使用QT顯示OpenCV讀取的圖片

1. 概述

OpenCV自帶了一部分經常使用的GUI功能,可是更多的圖像處理功能須要其餘GUI框架來輔助實現,這裏經過QT來顯示OpenCV讀取的圖片。框架

2. 實現

在QtCreator中新建一個基於QMainWindow的應用:函數

QMainWindow應用

其中QImageShowWidget就是用於顯示圖像的控件,它是繼承於QWidget實現的,能夠將其嵌入QMainWindow的centralwidget中:this

QT顯示圖像

QImageShowWidget是自定義的顯示組件,能夠首先在QtCreator的設計師界面拖入一個QWidget,再經過「窗口部件提高」功能提高爲QImageShowWidget。spa

2.1. 代碼

qimageshowwidget.h代碼以下:設計

#ifndef QIMAGESHOWWIDGET_H
#define QIMAGESHOWWIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>

class QImageShowWidget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit QImageShowWidget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~QImageShowWidget();

    bool LoadImage(const char* imagePath);

signals:

public slots:

protected:
    void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *);     //繪製

    void Release();

private:
    uchar* winBuf;      //窗口填充buf
    int winWidth;      //窗口像素寬
    int winHeight;      //窗口像素高
    int winBandNum;      //波段數

};

#endif // QIMAGESHOWWIDGET_H

qimageshowwidget.cpp代碼以下:code

#include "qimageshowwidget.h"

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <QPainter>
#include <QDebug>
#include <iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

QImageShowWidget::QImageShowWidget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent)
{
    //填充背景色
    setAutoFillBackground(true);
    setBackgroundRole(QPalette::Base);

    winBuf = nullptr;
    winWidth = rect().width();
    winHeight = rect().height();
    winBandNum = 3;
}

QImageShowWidget::~QImageShowWidget()
{
    if(winBuf)
    {
        delete[] winBuf;
        winBuf = nullptr;
    }
}

bool QImageShowWidget::LoadImage(const char* imagePath)
{
    //從文件中讀取成灰度圖像
    Mat img = imread(imagePath);
    if (img.empty())
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can not load image %s\n", imagePath);
        return false;
    }

    Release();

    winWidth = rect().width();
    winHeight = rect().height();
    size_t winBufNum = (size_t) winWidth * winHeight * winBandNum;
    winBuf = new uchar[winBufNum];
    memset(winBuf, 255, winBufNum*sizeof(uchar));

    for (int ri = 0; ri < img.rows; ++ri)
    {
        for (int ci = 0; ci < img.cols; ++ci)
        {
            for(int bi = 0; bi < winBandNum; bi++)
            {
                size_t m = (size_t) winWidth * winBandNum * ri + winBandNum * ci + bi;
                size_t n = (size_t) img.cols * winBandNum * ri + winBandNum * ci + bi;
                winBuf[m] = img.data[n];
            }
        }
    }

    update();

    return true;
}

//從新實現paintEvent
void QImageShowWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *)
{
    if(!winBuf)
    {
        return;
    }

    QImage::Format imgFomat = QImage::Format_RGB888;

    QPainter painter(this);
    QImage qImg(winBuf, winWidth, winHeight, winWidth*winBandNum, imgFomat);
    painter.drawPixmap(0, 0, QPixmap::fromImage(qImg));
}

void QImageShowWidget::Release()
{
    if(winBuf)
    {
        delete[] winBuf;
        winBuf = nullptr;
    }
}

2.2. 解析

全部基於QWidget的類均可以從新實現界面重繪事件paintEvent(),它會在界面須要的時候(例如調用update())自動重繪。在這個事件函數中能夠經過圖形繪製接口QPainter繪製:orm

QImage::Format imgFomat = QImage::Format_RGB888;

QPainter painter(this);
QImage qImg(winBuf, winWidth, winHeight, winWidth*winBandNum, imgFomat);
painter.drawPixmap(0, 0, QPixmap::fromImage(qImg));

能夠看到QPainter繪製的實際上是QImage對象,也就是重點是構造QImage這個對象。這個對象是由申請的內存winBuf來構建的。顯示的圖像是由寬、高以及波段組成的,須要將三維空間壓縮爲一維空間——簡單來說,內存的組成爲RGBRGBRGB...,而且起點位置爲左上角,由左至右,由上至下。對象

OpenCV讀取的圖像爲Mat對象:blog

//從文件中讀取成灰度圖像
Mat img = imread(imagePath);
if (img.empty())
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Can not load image %s\n", imagePath);
    return false;
}

Mat對象能夠經過data()方法直接訪問讀取的圖像內存。而這塊內存也是RGBRGBRGB...的結構組成,而且起點位置也是左上角,由左至右,由上至下。將其逐像素傳入到申請的內存winBuf:

winWidth = rect().width();
winHeight = rect().height();
size_t winBufNum = (size_t) winWidth * winHeight * winBandNum;
winBuf = new uchar[winBufNum];
memset(winBuf, 255, winBufNum*sizeof(uchar));

for (int ri = 0; ri < img.rows; ++ri)
{
    for (int ci = 0; ci < img.cols; ++ci)
    {
        for(int bi = 0; bi < winBandNum; bi++)
        {
            size_t m = (size_t) winWidth * winBandNum * ri + winBandNum * ci + bi;
            size_t n = (size_t) img.cols * winBandNum * ri + winBandNum * ci + bi;
            winBuf[m] = img.data[n];
        }
    }
}

3. 結果

經過界面加載一張圖像,顯示結果以下:

QT顯示圖像
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