歡迎star/issue,項目地址:github.com/Dovar66/DTo…java
先看看使用系統Toast存在的問題:android
1.當通知權限被關閉時在華爲等手機上Toast不顯示;
2.Toast的隊列機制在不一樣手機上可能會不相同;
3.Toast的BadTokenException問題;
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當發現系統Toast存在問題時,很多同窗都會採用自定義的TYPE_TOAST彈窗來實現相同效果。雖然大部分狀況下效果都是 OK的,但其實TYPE_TOAST彈窗依然存在兼容問題:git
4.Android8.0以後的token null is not valid問題(實測部分機型問題);
5.Android7.1以後,不容許同時展現兩個TYPE_TOAST彈窗(實測部分機型問題)。
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那麼,DToast使用的解決方案是:github
1.通知權限未被關閉時,使用SystemToast(修復了問題2和問題3的系統Toast);
2.通知權限被關閉時,使用DovaToast(自定義的TYPE_TOAST彈窗);
3.當使用DovaToast出現token null is not valid時,嘗試使用ActivityToast(自定義的TYPE_APPLICATION_ATTACHED_DIALOG
彈窗,只有當傳入Context爲Activity時,纔會啓用ActivityToast).
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相信很多同窗舊項目中封裝的ToastUtil都是直接使用的ApplicationContext做爲上下文,而後在須要彈窗的時候直接就是ToastUtil.show(str),這樣的使用方式對於咱們來講是最方便的啦。微信
固然,使用DToast你也依然能夠沿用這種封裝方式,但這種方式在下面這個場景中可能會沒法成功展現出彈窗(該場景下原生Toast也同樣沒法彈出), 不過請放心不會致使應用崩潰,並且這個場景出現的機率較小,有如下幾個必要條件:架構
1.通知欄權限被關閉(通知欄權限默認都是打開的)
2.非MIUI手機
3.你的應用設置的targetSdkVersion>=26
4.Android8.0以上的部分手機。
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因此,若是你的應用targetSdkVersion>=26,又想要保證在全部場景下都能正常展現彈窗,那麼請在DToast.make(context)時傳入Activity做爲上下文,這樣在該場景下DToast會啓用ActivityToast展現出彈窗。而targetSdkVersion小於26的同窗能夠放心使用ApplicationContext建立DToast。app
想了解爲何須要區別對待targetSdkVersion26+?點擊查看API26作了什麼 ide
而若是你還不瞭解targetSdkVersion 點擊這裏查看post
接下來再詳細分析下上面提到的五個問題:ui
看下方Toast源碼中的show()方法,經過AIDL獲取到INotificationManager,並將接下來的顯示流程控制權
交給NotificationManagerService。
NMS中會對Toast進行權限校驗,當通知權限校驗不經過時,Toast將不作展現。
固然不一樣ROM中NMS可能會有不一樣,好比MIUI就對這部份內容進行了修改,因此小米手機關閉通知權限不會致使Toast不顯示。
/**
* Show the view for the specified duration.
*/
public void show() {
if (mNextView == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");
}
INotificationManager service = getService();
String pkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
TN tn = mTN;
tn.mNextView = mNextView;
try {
service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// Empty
}
}
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如何解決這個問題?只要可以繞過NotificationManagerService便可。
DovaToast經過使用TYPE_TOAST實現全局彈窗功能,不使用系統Toast,也沒有使用NMS服務,所以不受通知權限限制。
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我找了四臺設備,建立兩個Gravity不一樣的Toast並調用show()方法,結果出現了四種展現效果:
* 榮耀5C-android7.0(只看到展現第一個Toast)
* 小米8-MIUI10(只看到展現第二個Toast,即新的Toast.show會停止當前Toast的展現)
* 紅米6pro-MIUI9(兩個Toast同時展現)
* 榮耀5C-android6.0(第一個TOAST展現完成後,第二個纔開始展現)
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形成這個問題的緣由應該是各大廠商ROM中NMS維護Toast隊列的邏輯有差別。 一樣的,DToast內部也維護着本身的隊列邏輯,保證在全部手機上使用DToast的效果相同。
DToast中多個彈窗連續出現時:
1.相同優先級時,會終止上一個,直接展現後一個;
2.不一樣優先級時,若是後一個的優先級更高則會終止上一個,直接展現後一個。
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Toast有個內部類 TN(extends ITransientNotification.Stub),調用Toast.show()時會將TN傳遞給NMS;
public void show() {
if (mNextView == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");
}
INotificationManager service = getService();
String pkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
TN tn = mTN;
tn.mNextView = mNextView;
try {
service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// Empty
}
}
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在NMS中會生成一個windowToken,並將windowToken給到WindowManagerService,WMS會暫時保存該token並用於以後的校驗;
NotificationManagerService.java #enqueueToast源碼:
synchronized (mToastQueue) {
int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
long callingId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
ToastRecord record;
int index = indexOfToastLocked(pkg, callback);
// If it's already in the queue, we update it in place, we don't
// move it to the end of the queue.
