Linux系統掛載數據盤

參考：http://help.aliyun.com/knowledge_detail/5974154.html?spm=5176.788314850.3.2.hUqwXo

 

一、在阿里雲上購買了服務器，又另外買了一塊數據盤，這個時候就須要對數據盤進行分區和格式化。

 

二、使用ssh鏈接到雲服務器，查看數據盤。

　　1）在沒有分區和格式化數據盤以前，使用 「df –h」命令，是沒法看到數據盤的，以下：

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1       20G  1.4G   18G   8% /
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

　　2）使用 「fdisk -l」 命令查看

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  Linux

Disk /dev/xvdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

　　可以看到 Disk /dev/xvdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes  這就是要分區和格式化的數據盤

　　3）友情提示：若您執行fdisk -l命令，發現沒有 /dev/xvdb 代表您的雲服務無數據盤，那麼您無需進行掛載，此時該教程對您不適用

 

三、對數據盤進行分區

　　1）執行「fdisk -S 56 /dev/xvdb」命令，對數據盤進行分區；

　　2）根據提示，依次輸入「n」，「p」 ，「1」，兩次回車，「wq」，分區就開始了，很快就會完成。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# fdisk -S 56 /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x94d1a2b8.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-8811, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-8811, default 8811): 
Using default value 8811

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

 

四、查看新的分區

　　使用「fdisk -l」命令能夠看到，新的分區xvdb1已經創建完成了。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  Linux

Disk /dev/xvdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 56 sectors/track, 8811 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 14280 * 512 = 7311360 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x94d1a2b8

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvdb1               1        8811    62910512   83 Linux
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

 

五、格式化新分區

　　以ext4爲例：使用「mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1」命令對新分區進行格式化，格式化的時間根據硬盤大小有所不一樣。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3932160 inodes, 15727628 blocks
786381 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
480 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

 

六、添加分區信息

　　使用「echo '/dev/xvdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab」（不含引號）命令寫入新分區信息。

　　而後使用「cat /etc/fstab」命令查看，出現如下信息就表示寫入成功。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# echo '/dev/xvdb1  /mnt ext4    defaults    0  0' >> /etc/fstab
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 14 21:16:42 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee / ext4 defaults,barrier=0 1 1
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/xvdb1  /mnt ext4    defaults    0  0
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

 

 七、掛載新分區

　　使用「mount -a」命令掛載新分區，而後用「df -h」命令查看，出現如下信息就說明掛載成功，能夠開始使用新的分區了。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# mount -a
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1       20G  1.5G   18G   8% /
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvdb1       60G  180M   56G   1% /mnt
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]#