設備樹(device tree)學習筆記

做者信息html

做者:彭東林node

郵箱:pengdonglin137@163.comlinux

 

一、反編譯設備樹

在設備樹學習的時候,若是能夠看到最終生成的設備樹的內容,對於咱們學習設備樹以及分析問題有很大幫助。這裏咱們須要使用設備樹生成工具dtc的反編譯功能express

root@pengdl-VirtualBox:~/tq2440/Linux/linux-4.0.1# ./scripts/dtc/dtc -h Usage: dtc [options] <input file> Options: -[qI:O:o:V:d:R:S:p:fb:i:H:sW:E:hv] -q, --quiet Quiet: -q suppress warnings, -qq errors, -qqq all -I, --in-format <arg> Input formats are: dts - device tree source text dtb - device tree blob fs - /proc/device-tree style directory -o, --out <arg> Output file -O, --out-format <arg> Output formats are: dts - device tree source text dtb - device tree blob asm - assembler source -V, --out-version <arg> Blob version to produce, defaults to %d (for dtb and asm output) -d, --out-dependency <arg> Output dependency file
  -R, --reserve <arg> tMake space for <number> reserve map entries (for dtb and asm output) -S, --space <arg> Make the blob at least <bytes> long (extra space) -p, --pad <arg> Add padding to the blob of <bytes> long (extra space) -b, --boot-cpu <arg> Set the physical boot cpu -f, --force Try to produce output even if the input tree has errors -i, --include <arg> Add a path to search for include files -s, --sort Sort nodes and properties before outputting (useful for comparing trees) -H, --phandle <arg> Valid phandle formats are: legacy - "linux,phandle" properties only epapr - "phandle" properties only both - Both "linux,phandle" and "phandle" properties -W, --warning <arg> Enable/disable warnings (prefix with "no-") -E, --error <arg> Enable/disable errors (prefix with "no-") -h, --help Print this help and exit -v, --version Print version and exit


假設咱們最終的設備樹文件是:arch/arm/boot/dts/s3c2416-smdk2416.dtb工具

./scripts/dtc/dtc -I dtb -O dts -o output.dts arch/arm/boot/dts/s3c2416-smdk2416.dtb

輸出文件output.dts就是反彙編的結果,他就是實際生成的設備樹,固然也能夠從新將生成的dts文件在編譯成dtb文件:post

./scripts/dtc/dtc -I dts -O dtb -o s3c2416-smdk2416.dtb output.dts

 

二、分析工具fdtdump

在Linux的scripts/dtc目錄下除了提供dtc工具外,還提供了一個叫作fdtdump的工具,對於分析設備樹也很是有幫助。學習

用法:ui

fdtdump -h Usage: fdtdump [options] <file> Options: -[dshV] -d, --debug   Dump debug information while decoding the file
  -s, --scan    Scan for an embedded fdt in file
  -h, --help Print this help and exit -V, --version Print version and exit

 使用範例:this

fdtdump -sd vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb | tee vexpress.dts.debug

看看輸出的文件:spa

vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb: found fdt at offset 0
/dts-v1/; // magic: 0xd00dfeed // totalsize: 0x2e9c (11932) // off_dt_struct: 0x38 // off_dt_strings: 0x2bb8 // off_mem_rsvmap: 0x28 // version: 17 // last_comp_version: 16 // boot_cpuid_phys: 0x0 // size_dt_strings: 0x2e4 // size_dt_struct: 0x2b80 // 0038: tag: 0x00000001 (FDT_BEGIN_NODE)
/ { // 0040: tag: 0x00000003 (FDT_PROP) // 2bb8: string: model // 004c: value
    model = "V2P-CA9";

 能夠看到,其中這個工具會同時把分析語句和原始文件打印出來,其中 // 後輸出的是分析語句,其餘的是原始語句。對分析Linux內核啓動時遍歷展開設備樹鏡像頗有幫助。

 

三、Linux配置,支持設備樹

make menuconfig ---> Boot options ---> Flattened Device Tree support

 

四、Linux 編譯設備樹

能夠看看arch/arm/boot/dts/Makefile中你要的那個設備樹的dtb文件是否配置上了。

make dtbs

 

五、從Linux內核代碼中編譯設備樹的工具dtc

在內核源碼目錄下提供了dtc工具的源碼實現, 下面是生成這個工具的命令:

make scripts

 

六、刪除設備樹屬性的方法

有時咱們有這樣的需求,須要刪除設備樹的某些屬性, 可是咱們又不想修改設備樹源文件,那麼能夠利用delete-property方法。

 1 / {  2  ... ...  3  demo1: demo1 {  4         compatible = "demo1";  5         property1 = <1>;  6  property2;  7         property3 = <2>;  8  property4;  9  }; 10 }; 11 
12 &demo1 { 13     /delete-property/property2; 14     /delete-property/property3; 15 };

編譯完成後,執行反編譯能夠看到property2和property3已經消失了:

1  demo1 { 2         compatible = "demo1"; 3         property1 = <0x1>; 4  property4; 5     };

 