if (index >= 0) {
record = mToastQueue.get(index);
record.update(duration);
} else {
// Limit the number of toasts that any given package except the android
// package can enqueue. Prevents DOS attacks and deals with leaks.
if (!isSystemToast) {
int count = 0;
final int N = mToastQueue.size();
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
final ToastRecord r = mToastQueue.get(i);
if (r.pkg.equals(pkg)) {
count++;
if (count >= MAX_PACKAGE_NOTIFICATIONS) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Package has already posted " + count
+ " toasts. Not showing more. Package=" + pkg);
return;
}
}
}
}
Binder token = new Binder();//生成一個token
mWindowManagerInternal.addWindowToken(token, TYPE_TOAST, DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
record = new ToastRecord(callingPid, pkg, callback, duration, token);
mToastQueue.add(record);
index = mToastQueue.size() - 1;
keepProcessAliveIfNeededLocked(callingPid);
}
// If it's at index 0, it's the current toast. It doesn't matter if it's
// new or just been updated. Call back and tell it to show itself.
// If the callback fails, this will remove it from the list, so don't
// assume that it's valid after this.
if (index == 0) {
showNextToastLocked();
}
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(callingId);
}
}
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而後NMS經過調用TN.show(windowToken)回傳token給TN;
/**
* schedule handleShow into the right thread
*/
@Override
public void show(IBinder windowToken) {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);
mHandler.obtainMessage(SHOW, windowToken).sendToTarget();
}
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TN使用該token嘗試向WindowManager中添加Toast視圖(mParams.token = windowToken);
在API25的源碼中,Toast的WindowManager.LayoutParams參數新增了一個token屬性,用於對添加的窗口進行校驗。
當param.token爲空時,WindowManagerImpl會爲其設置 DefaultToken;
@Override
public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
applyDefaultToken(params);
mGlobal.addView(view, params, mContext.getDisplay(), mParentWindow);
}
private void applyDefaultToken(@NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
// Only use the default token if we don't have a parent window.
if (mDefaultToken != null && mParentWindow == null) {
if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
}
// Only use the default token if we don't already have a token.
final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams) params;
if (wparams.token == null) {
wparams.token = mDefaultToken;
}
}
}
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當WindowManager收到addView請求後會檢查 mParams.token 是否有效,如有效則添加窗口展現,不然拋出BadTokenException異常.
switch (res) {
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN:
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_SUBWINDOW_TOKEN:
throw new WindowManager.BadTokenException(
"Unable to add window -- token " + attrs.token
+ " is not valid; is your activity running?");
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_NOT_APP_TOKEN:
throw new WindowManager.BadTokenException(
"Unable to add window -- token " + attrs.token
+ " is not for an application");
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_APP_EXITING:
throw new WindowManager.BadTokenException(
"Unable to add window -- app for token " + attrs.token
+ " is exiting");
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_DUPLICATE_ADD:
throw new WindowManager.BadTokenException(
"Unable to add window -- window " + mWindow
+ " has already been added");
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_STARTING_NOT_NEEDED:
// Silently ignore -- we would have just removed it
// right away, anyway.
return;
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_MULTIPLE_SINGLETON:
throw new WindowManager.BadTokenException("Unable to add window "
+ mWindow + " -- another window of type "
+ mWindowAttributes.type + " already exists");
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_PERMISSION_DENIED:
throw new WindowManager.BadTokenException("Unable to add window "
+ mWindow + " -- permission denied for window type "
+ mWindowAttributes.type);
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_DISPLAY:
throw new WindowManager.InvalidDisplayException("Unable to add window "
+ mWindow + " -- the specified display can not be found");
case WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_TYPE:
throw new WindowManager.InvalidDisplayException("Unable to add window "
+ mWindow + " -- the specified window type "
+ mWindowAttributes.type + " is not valid");
}
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什麼狀況下windowToken會失效?
UI線程發生阻塞,致使TN.show()沒有及時執行,當NotificationManager的檢測超時後便會刪除WMS中的該token,即形成token失效。
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如何解決?
