安裝/升級requests 2.20.0html
pip install --upgrade requestsgit
pip show requestsgithub
檢查發現login頁面輸入內容回車後會跳轉頁面,其實是由github.com/session頁面接收數據並完成登陸。web
接下來就是構造請求了,包括headers和form data兩部分;cookie
頭部構造已經很熟悉了,主要是注意不要漏掉一些字段,包括referer,Origin等,實際上在session頁面的post頭部中要包含有login頁面返回的cookie,但Session會自動完成這個過程,因此不須要手動指定了。session
字段全一些能夠下降被反爬的機率。app
form data分爲兩部分,固定部分無所謂,但有一個字段authenticity_token是由login頁面返回,經過正則找到它便可。post
登陸成功後會自動重定向到首頁,此時已經作到了session 的狀態保持。url
在post登陸請求後老是返回422:調試
錯誤碼錶明請求格式正確,但含有語義錯誤,沒法響應。
檢查發現authenticity_token拼寫錯,改正後正常。
#coding:utf-8
'''
模擬登陸github
'''
import copy
import requests
from lxml import etree
class Login():
def __init__(self):
self.headers = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'Cache-Control':'max-age=0',
'Connection':'keep-alive',
'Host':'github.com',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests':'1',
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36'
}
self.login_url = 'https://github.com/login'
self.post_url = 'https://github.com/session'
self.profileUrl = 'https://github.com/settings/profile'
self.session = requests.Session()
def _token(self):
'''
parse for token.
'''
response = self.session.get(self.login_url, headers=self.headers)
selector = etree.HTML(response.text)
token = selector.xpath('//div//input[2]/@value')[0]
return token
def login(self, username, password):
post_data = {
'commit':'Sign in',
'utf-8':'✓',
'authenticity_token':self._token(),
'login':username,
'password':password
}
header_temp = copy.copy(headers)
header_add = {'Referer':r.url,'Origin':'https://github.com'}
header_temp.update(header_add)
response = self.session.post(self.post_url, headers=header_temp, data= post_data)
def islogin(self):
‘’’登陸成功驗證。’’’
try:
response = self.session.get(self.profileUrl, headers=self.headers)
except:
print('get page failed!')
selector = etree.HTML(response.text)
flag = selector.xpath('//div[@class="column two-thirds"]/dl/dt/label/text()')
info = selector.xpath('//div[@class="column two-thirds"]/dl/dd/input/@value')
textarea = selector.xpath('//div[@class="column two-thirds"]/dl/dd/textarea/text()')
# 登錄成功返回來的我的設置信息
print(u'我的設置Profile標題: %s'%flag)
print(u'我的設置Profile內容: %s'%info)
print(u'我的設置Profile內容: %s'%textarea)
if __name__ == '__main__':
login = Login()
login.login(username='username’, password='password')
login.islogin()