七、兩個內核新增的設備樹調試工具

  • ./scripts/dtc/dt_to_config

能夠根據傳入的設備樹解析出每一個節點對應那些驅動以及內核是否已經配置,甚至能夠經過傳遞--config-format來直接修改.config文件,若是嫌節點的路徑過長,能夠傳遞參數--short-name,用法示例:

# 這裏的--include-suspec用於解析設備樹中的include字段 $./scripts/dtc/dt_to_config arch/arm/boot/dts/s3c2440-tq2440-dt.dts --include-suspect --config ./.config
-dDc-E-Hx---- : /i2c-gpio-1 : i2c-gpio : arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/core.c : obj-y : x
-dDc-E-H-n--F : /i2c-gpio-1 : i2c-gpio : arch/arm/mach-ixp4xx/avila-setup.c : CONFIG_MACH_AVILA : n
-dDc-E-H-n--F : /i2c-gpio-1 : i2c-gpio : arch/arm/mach-ixp4xx/dsmg600-setup.c : CONFIG_MACH_DSMG600 : n ...

固然後面也能夠直接跟dtb文件:

$./scripts/dtc/dt_to_config arch/arm/boot/dts/s3c2440-tq2440-dt.dtb --include-suspect --config ./.config -dDc-E-Hx---- : /i2c-gpio-1 : i2c-gpio : arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/core.c : obj-y : x -dDc-E-H-n--F : /i2c-gpio-1 : i2c-gpio : arch/arm/mach-ixp4xx/avila-setup.c : CONFIG_MACH_AVILA : n -dDc-E-H-n--F : /i2c-gpio-1 : i2c-gpio : arch/arm/mach-ixp4xx/dsmg600-setup.c : CONFIG_MACH_DSMG600 : n -dDc-E-H-n--F : /i2c-gpio-1 : i2c-gpio : arch/arm/mach-ixp4xx/fsg-setup.c : CONFIG_MACH_FSG : n ...

 

  • ./scripts/dtc/dtx_diff

這個工具用於比較兩個設備樹,也能夠對設備樹反編譯。示例:

#傳遞一個設備樹,表示反編譯 ./scripts/dtc/dtx_diff arch/arm/boot/dts/s3c2440-tq2440-dt.dtb

#也能夠直接傳遞一個dts文件,這個工具會將該dts文件展開
./scripts/dtc/dtx_diff arch/arm/boot/dts/s3c2440-tq2440-dt.dts #傳遞兩個設備樹表示比較 .
/scripts/dtc/dtx_diff arch/arm/boot/dts/s3c2440-tq2440-dt.dtb /tftpboot/dtb --- /dev/fd/63 2017-09-23 22:01:48.407691984 +0800 +++ /dev/fd/62 2017-09-23 22:01:48.407691984 +0800 @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ pinctrl-names = "default"; reg = <0x54000000 0x100>; samsung,i2c-max-bus-freq = <0x30d40>; - status = "disabled"; + status = "okay"; demo0@51 { compatible = "demo0";

也能夠都是dts文件,或者一個dts一個dtb文件。

 

八、如何在設備樹裏控制屬性值佔用的字節數?

http://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/6044418.html

 

九、設備樹中ranges屬性分析

http://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/7401049.html

 

十、dts中memreserve和reserved-memory的區別

 https://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/articles/10483018.html

 

十一、devicetree-specification

https://files.cnblogs.com/files/pengdonglin137/devicetree-specification.pdf

 

 

其餘關於設備樹的調試文檔

一、Solving Device Tree Issues

二、Youtube:Solving Devicetree Issues, part 3.0

三、Linux kernel的devicetree-compiler郵件列表裏有不少好的patch,能夠挑選本身想要的, 好比下面幾個:

  [RFC PATCH 0/3] dtc: dts source location annotation 這個系列的patch爲dtc增長了一個annotate配置,這樣在編譯設備樹時會生成annotate.dts.tmp後綴的隱藏文件,能夠查看每一個屬性最終是被那個設備樹文件設置的

    [RFC PATCH 1/3] dtc: dts source location annotation

    [RFC PATCH 2/3] dtc: make check test for dtc --annotate

    [RFC PATCH 3/3] dtc: linux kernel build process to create annotated .dts

  效果:

sdhci@f9824900 { /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-apq8074-dragonboard.dts:14 */ compatible = "qcom,sdhci-msm-v4"; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-msm8974.dtsi:240 */ reg = <0xf9824900 0x11c 0xf9824000 0x800>; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-msm8974.dtsi:241 */ reg-names = "hc_mem", "core_mem"; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-msm8974.dtsi:242 */ interrupts = <0x0 0x7b 0x0 0x0 0x8a 0x0>; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-msm8974.dtsi:243 */ interrupt-names = "hc_irq", "pwr_irq"; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-msm8974.dtsi:244 */ clocks = <0xd 0xd8 0xd 0xd7>; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-msm8974.dtsi:245 */ clock-names = "core", "iface"; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-msm8974.dtsi:246 */ status = "ok"; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-apq8074-dragonboard.dts:17 */ bus-width = <0x8>; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-apq8074-dragonboard.dts:15 */ non-removable; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-apq8074-dragonboard.dts:16 */ }; /* arch/arm/boot/dts/qcom-apq8074-dragonboard.dts:18 */

 

 

 

 

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