　　　　　　#io進程負責從庫去主庫讀取二進制日誌，並寫到從庫的中繼日誌中，io跟sql進程出現no，從服務器要跟主服務器通，server-id要不同
52             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes　　　　　　#sql進程負責將中繼日誌換成sql語句後執行
53               Replicate_Do_DB: 
54           Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
55            Replicate_Do_Table: 
56        Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
57       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
58   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
59                    Last_Errno: 0
60                    Last_Error: 
61                  Skip_Counter: 0
62           Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
63               Relay_Log_Space: 856
64               Until_Condition: None
65                Until_Log_File: 
66                 Until_Log_Pos: 0
67            Master_SSL_Allowed: No
68            Master_SSL_CA_File: 
69            Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
70               Master_SSL_Cert: 
71             Master_SSL_Cipher: 
72                Master_SSL_Key: 
73         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
74 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
75                 Last_IO_Errno: 0
76                 Last_IO_Error: 
77                Last_SQL_Errno: 0
78                Last_SQL_Error: 
79   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
80              Master_Server_Id: 1
81 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
82 
83 mysql>

4.2)驗證主從是否完成

在主庫上建立master數據庫，到從庫查看，

 1 [root@master backup]# mysql -uroot -p　　　　　　#這個是主庫  2 Enter password: 
 3 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 4 Your MySQL connection id is 3
 5 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
 6 
 7 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 8 
 9 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
10 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
11 owners.
12 
13 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
14 
15 mysql> show databases;
16 +--------------------+
17 | Database           |
18 +--------------------+
19 | information_schema |
20 | mysql              |
21 | performance_schema |
22 | test               |
23 +--------------------+
24 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
25 
26 mysql> create database master;
27 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
28 
29 mysql>

4.3）從庫查看

 1 [root@slave software]# mysql -uroot -p
 2 Enter password: 
 3 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 4 Your MySQL connection id is 11
 5 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
 6 
 7 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 8 
 9 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
10 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
11 owners.
12 
13 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
14 
15 mysql> show databases;
16 +--------------------+
17 | Database           |
18 +--------------------+
19 | information_schema |
20 | mysql              |
21 | performance_schema |
22 | test               |
23 +--------------------+
24 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
25 
26 mysql> show databases;　　　　　　#能夠看到在mysql主上建立的master數據庫有了，
27 +--------------------+
28 | Database           |
29 +--------------------+
30 | information_schema |
31 | master             |
32 | mysql              |
33 | performance_schema |
34 | test               |
35 +--------------------+
36 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
37 
38 mysql>

4.4)到此mysql主從完成，在mysql從服務器上作一個備份（這邊我沒有關閉slave從服務器，應該先關閉從服務器備份，在啓動，這樣保證備份數據的完整性。）

1 [root@slave software]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/mysql.sock --all-databases --events | gzip >/home/software/backup/mysql_macc_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
2 Enter password:
3 [root@slave software]# cd backup/
4 [root@slave backup]# ls
5 mysql_macc_bak.2019-06-01.sql.gz
6 [root@slave backup]#

4）Shell腳本監控mysql主從

 1 #!/bin/bash
 2 #Date:2019-6-19
 3 #Author:king
 4 #version 1.0
 5 mysql_cmd="mysql -u root -proot"
 6 errorno=(1158 1159 1008 1007 1062)
 7 while true
 8 do
 9   array=($($mysql_cmd -e "show slave status\G"|egrep '_Running|Behind_Master|Last_SQL_Errno'|awk '{print $NF}'))
10   if [ "${array[0]}" == "Yes" -a "${array[1]}" == "Yes" -a "${array[2]}" == "0" ]
11   then
12     echo "MySQL is slave is ok"
13   else
14       for ((i=0;i<${#errorno[*]};i++))
15       do
16         if [ "${array[3]}" = "${errorno[$i]}" ];then
17         $mysql_cmd -e "stop slave &&set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;start slave;"
18         fi
19       done
20       char="MySQL slave is not ok"
21       echo "$char"
22       echo "$char"|mail -s "$char" 838915***@qq.com
23       break
24   fi
25   sleep 30
26 done

4.1）執行結果

1 [root@slave_lamp ~]# sh test.sh  
2 MySQL is slave is ok
3 MySQL is slave is ok

次腳本可用於生產案例，若是測試沒有收到郵件，不要謊，這個是vps禁用了 25端口問題，歡迎你們留意幫忙解決哈，固然第三方就算了

五）留記錄，yum安裝mysql5.7

 1 rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm    #添加mysql yum源
 2 yum repolist all | grep mysql    #查看yum源中全部Mysql版本
 3 yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community        #此時的最新版本是mysql8.0，把它禁用掉
 4 yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community        #mysql5.7是我要安裝的版本，啓用mysql5.7
 5 yum repolist enabled | grep mysql    #檢查剛纔的配置是否生效
 6 yum install mysql-community-server -y    #開始安裝
 7 systemctl start mysqld.service    #啓動mysql服務
 8 systemctl status mysqld    #檢查mysql狀態，
 9 grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
10 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';        #登陸mysql後必須修改密碼，密碼簡單會報錯ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
11 set password for root@localhost = password('root');　　　　#這是改mysql密碼的passwor函數，修改mysql密碼不少種，選一種就能夠了
12 set global validate_password_policy=0;        #修改validate_password_policy參數的值
13 set global validate_password_length=1;        #再修改密碼的長度，而後在執行修改密碼就行了
14 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;    #受權其餘機器能夠登陸