Google在API26中修復了這個問題,即增長了try-catch:
// Since the notification manager service cancels the token right
// after it notifies us to cancel the toast there is an inherent
// race and we may attempt to add a window after the token has been
// invalidated. Let us hedge against that.
try {
mWM.addView(mView, mParams);
trySendAccessibilityEvent();
} catch (WindowManager.BadTokenException e) {
/* ignore */
}
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所以對於8.0以前的咱們也須要作相同的處理。DToast是經過反射完成這個動做,具體看下方實現:
//捕獲8.0以前Toast的BadTokenException,Google在Android 8.0的代碼提交中修復了這個問題
private void hook(Toast toast) {
try {
Field sField_TN = Toast.class.getDeclaredField("mTN");
sField_TN.setAccessible(true);
Field sField_TN_Handler = sField_TN.getType().getDeclaredField("mHandler");
sField_TN_Handler.setAccessible(true);
Object tn = sField_TN.get(toast);
Handler preHandler = (Handler) sField_TN_Handler.get(tn);
sField_TN_Handler.set(tn, new SafelyHandlerWrapper(preHandler));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public class SafelyHandlerWrapper extends Handler {
private Handler impl;
public SafelyHandlerWrapper(Handler impl) {
this.impl = impl;
}
@Override
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
try {
impl.dispatchMessage(msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
impl.handleMessage(msg);//須要委託給原Handler執行
}
}
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Android8.0後對WindowManager作了限制和修改,特別是TYPE_TOAST類型的窗口,必需要傳遞一個token用於校驗。
API25:(PhoneWindowManager.java源碼)
public int checkAddPermission(WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int[] outAppOp) {
int type = attrs.type;
outAppOp[0] = AppOpsManager.OP_NONE;
if (!((type >= FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW && type <= LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW)
|| (type >= FIRST_SUB_WINDOW && type <= LAST_SUB_WINDOW)
|| (type >= FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW && type <= LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW))) {
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_TYPE;
}
if (type < FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW || type > LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW) {
// Window manager will make sure these are okay.
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_OKAY;
}
String permission = null;
switch (type) {
case TYPE_TOAST:
// XXX right now the app process has complete control over
// this... should introduce a token to let the system
// monitor/control what they are doing.
outAppOp[0] = AppOpsManager.OP_TOAST_WINDOW;
break;
case TYPE_DREAM:
case TYPE_INPUT_METHOD:
case TYPE_WALLPAPER:
case TYPE_PRIVATE_PRESENTATION:
case TYPE_VOICE_INTERACTION:
case TYPE_ACCESSIBILITY_OVERLAY:
case TYPE_QS_DIALOG:
// The window manager will check these.
break;
case TYPE_PHONE:
case TYPE_PRIORITY_PHONE:
case TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT:
case TYPE_SYSTEM_ERROR:
case TYPE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY:
permission = android.Manifest.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW;
outAppOp[0] = AppOpsManager.OP_SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW;
break;
default:
permission = android.Manifest.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW;
}
if (permission != null) {
...
}
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_OKAY;
}
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API26:(PhoneWindowManager.java源碼)
public int checkAddPermission(WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int[] outAppOp) {
int type = attrs.type;
outAppOp[0] = AppOpsManager.OP_NONE;
if (!((type >= FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW && type <= LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW)
|| (type >= FIRST_SUB_WINDOW && type <= LAST_SUB_WINDOW)
|| (type >= FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW && type <= LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW))) {
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_TYPE;
}
if (type < FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW || type > LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW) {
// Window manager will make sure these are okay.
return ADD_OKAY;
}
if (!isSystemAlertWindowType(type)) {
switch (type) {
case TYPE_TOAST:
// Only apps that target older than O SDK can add window without a token, after
// that we require a token so apps cannot add toasts directly as the token is
// added by the notification system.
// Window manager does the checking for this.
outAppOp[0] = OP_TOAST_WINDOW;
return ADD_OKAY;
case TYPE_DREAM:
case TYPE_INPUT_METHOD:
case TYPE_WALLPAPER:
case TYPE_PRESENTATION:
case TYPE_PRIVATE_PRESENTATION:
case TYPE_VOICE_INTERACTION:
case TYPE_ACCESSIBILITY_OVERLAY:
case TYPE_QS_DIALOG:
// The window manager will check these.
return ADD_OKAY;
}
return mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW)
== PERMISSION_GRANTED ? ADD_OKAY : ADD_PERMISSION_DENIED;
}
}
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爲了解決問題一,DovaToast不得不選擇繞過NotificationManagerService的控制,但因爲windowToken是NMS生成的, 繞過NMS就沒法獲取到有效的windowToken,因而做爲TYPE_TOAST的DovaToast就可能陷入第四個問題。所以,DToast選擇在DovaToast出現 該問題時引入ActivityToast,在DovaToast沒法正常展現時建立一個依附於Activity的彈窗展現出來,不過ActivityToast只會展現在當前Activity,不具備跨頁面功能。 若是說有更好的方案,那確定是去獲取懸浮窗權限而後改用TYPE_PHONE等類型,但懸浮窗權限每每不容易獲取,目前來看恐怕除了微信其餘APP都不能保證拿獲得用戶的懸浮窗權限。
DToast的彈窗策略就是同一時間最多隻展現一個彈窗,邏輯上就避免了此問題。所以僅捕獲該異常。
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