10步入門Django Rest framework後端接口框架

10步入門DRF框架開發前端

1.安裝django，版本1.11.20python

安裝djangorestframework, 版本3.11.0數據庫

2.註冊djangorestframework到setting.py文件中的APPdjango

3.建立項目api

python mamage.py startproject DRF_learnapp

4.建立app,並註冊框架

python manage.py startapp DRFDemo測試

5. 編寫數據模型url

E:\DRF_learn\DRFDemo\models.pyspa

from django.db import models # Create your models here.


class Author(models.Model): """ 圖書做者表 """ name = models.CharField('做者姓名', max_length=20) age = models.SmallIntegerField('年齡') def __str__(self): return self.name class Book(models.Model): """ 圖書表 """ book_name = models.CharField('圖書名稱', max_length=100) author = models.ForeignKey(Author, related_name='author_book') publish_time = models.DateTimeField('出版時間', auto_now_add=True) def __str__(self): return self.book_name

6.數據遷移

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

7.編寫api接口

　　在DRFDemo目錄下新建api包，並建立author和book模塊

author.py內容：

from rest_framework import generics, serializers from ..models import Author class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Author fields = '__all__'


class CreateAuthor(generics.CreateAPIView): """ 新增做者 """ queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorSerializer

book.py內容：

from rest_framework import generics from rest_framework import serializers from ..models import Book class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): """ Book模型的序列化器 """
    # ReadOnly增長序列化時額外的字段信息（友好顯示圖書做者名稱）
    author_name = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='author.name') class Meta: model = Book fields = '__all__'


class CreateBook(generics.CreateAPIView): """ 新增圖書 """
    # queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer class DeleteBook(generics.DestroyAPIView): """ 刪除圖書 """ queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer class UpdateBook(generics.UpdateAPIView): """ 修改圖書信息 """ queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer class BookList(generics.ListAPIView): """ 獲取全部的圖書列表 """ queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer class BookDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView): """ 獲取單個圖書信息 """
    # 前端接口請求時只能在該queryset中查找結果，若是請求的資源不在該查詢結果集中則不會返回具體的圖書信息
    queryset = Book.objects.filter(author_id=3) serializer_class = BookSerializer # 重寫該方法，得到具體的一個對象
    # def get_object(self):
    # obj = Book.objects.get(id=1)
    # return obj

總結：

　　如下經常使用的5種子類（CreateAPIView/DestroyAPIView/UpdateAPIView/ListAPIView/RetrieveAPIView）

　　中只有繼承CreateAPIView的視圖類不須要queryset屬性，繼承其它子類的視圖類必需要有該屬性，全部的視圖都必須有serializer_class屬性。

8. 編寫路由

　　8.1 在DRFDemo下新增urls.py文件，裏面寫：

E:\DRF_learn\DRFDemo\urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url from .api import book, author urlpatterns = [ url(r'^create_book$', book.CreateBook.as_view()), url(r'^delete_book/(?P<pk>\d+)$', book.DeleteBook.as_view()), url(r'^update_book/(?P<pk>\d+)$', book.UpdateBook.as_view()), url(r'^booklist$', book.BookList.as_view()), url(r'^book/(?P<pk>\d+)$', book.BookDetail.as_view()), url(r'^create_author$', author.CreateAuthor.as_view()), ]

注意：這裏的接口命名不符合Restful規範，只是爲了便於區分識別

　8.2 將子路由包含進項目主路由中：

E:\DRF_learn\DRF_learn\urls.py

from django.contrib import admin from django.conf.urls import url, include urlpatterns = [ url('admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^drf_demo/', include('DRFDemo.urls')) ]