Java操做mongoDB2.6的常見API用法

對於mongoDB而言，學習方式和學習關係型數據庫差不太多

開始都是學習如何insert、find、update、remove，而後就是分頁、排序、索引，再接着就是主從複製、副本集、分片等等

最後就是經過它提供的各個驅動（好比Java、PHP、node.js等等）來練習所謂的高級用法

另外：相對於Oracle有PLSQL Developer，MySQL有HeidiSQL

mongoDB也不例外，它的圖形化工具中有一款叫作mongoVUE的，我用的是1.5.3破解版（不是每15天就得改一次註冊表的那種）

下面演示的就是以Java爲例，常見的操做mongoDB API用法

package com.jadyer.test; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.bson.types.ObjectId; import org.junit.AfterClass; import org.junit.BeforeClass; import org.junit.Test; import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject; import com.mongodb.DB; import com.mongodb.DBCollection; import com.mongodb.DBCursor; import com.mongodb.DBObject; import com.mongodb.MongoClient; import com.mongodb.WriteResult; import com.mongodb.util.JSON; /** * mongoDB的Java驅動測試 * @see ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * @see 配置 * @see 1)下載https://fastdl.mongodb.org/win32/mongodb-win32-x86_64-2008plus-2.6.1.zip * @see 2)解壓到本地硬盤D:\Develop\mongoDB\中,並配置環境變量path=D:\Develop\mongoDB\bin * @see 而後在CMD下執行此命令驗證安裝成功與否>mongod --version * @see 3)創建D:\Develop\mongoDBData\文件夾,用於存放mongoDB數據文件 * @see 4)自定義bat文件,分別用於啓動mongoDB數據庫和鏈接數據庫的客戶端 * @see 啓動客戶端的mongo_client.bat內容爲-->mongo 127.0.0.1:27017/admin * @see 啓動數據庫的mongo_db.bat內容爲------>mongod --dbpath D:\Develop\mongoDBData --rest * @see 注:加入[--rest]參數是爲了可以訪問mongoDB的Web控制檯http://127.0.0.1:28017/ * @see ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * @see Java驅動 * @see 這裏要用到mongoDB的Java驅動包,下載地址http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/drivers/java/ * @see ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * @create May 15, 2014 10:17:30 PM * @author 玄玉<http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer> */ public class MongoDBTest { private static MongoClient mongoClient; private static DB db; /** * 創建數據庫鏈接 */ @BeforeClass public static void globalInit(){ try { //mongoClient = new MongoClient(Arrays.asList(new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27017), new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27018), new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27019))); mongoClient = new MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27017); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { System.err.println("mongoDB主機地址有誤"); } db = mongoClient.getDB("mydemo"); } /** * 銷燬數據庫鏈接 */ @AfterClass public static void globalDestroy(){ mongoClient.close(); } /** * 獲取數據庫信息 */ @Test public void getMetaData(){ //查詢數據庫中全部的集合名稱 for(String collectionName : db.getCollectionNames()){ System.out.println("mydemo數據庫所擁有的集合爲:[" + collectionName + "]"); } //查詢某一集合中的數據 DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("person"); DBCursor cursor = collection.find(); try{ while(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println("person集合所擁有的name爲--[" + cursor.next().get("name") + "]"); } }finally{ cursor.close(); } System.out.println("person集合中的記錄數爲----------->" + cursor.count()); System.out.println("person集合數據格式化後的JSON串爲-->" + JSON.serialize(cursor)); } /** * 建立一個空的"moive"集合 */ @Test public void createCollection(){ db.createCollection("movie", new BasicDBObject()); } /** * 爲"moive"集合添加文檔 */ @Test public void insertDocument(){ DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject(); doc.put("name", "24"); doc.put("season", "ninth"); doc.put("score", 88); List<String> actorList = new ArrayList<String>(); actorList.add("Jack Bauer"); actorList.add("Counter Terrorist Unit"); doc.put("actor", actorList); db.getCollection("movie").insert(doc); } /** * 批量插入文檔 */ @Test public void insertBatchDocument(){ List<DBObject> docList = new ArrayList<DBObject>(); DBObject doc11 = new BasicDBObject("name", "Prison Break").append("season", "fourth").append("score", 99); DBObject doc22 = new BasicDBObject("name", "Game of Thrones").append("season", "third").append("score", 92); docList.add(doc11); docList.add(doc22); db.getCollection("movie").insert(docList); } /** * 根據_id刪除數據 */ @Test public void deleteById(){ WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").remove(new BasicDBObject("_id", new ObjectId("5374c6dc5030e0ea4dac8907"))); System.out.println("本次操做影響的記錄條數爲:" + result.getN()); } /** * 根據條件刪除數據 */ @Test public void deleteByData(){ DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject(); doc.put("name", "Prison Break"); WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").remove(doc); System.out.println("本次操做影響的記錄條數爲:" + result.getN()); } /** * 更新數據 * @see 增長email屬性 */ @Test public void update(){ DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject(); doc.put("$set", new BasicDBObject("email", "Jadyer@yeah.net")); WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").update(new BasicDBObject(), doc, false, true); System.out.println("本次操做影響的記錄條數爲:" + result.getN()); } /** * 查詢"moive"集合中的key */ @Test public void getKey(){ DBObject keys = new BasicDBObject(); keys.put("_id", false); keys.put("name", true); //keys.put("score", true); //第一個參數表示查詢條件,第二個參數表示返回的具體key DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(null, keys); try{ while(cursor.hasNext()){ DBObject object = cursor.next(); System.out.println("查詢到的name=" + object.get("name") + ", score=" + object.get("score")); } }finally{ cursor.close(); } } /** * 查詢"moive"集合中分數不超過95的key */ @Test public void getKeyUseScore(){ DBObject ref = new BasicDBObject(); ref.put("score", new BasicDBObject("$lte", 95)); DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(ref, null); try{ while(cursor.hasNext()){ DBObject object = cursor.next(); System.out.println("查詢到的name=" + object.get("name") + ", score=" + object.get("score")); } }finally{ cursor.close(); } } /** * 分頁查詢 */ @Test public void limitSkip(){ DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(null, null); cursor.limit(0).skip(1); try{ while(cursor.hasNext()){ DBObject object = cursor.next(); System.out.println("查詢到的name=" + object.get("name")); } }finally{ cursor.close(); } } }