java併發編程學習4--線程通訊練習

【問題的描述:

啓動3個線程打印遞增的數字, 線程1先打印1,2,3,4,5, 而後是線程2打印6,7,8,9,10, 而後是線程3打印11,12,13,14,15. 接着再由線程1打印16,17,18,19,20....以此類推, 直到打印到75. 程序的輸出結果應該爲:java

線程1: 1
線程1: 2
線程1: 3
線程1: 4
線程1: 5網絡

線程2: 6
線程2: 7
線程2: 8
線程2: 9
線程2: 10
...
線程3: 71
線程3: 72
線程3: 73
線程3: 74
線程3: 75ide

【代碼實現

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by ibm on 2017/8/8.
 */
public class ClassicTest {

    //使用原始的synchornized object.wait() object.notify()
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //定義線程組
        List<MyThread> threadGroups = new ArrayList<>();
        Counter counter = new Counter();
        MyThread t1 = new MyThread(1,"一",counter,threadGroups);
        MyThread t2 = new MyThread(2,"二",counter,threadGroups);
        MyThread t3 = new MyThread(2,"三",counter,threadGroups);
        threadGroups.add(t1);
        threadGroups.add(t2);
        threadGroups.add(t3);
        new Thread(t1).start();
        new Thread(t2).start();
        new Thread(t3).start();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{
    //線程運行狀態 1立刻執行,2阻塞
    public int status;
    //線程名字
    public String name;
    //計數器
    public Counter counter;
    //線程組
    public List<MyThread> threads = new ArrayList<>();

    public MyThread(int status,String name,Counter counter,List<MyThread> threads){
        this.status = status;
        this.name = name;
        this.counter = counter;
        this.threads = threads;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(name + " GET " + status);
        synchronized (counter){
            while (!counter.isEnd()){
                //判斷是否該本身執行,切記使用while,由於若是在循環的等待過程當中status有所變化,這裏須要再次判斷
                while (status != 1){
                    try {
                        counter.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int i = 0;i < 5 ;i ++){
                    System.out.println(name + ":" + counter.get());
                    counter.increase();
                }
                //狀態進入阻塞狀態,並設置下一個能夠運行的線程
                status = 2;
                setNext();
                counter.notifyAll();
                System.out.println("----");
            }
        }
    }

    void setNext(){
        //當前線程在線程組的索引
        int index = 0;
        for(index = 0;index < threads.size();index++){
            if(name.equals(threads.get(index).name)){
                break;
            }
        }
        if(index == (threads.size() - 1)){
            threads.get(0).status = 1;
        }else {
            threads.get(index + 1).status = 1;
        }
    }
}

class Counter{

    int num = 1;
    int end = 75;

    public int get(){
        return num;
    }
    public void increase(){
        if(isEnd()){
            System.out.println("num超過限制");
            return;
        }
        num++;
    }
    public boolean isEnd(){
        if(num >= end){
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

【後面兩種解法來源網絡:

1.使用synchronized關鍵字:this

public class ClassicTest1  {
    // n爲即將打印的數字
    private static int n = 1;
    // state=1表示將由線程1打印數字, state=2表示將由線程2打印數字, state=3表示將由線程3打印數字
    private static int state = 1;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final ClassicTest1 pn = new ClassicTest1();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                // 3個線程打印75個數字, 單個線程每次打印5個連續數字, 所以每一個線程只需執行5次打印任務. 3*5*5=75
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    // 3個線程都使用pn對象作鎖, 以保證每一個交替期間只有一個線程在打印
                    synchronized (pn) {
                        // 若是state!=1, 說明此時還沒有輪到線程1打印, 線程1將調用pn的wait()方法, 直到下次被喚醒
                        while (state != 1)
                            try {
                                pn.wait();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        // 當state=1時, 輪到線程1打印5次數字
                        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                            // 打印一次後n自增
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                    + ": " + n++);
                        }
                        System.out.println();
                        // 線程1打印完成後, 將state賦值爲2, 表示接下來將輪到線程2打印
                        state = 2;
                        // notifyAll()方法喚醒在pn上wait的線程2和線程3, 同時線程1將退出同步代碼塊, 釋放pn鎖.
                        // 所以3個線程將再次競爭pn鎖
                        // 假如線程1或線程3競爭到資源, 因爲state不爲1或3, 線程1或線程3將很快再次wait, 釋放出剛到手的pn鎖.
                        // 只有線程2能夠經過state斷定, 因此線程2必定是執行下次打印任務的線程.
                        // 對於線程2來講, 得到鎖的道路也許是曲折的, 但前途必定是光明的.
                        pn.notifyAll();
                    }
                }
            }
        }, "線程1").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    synchronized (pn) {
                        while (state != 2)
                            try {
                                pn.wait();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                    + ": " + n++);
                        }
                        System.out.println();
                        state = 3;
                        pn.notifyAll();
                    }
                }
            }
        }, "線程2").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    synchronized (pn) {
                        while (state != 3)
                            try {
                                pn.wait();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                    + ": " + n++);
                        }
                        System.out.println();
                        state = 1;
                        pn.notifyAll();
                    }
                }
            }
        }, "線程3").start();
    }
}

2.使用condition與lock線程

public class ClassicTest2 implements Runnable {
    private int state = 1;
    private int n = 1;
    // 使用lock作鎖
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    // 得到lock鎖的3個分支條件
    private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition c3 = lock.newCondition();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    try {
                        // 線程1得到lock鎖後, 其餘線程將沒法進入須要lock鎖的代碼塊.
                        // 在lock.lock()和lock.unlock()之間的代碼至關於使用了synchronized(lock){}
                        lock.lock();
                        while (state != 1)
                            try {
                                // 線程1競爭到了lock, 可是發現state不爲1, 說明此時還未輪到線程1打印.
                                // 所以線程1將在c1上wait
                                // 與解法一不一樣的是, 三個線程並不是在同一個對象上wait, 也不禁同一個對象喚醒
                                c1.await();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        // 若是線程1競爭到了lock, 也經過了state斷定, 將執行打印任務
                        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                    + ": " + n++);
                        }
                        System.out.println();
                        // 打印完成後將state賦值爲2, 表示下一次的打印任務將由線程2執行
                        state = 2;
                        // 喚醒在c2分支上wait的線程2
                        c2.signal();
                    } finally {
                        // 打印任務執行完成後須要確保鎖被釋放, 所以將釋放鎖的代碼放在finally中
                        lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
            }
        }, "線程1").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    try {
                        lock.lock();
                        while (state != 2)
                            try {
                                c2.await();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                    + ": " + n++);
                        }
                        System.out.println();
                        state = 3;
                        c3.signal();
                    } finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
            }
        }, "線程2").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    try {

                        lock.lock();
                        while (state != 3)
                            try {
                                c3.await();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                    + ": " + n++);
                        }
                        System.out.println();
                        state = 1;
                        c1.signal();
                    } finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
            }
        }, "線程3").start();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ClassicTest2().run();
    }
}
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