MSSQL記錄表字段數據變化的相關SQl

在軟件實施過程當中,也許會有這樣的問題: 表中數據出現非預期的結果,此時不肯定是程序問題,哪一個程序,存儲過程,觸發器.. 或仍是人爲修改的結果,此時能夠用觸發器對特定的表字段作跟蹤監視,記錄每次新增,修改,刪除此字段值的操做詳細信息(含登陸名,主機名,IP地址,執行的TSQL語句,程序名等等), 以利於問題的排查.

 

 

-- 建測試表
CREATE TABLE sto
    (
        id INT NOT NULL, -- 主鍵字段
        de DATETIME -- 被跟蹤的字段
            CONSTRAINT pk_sto
            PRIMARY KEY (id)
    );

-- 建日誌表
CREATE TABLE log_sto
    (
        logid      INT          NOT NULL IDENTITY(1, 1), -- 日誌序號(日誌主鍵)
        operate    VARCHAR(10),                          -- 操做類型 如Insert,Update,Delete.
        id         INT,                                  -- 原表ID(主鍵)
        old_de     DATETIME,                             -- de字段舊值
        new_de     DATETIME,                             -- de字段新值
        spid       INT          NOT NULL,                -- spid
        login_name VARCHAR(100),                         -- 登陸名
        prog_name  VARCHAR(100),                         -- 程序名
        hostname   VARCHAR(100),                         -- 主機名
        ipaddress  VARCHAR(100),                         -- IP地址
        runsql     VARCHAR(4000),                        -- 執行的TSQL代碼
        UDate      DATETIME -- 操做日期時間
            CONSTRAINT pk_logsto
            PRIMARY KEY (logid)
    );
GO


-- 建跟蹤觸發器
CREATE TRIGGER tr_sto
ON sto
AFTER UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE
AS
    BEGIN
        DECLARE @di TABLE
            (
                et VARCHAR(200),
                pt VARCHAR(200),
                ei VARCHAR(MAX)
            );
        INSERT INTO @di
        EXEC ('dbcc inputbuffer(@@spid)');

        DECLARE @op VARCHAR(10);
        SELECT
            @op = CASE WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM inserted ) AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM deleted)
                            THEN 'Update'
                       WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM inserted ) AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM deleted)
                            THEN 'Insert'
                       WHEN NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted ) AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM deleted)
                          THEN 'Delete'
                  END;

        IF @op IN (
                      'Update', 'Insert'
                  )
            BEGIN
                INSERT INTO log_sto
                    (
                        operate,
                        id,
                        old_de,
                        new_de,
                        spid,
                        login_name,
                        prog_name,
                        hostname,
                        ipaddress,
                        runsql,
                        UDate
                    )
                            SELECT
                                @op,
                                n.id,
                                o.de,
                                n.de,
                                @@spid,
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        login_name
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_sessions
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        program_name
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_sessions
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        hostname
                                    FROM
                                        sys.sysprocesses
                                    WHERE
                                        spid = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        client_net_address
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_connections
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT TOP 1
                                        ISNULL(ei, '')
                                    FROM
                                        @di
                                ),
                                GETDATE()
                            FROM
                                inserted n
                                LEFT JOIN
                                    deleted o
                                        ON o.id = n.id;
            END;
        ELSE
            BEGIN
                INSERT INTO log_sto
                    (
                        operate,
                        id,
                        old_de,
                        new_de,
                        spid,
                        login_name,
                        prog_name,
                        hostname,
                        ipaddress,
                        runsql,
                        UDate
                    )
                            SELECT
                                @op,
                                o.id,
                                o.de,
                                NULL,
                                @@spid,
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        login_name
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_sessions
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        program_name
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_sessions
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        hostname
                                    FROM
                                        sys.sysprocesses
                                    WHERE
                                        spid = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        client_net_address
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_connections
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT TOP 1
                                        ISNULL(ei, '')
                                    FROM
                                        @di
                                ),
                                GETDATE()
                            FROM
                                deleted o;
            END;
    END;
GO


--> 測試DML操做

-- 操做1
INSERT INTO sto
    (
        id,
        de
    )
VALUES
    (
        1, '2012-01-01 05:06:07'
    );
GO

-- 操做2
INSERT INTO sto
    (
        id,
        de
    )
VALUES
    (
        2, '2012-01-01 06:06:07'
    );
GO

-- 操做3
UPDATE
    sto
SET
    de = getdate()
WHERE
    id = 2;
GO

-- 操做4
UPDATE
    sto
SET
    de = getdate()
WHERE
    id = 1;
GO

-- 操做5
INSERT INTO sto
    (
        id,
        de
    )
VALUES
    (
        5, '2012-01-01 15:26:37'
    );
GO

-- 操做6
DELETE sto
WHERE
    id = 2;
GO